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Please share your current age.

Lilly: I am 41 years of age.

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Lilly: I was born in Manila, Philippines.

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Lilly: My family structure in Manila, Philippines, has an extended family.

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At what age did you leave your birthplace?

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At what age did you leave your birthplace?

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Lilly: I was 22 years old when I left the Philippines.

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Lilly: I moved several times before finding my current home.

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What is your family structure in your current home?

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What is your family structure in your current home?

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Lilly: I have an extended family structure at my current home because my mom and brother are living with me.

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Do you have any concerns about current and future health for yourself or your family members?

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Do you have any concerns about current and future health for yourself or your family members?

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Lilly: I have no concerns about current and future health for me and my family members.

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Lilly: I am Filipino.

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Where have you lived and for how long? Where do you live currently and what is your occupation?

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Where have you lived and for how long? Where do you live currently and what is your occupation?

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Lilly: I resided in Manila for 22 years, until obtaining citizenship in the U.S. I currently live in Butler, PA. I work as a registered nurse.

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How does your culture regard expression of emotion and feelings, spirituality, and religious beliefs? How are dying, death, and grieving expressed in a culturally appropriate manner?

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How does your culture regard expression of emotion and feelings, spirituality, and religious beliefs? How are dying, death, and grieving expressed in a culturally appropriate manner?

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Lilly: We believe not to display signs of anger or confrontation, as it can bring "hiya" (shame or embarrassment) to a person's reputation. As for death and grieving, we see this as a new chapter to a new life. Our culture practices a "lamay", which is an all-day, all-night 3-7 day celebration to honor the deceased. During this time, loved ones take take overseeing the deceased body. Grieving is helped by large support systems of family and neighbors, making it easier to accept the loss and heal.

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How is modesty expressed by men and women? Are there culturally defined expectations about male-female relationships, including the nurse-client relationship?

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How is modesty expressed by men and women? Are there culturally defined expectations about male-female relationships, including the nurse-client relationship?

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Lilly: Dress in the Philippines is modest by both men and women, especially in public. Males tend to be seen as the dominant being, whereas females are of a lower ranking. Men hold the jobs, and the women uphold house chores. Overall, Filipinos tend to be accepting of nurses and other healthcare providers who are open, positive, and comfortable being around.

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What is the cultural perception of aging (e.g., is youthfulness or the wisdom of old age more highly valued)?

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What is the cultural perception of aging (e.g., is youthfulness or the wisdom of old age more highly valued)?

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Lilly: We see aging as a natural phase of life. We take pride in respecting our elders through this process of Pagpapakatao.

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How are elderly persons handled culturally (e.g., cared for in the home of adult children, placed in institutions for care)? What are culturally acceptable roles for the elderly?

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How are elderly persons handled culturally (e.g., cared for in the home of adult children, placed in institutions for care)? What are culturally acceptable roles for the elderly?

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Lilly: Older people are highly respected and involved in the family. Many households consist of three generations. Grandparents are active in raising their grandchildren. In turn, the children and grandchildren often care for the elderly.

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Does the elderly person expect family members to provide care, including nurturance and other humanistic aspects of care?

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Does the elderly person expect family members to provide care, including nurturance and other humanistic aspects of care?

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Lilly: Yes. As I mentioned previously, it is a shared responsibility of the family to care for each other.

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What area of health do you feel the immigrant person would benefit from being supported by a knowledgeable nurse such as yourself? Describe how you provided that support, either during the interview or as a follow-up to the interview.

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What area of health do you feel the immigrant person would benefit from being supported by a knowledgeable nurse such as yourself? Describe how you provided that support, either during the interview or as a follow-up to the interview.

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Lilly, who is also a nurse, is aware of public health measures. We discussed the prevalence of tuberculosis in the Philippines due to small living quarters. She undergoes routine screenings when necessary and is aware of the disease process.

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Lilly: I was born in Manila, Philippines.

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Lilly and I met in nursing school. This was a nice way to get to learn more about her and her culture.

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What new knowledge was gained about culture and healthcare? 

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What new knowledge was gained about culture and healthcare? 

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I was slightly surprised that this culture is hesitant to Western medicine. However, I can understand why they would want to start with less invasive and holistic measures. It was nice to learn there are no obvious reservations between the nurse-client relationship.

