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Between 2000 and 2005, it was estimated that Indonesia lost 9.36 Million hectares of forest

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Indonesia currently has the 3rd largest carbon footprint in the world due to the fact that the pollution is mainly coming from the burning of the forest to clear space for farmland, palm oil plantation, industry, commercial areas, or housing.

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A UN report suggests that 98% of the natural rainforest in Indonesia will be gone by 2022 with the planting of palm oil to turn into biodiesel.

More than 70% of Indonesia’s forests have been lost.

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Indonesia uses a lots of Palm Oil and turning it into bio diesel and people in Indonesia have a low biological footprint

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The Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil scheme is targeted to help develop sustainable palm oil industries. Even though the event was only held in Kalimantan, the local representatives claimed that if the plan is success, they hope that other heavy palm oil producers such as Sumatra and Papua will replicate the system

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Indonesia is still using Fossil Fuels as their main resource but is running out

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Indonesia's ecological footprint is bigger than the biocapacity

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The hectares per person in Indonesia has gone down a lot in the past 50 years because of population increase, and Indonesia's ecological footprint has gone up so they are slowly coming closer and closer until it will be unsustainable.

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According to Indonesia's diversity of electricity generation, 83% of them were used for conventional thermal, 10% were used for hydroelectric, and 5.9% were used for other renewables. Moreover, people in Indonesia used 13,300,000 tonnes of Coal, 3,430,000 tonnes of Gas, and 600 million tonnes of Oil in 2013. Overall, Indonesia's index rank is 73.

ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY INDEX RANKINGS AND BALANCE SCORE

2011

2012

2013

ENERGY PERFORMANCE | 89 | 87 | 68

Energy Security

39

37

17

Energy Equity

93

94

83

Environmental Sustainability

108

109

104

Contextual Performance | 69 | 71 | 72
Political Strength | 88 | 92 | 95
Societal Strength | 74 | 82 | 82
Economic Strength | 50 | 41 | 42

OVERALL RANK

83

85

73

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The water footprint of Indonesian consumption was around 270 billion m³/yr  in the years of 1997-2001, which is about 1317 m3/yr per person. One of the reasons why the water footprint is so high is due to the amount of irrigation used for agricultural purposes such as growing rice.

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Jeethu :  How the resources in Indonesia increased or decreased from 1960 till 2010, whether this fits into Malthus' or Boserup's theory and why.

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Jeethu :  How the resources in Indonesia increased or decreased from 1960 till 2010, whether this fits into Malthus' or Boserup's theory and why.

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In 1960, Indonesia's ecolical footprint was approximately 1.4. However, by 2010, this value rose to 1.5. This tells us that the number of resources most people had started consuming had risen and some had started to to consume more than they really needed to. This is mainly due to population rise since it links in with everything. When the number people in a county increase, there is more need for food, shelter and water. Most houses are made out of wood. This means that more trees would have been chopped down as the years progressed. More water would have been consumed and more food produced. This also increases the amount of water used in agriculture. Also, the use of even more pesticides. Solutions like palm oil get introduced and even though it is more efficient in cars, the production process causes a lot of deforestation. People even loose their homes! This links in with the next thing I will focus on.

The reason that the ecological footprint increase isn't that high is because there are still many people living in poverty and people without homes. These people consume less than they should. That is why it compensates for the ones who consume more than they need to.

Finally, in the case of Indonesia, this links more in to Boserup's theory since there have been plenty of technological advances and, as the need (or want) for resources increase, more are being used and produced to satisfy that desire. As the population increase, the amount of agriculture increased. Hence, more food was produced (as well as many other resources being used).

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Indonesia has one of the fastest rate of deforestation. Indonesia's peatlands cover less than 0.1% of the earth's surface, but are already responsible for 4% of global emissions every year. Indonesia already has 6 million hectares of oil palm plantations.

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With around 225 million people, Indonesia has an ecological footprint of 1.21