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1534: The Church of England is Established

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1534: The Church of England is Established

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King Henry VIII breaks away from the Roman Catholic Church and establishes the Church of England, setting the stage for religious conflicts that would lead to the Pilgrims' journey.

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A group of Puritans, unsatisfied with the Church of England's reforms, begin to separate from the established church. These 'Separatists' would later become known as the Pilgrims.

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1606: Separatist Congregation Forms in Scrooby

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1606: Separatist Congregation Forms in Scrooby

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A Separatist congregation forms in Scrooby, Nottinghamshire, led by William Brewster and John Robinson. This group would become the core of the Pilgrim movement.

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Facing persecution in England, the Separatists flee to Holland, first attempting to leave in 1607 and successfully relocating in 1608. They settle in Leiden, where they enjoy religious freedom.

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1620 (July-August): Pilgrims Depart for the New World

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1620 (July-August): Pilgrims Depart for the New World

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After 12 years in Holland, the Pilgrims decide to establish a colony in America. They depart from Delfshaven on the Speedwell, then from Southampton on both the Speedwell and Mayflower.

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1620 (September 6): The Mayflower Sets Sail

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1620 (September 6): The Mayflower Sets Sail

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After issues with the Speedwell, the Mayflower finally departs from Plymouth, England, carrying 102 passengers - a mix of Separatists (Pilgrims) and other colonists.

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1620 (November 11): Mayflower Compact Signed

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1620 (November 11): Mayflower Compact Signed

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The Mayflower anchors at Provincetown Harbor. Male passengers sign the Mayflower Compact, establishing a form of self-government for the new colony.

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1620 (December 21): Landing at Plymouth Rock

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1620 (December 21): Landing at Plymouth Rock

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After exploring the coast, the Pilgrims choose a site for their settlement. The first landing party steps ashore at what will become Plymouth Colony.

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The Pilgrims form a diplomatic alliance with the Wampanoag chief Massasoit, crucial for the colony's survival. Squanto, a Native American, becomes a valuable interpreter and guide.

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After their first successful harvest, the Pilgrims celebrate with a three-day feast, later known as the First Thanksgiving. They are joined by around 90 Native Americans, including Massasoit.