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What are economic costs and when should they be used in health economic studies?

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What are economic costs and when should they be used in health economic studies?

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What are economic costs and when should they be used in health economic studies? - Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation

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Economic analyses of healthcare interventions are an important consideration in evidence-based policymaking. A key component of such analyses is the costs of interventions, for which most are familiar with using budgets and expenditures. However, economic theory states that the true value of a good/service is the value of the next best alternative forgone as a result of using the resource and therefore observed prices or charges do not necessarily reflect the true economic value of resources. To address this, economic costs are a fundamental concept within (health) economics. Crucially, they are intended to reflect the resources’ opportunity costs (the forgone opportunity to use those resources for another purpose) and they are based on the value of the resource’s next-best alternative use that has been forgone. This is a broader conceptualization of a resource’s value than its financial cost and recognizes that resources can have a value that may not be fully captured by their market price and that by using a resource it makes it unavailable for productive use elsewhere. Importantly, economic costs are preferred over financial costs for any health economic analyses aimed at informing decisions regarding the optimum allocation of the limited/competing resources available for healthcare (such as health economic evaluations), and they are also important when considering the replicability and sustainability of healthcare interventions. However, despite this, economic costs and the reasons why they are used is an area that can be misunderstood by professionals without an economic background. In this paper, we outline to a broader audience the principles behind economic costs and when and why they should be used within health economic analyses. We highlight that the difference between financial and economic costs and what adjustments are needed within cost calculations will be influenced by the context of the study, the perspective, and the objective.

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Ökonomische Bewertung in der globalen Gesundheit [Economic Evaluation in Global Health]

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Ökonomische Bewertung in der globalen Gesundheit [Economic Evaluation in Global Health]

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20 Ökonomische Bewertung in der globalen Gesundheit

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20 Ökonomische Bewertung in der globalen Gesundheit was published in Global Health on page 557.

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Ökonomie und globale Gesundheit [Economics and Global Health]

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Ökonomie und globale Gesundheit [Economics and Global Health]

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19 Ökonomie und globale Gesundheit was published in Global Health on page 523.

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Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) video set

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Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) video set

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Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA) in Health: The ICER Man Cometh (Version 1)

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This video set provides a practical introduction to cost-effectiveness analysis in health, covering purpose, core methods of analysis and presentation, resea…

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Good Practices Reports & More | Economic Evaluation

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Good Practices Reports & More | Economic Evaluation

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Exemplars in Global Health Data Explorer

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Exemplars in Global Health Data Explorer

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Exemplars in Global Health Data Explorer

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Exemplars in Global Health Data Explorer

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Dollar Street - photos as data to kill country stereotypes

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Imagine the world as a street. Everyone lives on Dollar Street. The poorest to the left and the richest on the right. Every else live somewhere in between. Where would you live? Visit Dollar Street and see homes from hundreds of homes from all over the World.

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Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation

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Explore patterns of global health financing flows from 1990 to 2050 with interactive bar charts, maps, and line graphs. Compare spending on HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and all causes.

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World Bank Open Data from The World Bank: Data

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World Bank Poverty & Equity Data Portal:

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World Bank Poverty & Equity Data Portal:

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Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation

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Analyze updated data about the world’s health levels and trends from 1990 to 2023 from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study.

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SDG Tracker: Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals

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Our World in Data’s Sustainable Development Goals Tracker

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United Nations World Population Prospects

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United Nations World Population Prospects

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The 2022 Revision of World Population Prospects is the twenty-seventh edition of official United Nations population estimates and projections that have been prepared by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat. It presents population estimates from 1950 to the present for 237 countries or areas, underpinned by analyses of historical demographic trends. This latest assessment considers the results of 1,758 national population censuses conducted between 1950 and 2022, as well as information from vital registration systems and from 2,890 nationally representative sample surveys The 2022 revision also presents population projections to the year 2100 that reflect a range of plausible outcomes at the global, regional and national levels.

The main results are presented in a series of Excel files displaying key demographic indicators for each UN development group, World Bank income group, geographic region, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) region, subregion and country or area for selected periods or dates within 1950-2100. An online database (Data Portal) provides access to a subset of key indicators and interactive data visualization, including an open API for programmatic access. For advanced users who need to use these data in a database form or statistical software, we recommend to use the CSV format for bulk download. Special Aggregates also provide additional groupings of countries. For the first time, the estimates and projections are presented in one-year intervals of age and time instead of the five-year intervals used previously. The various datasets disaggregated by age are available in two forms: by standard 5-year age groups and single ages.

Additional outputs, including results from the probabilistic projections, and more detailed metadata will be posted soon after the initial public release.

Disclaimer: This web site contains data tables, figures, maps, analyses and technical notes from the current revision of the World Population Prospects. These documents do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

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World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations

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The 2022 Revision of World Population Prospects is the twenty-seventh edition of official United Nations population estimates and projections that have been prepared by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat.

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The GHO data repository is WHO's gateway to health-related statistics for its 194 Member States. It provides access to over 1000 health topics indicators

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For the current 2020 fiscal year, low-income economies are defined as those with a GNI per capita, calculated using the , of $1,025 or less in 2018; lower middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $1,026 and $3,995; upper middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $3,996 and $12,375; high-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,376 or more.

