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He showed that it was impossible to determine both the exact position and speed of electrons as they moved around an atom.

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He stipulated that electrons orbit the nucleus at fixed energies and distances, able to jump from one level to another, but not to exist in the space between.
Experiments showed that rather being discrete particles, electrons were show to move like waves.

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He decided to investigate atoms more closely, by shooting small, positively charged alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil.
He concluded that atoms consisted largely of empty space with just a few electrons, while most of the mass was concentrated in the center, which he termed the nucleus.

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In 1897, he discovered the electron.
He showed atoms as uniformly packed spheres of positive matter filled with negatively charged electrons.

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Showed that common substances always broke down into the same elements in the same proportions.
He concluded that the various compounds were combinations of atoms of different elements, each of a particular size and mass that can neither be created nor destroyed.