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How will this experience affect the care the student provides to patients in the workplace who are not originally from the same culture?

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How will this experience affect the care the student provides to patients in the workplace who are not originally from the same culture?

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This experience has given me a new appreciation for the Filipino culture. It has helped open my eyes to new perspectives, which will help me to be more self-aware and culturally competent as I continue in my professional and personal life.

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What are the client’s cultural beliefs about ideal body size and shape? What is the client’s self-image vis-à-vis the ideal?

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What are the client’s cultural beliefs about ideal body size and shape? What is the client’s self-image vis-à-vis the ideal?

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Lilly: I think the culture is mostly accepting, but it can be critical in terms of body shaming. I see myself as accepting toward others, but I struggle with my own self-image. It is something I am working to improve.

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What does the client believe promotes health (eating certain foods, wearing amulets to bring good luck, sleep, rest, good nutrition, reducing stress, exercise, prayer, rituals to ancestors, saints, or intermediate deities)?

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What does the client believe promotes health (eating certain foods, wearing amulets to bring good luck, sleep, rest, good nutrition, reducing stress, exercise, prayer, rituals to ancestors, saints, or intermediate deities)?

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Lilly: I believe eating well, getting plenty of rest, and meditating in prayer are practices that can promote health.

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What is the client’s religious affiliation (e.g., Judaism, Islam, Pentacostalism, West African voodooism, Seventh-Day Adventism, Catholicism, Mormonism)? How actively involved in the practice of this religion is the client?

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What is the client’s religious affiliation (e.g., Judaism, Islam, Pentacostalism, West African voodooism, Seventh-Day Adventism, Catholicism, Mormonism)? How actively involved in the practice of this religion is the client?

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Lilly: I am a devout Catholic.

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Who influences the choice/type of healer and treatment that should be sought?

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Who influences the choice/type of healer and treatment that should be sought?

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Lilly: I think family influences the decision of whether or not to pursue treatment. Many times, people will delay getting treatment because a family member shamed them for thinking such things. This often leads to self-diagnosing, self-treating, and seeking alternative treatment measures.

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In what types of cultural healing practices does the client engage (use of herbal remedies, potions, massage, wearing of talismans, copper bracelets or charms to discourage evil spirits, healing rituals, incantations, prayers)?

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In what types of cultural healing practices does the client engage (use of herbal remedies, potions, massage, wearing of talismans, copper bracelets or charms to discourage evil spirits, healing rituals, incantations, prayers)?

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Lilly: Some healing practices include herbal home remedies and prayer.

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How does the client’s religious affiliations affect health and illness (e.g., life events such as death, chronic illness, body image alteration, cause and effect of illness)?

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How does the client’s religious affiliations affect health and illness (e.g., life events such as death, chronic illness, body image alteration, cause and effect of illness)?

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Lilly: Catholicism is a part of my moral compass, as it guides me on treatments that align with the will of God. For serious events, such as death of a loved one, praying and seeking the support of our priest has been comforting.

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What is the role of significant religious representatives during health and illness? Are there recognized religious healers (e.g., Islamic Imams, Christian Scientists practitioners or nurses, Catholic priests, Mormon elders, Buddhist monks)?

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What is the role of significant religious representatives during health and illness? Are there recognized religious healers (e.g., Islamic Imams, Christian Scientists practitioners or nurses, Catholic priests, Mormon elders, Buddhist monks)?

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Lilly: Our priest has proven to be helpful during times of challenging health problems. He has performed the sacrament Anointing of the Sick for loved ones who were in need.

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Who shops for food? Where are groceries purchased (e.g., special markets or ethnic grocery stores)? Who prepares the client’s meals?

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Who shops for food? Where are groceries purchased (e.g., special markets or ethnic grocery stores)? Who prepares the client’s meals?

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Lilly: I shop for my family's food at our local grocery store. It has a lot of variety for us. I also prepare my family's meals.

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What nutritional factors are influenced by the client’s cultural background? What is the meaning of food and eating to the client?

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What nutritional factors are influenced by the client’s cultural background? What is the meaning of food and eating to the client?

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Lilly: In my culture, food represents connection and family. Most of our meals are eaten together, as a family. We use large serving bowls, where we encourage each person to help themselves. It is a love language that unifies us.