Please note: Regions in this table include economies at all income levels. The term country, used interchangeably with economy, does not imply political independence but refers to any territory for which authorities report separate social or economic statistics. Click for information about how the World Bank classifies countries.

You can also download the the current classification by income in XLS format, historical classification by income in XLS format, and the comparison with the previous fiscal year.

Bold indicates a change of classification.

EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA
[58]

LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
[21]

SOUTH ASIA
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
LOW-INCOME ECONOMIES ($1,025 OR LESS)

LOWER-MIDDLE INCOME ECONOMIES ($1,026 TO $3,995) UPPER-MIDDLE-INCOME ECONOMIES ($3,996 TO $12,375)

HIGH-INCOME ECONOMIES ($12,376 OR MORE)

IDA
[59] BLEND[17]

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For the current 2020 fiscal year, low-income economies are defined as those with a GNI per capita, calculated using the , of $1,025 or less in 2018; lower middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $1,026 and $3,995; upper middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $3,996 and $12,375; high-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,376 or more.

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The World Development Indicators is a compilation of relevant, high-quality, and internationally comparable statistics about global development and the fight against poverty. The database contains 1,400 time series indicators for 217 economies and more than 40 country groups, with data for many indicators going back more than 50 years.

Access and query the World Development Indicators database through the Open Data site and DataBank. You can create visualizations, download data, and generate maps.

Download bulk Excel and CSV file versions of the World Development Indicators database, including metadata. The files are revised whenever the WDI is updated.

The World Bank indicators API allows users to programmatically access all the WDI indicators and query the data in several ways, using parameters to specify the request.

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The World Development Indicators is a compilation of relevant, high-quality, and internationally comparable statistics about global development and the fight against poverty. The database contains 1,400 time series indicators for 217 economies and more than 40 country groups, with data for many indicators going back more than 50 years.

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Animated global statistics that everyone can understand

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Research and data to make progress against the world's largest problems

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Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program

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Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program

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This site uses cookies to optimize functionality and give you the best possible experience. If you continue to navigate this website beyond this page, cookies will be placed on your browser. To learn more about cookies, click here.

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This site uses cookies to optimize functionality and give you the best possible experience. If you continue to navigate this website beyond this page, cookies will be placed on your browser. To learn more about cookies, click here.

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UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)

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UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)

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Sie suchen Informationen über das Gesundheitswesen.

Wir bieten Ihnen kostenfrei über drei Milliarden Zahlen und Kennziffern in Form von übersichtlichen Tabellen. Die Online-Datenbank der Gesundheitsberichterstattung ( GBE) des Bundes führt Gesundheitsdaten und Gesundheitsinformationen aus über 100 verschiedenen Quellen an zentraler Stelle zusammen, darunter viele Erhebungen der Statistischen Ämter des Bundes und der Länder, aber auch Erhebungen zahlreicher weiterer Institutionen aus dem Gesundheitsbereich.

Übersichtliche Grafiken, verständliche Texte und präzise Definitionen runden das Angebot an Gesundheitsdaten ab. Dokumentationen zu den Datenquellen, ihren Erhebungsmerkmalen, Methodiken und Ansprechpartnern enthalten zusätzliche Hinweise. Die angebotenen Gesundheitsdaten und Gesundheitsinformationen werden fortlaufend inhaltlich angereichert und regelmäßig aktualisiert.

Neben Daten aus Deutschland sind im Informationssystem auch internationale Tabellen der OECD und der WHO zu finden.

Die Informationen sind über die nebenstehenden Themen oder die Stichwortsuche zu erreichen.

Über das Informationssystem sind auch alle anderen Produkte der GBE des Bundes, z.B. das Journal of Health Monitoring leicht zugänglich.

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Federal Statistical Office - Federal Health Monitoring

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Gesundheit, Statistik, Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes. Das Informationssystem der GBE des Bundes bietet eine große Zahl von Gesundheitsdaten und Gesundheitsinformationen an zentraler Stelle. Es führt als Online-Datenbank die Informationen so zusammen, dass medizinische, soziale und ökonomische Sachverhalte themenübergreifend in einen Zusammenhang gesetzt und beurteilt werden können, und ermöglicht damit seinen Nutzern einen umfassenden Überblick über das Gesundheitswesen in Deutschland.

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Thema des Monats 06/2023: Trotz Fachkräftemangels: Ausbildung in vielen Bereichen rückläufig

Sowohl der Anteil der Betriebe, die ausbilden, als auch der Anteil der Auszubildenden an allen sozialversicherungspflichtig Beschäftigten nimmt im Zeitverlauf ab. Vor dem Hintergrund der Diskussion um Fachkräftebedarfe und -engpässe, ist der Trend bedenklich. Neben der Steigerung der Attraktivität der Berufsausbildung muss Ausbildung auch auf anderem Wege gefördert werden. Ob die geplante Ausbildungsgarantie ausreicht, bleibt umstritten.

Archiv: Themen des Monats

Alle News im Überblick

Dauerbaustelle Sozialstaat: Chronologien gesetzlicher Neuregelungen 1998 - 2022

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Sozialpolitik aktuell: Das Informationsportal zur Sozialpolitik - Sozialpolitik aktuell: Das Informationsportal zur Sozialpolitik

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Umfangreiche und aktuelle Informationen zu allen Bereichen der Sozialpolitik

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The working group aims to build a community of global health economics researchers to support graduate students, and develop more clearly viable academic career paths in the field.