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The Kingdom of D'mt is established in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea.

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The Aksumite Empire rises to prominence, known for its monumental obelisks, the introduction of Christianity, and extensive trade networks.

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Christianity is introduced to Ethiopia by Frumentius, and King Ezana of Aksum converts to Christianity, making it the state religion.

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The first Hijra takes place; early Muslims, including relatives of the Prophet Muhammad, find refuge in Aksum.

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The fall of the Aksumite Empire, partly due to internal strife and external pressures, including invasions by the Queen Gudit.

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The Zagwe dynasty is established, known for its rock-hewn churches, especially those in Lalibela.

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The Solomonic dynasty is founded by Yekuno Amlak, claiming descent from the biblical King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba.

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The Solomonic dynasty is founded by Yekuno Amlak

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The Ethiopian-Adal War, marked by the invasion of Ethiopian territories by Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Gragn), causing significant destruction before his defeat with Portuguese assistance.

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The Ethiopian-Adal War, marked by the invasion of Ethiopian territories by Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi (Gragn), causing significant destruction before his defeat with Portuguese assistance.

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The Gondarine period, under Emperor Fasilides, known for the establishment of Gondar as a permanent capital and the construction of numerous castles and churches.

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The rule of Emperor Tewodros II, who sought to unify Ethiopia and modernize its administration and military. He eventually faces conflict with the British Empire, leading to his defeat and suicide in 1868 at the Battle of Magdala.

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Emperor Yohannes IV reigns, known for defending Ethiopia against Egyptian and Mahdist invasions. He is killed in the Battle of Gallabat against the Mahdists.

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Menelik II becomes Emperor, expanding Ethiopian territory through military conquests and diplomacy.

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The Battle of Adwa, where Ethiopian forces under Emperor Menelik II defeat the Italian army, securing Ethiopia's sovereignty and leading to the Treaty of Addis Ababa.

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Emperor Haile Selassie I reigns, known for his modernization efforts and international diplomacy, including the founding of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) in 1963.

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The Second Italo-Ethiopian War results in Italian occupation. Ethiopia is liberated by Allied forces and Ethiopian resistance in 1941 during World War II.

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The Ethiopian Revolution leads to the overthrow of Emperor Haile Selassie by the Derg, a Marxist-Leninist military junta led by Mengistu Haile Mariam.

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The Derg regime, characterized by the Red Terror campaign, forced resettlements, and a catastrophic famine in 1984-1985. The regime collapses in 1991 due to military defeats by the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF).

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The EPRDF, led by Meles Zenawi, takes control of Addis Ababa, marking the end of the Derg regime. A transitional government is established.

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Eritrea gains independence from Ethiopia following a referendum, ending a long struggle for secession.

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The Eritrean-Ethiopian War, a border conflict resulting in tens of thousands of casualties and a stalemate.

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The Algiers Agreement is signed, ending the Eritrean-Ethiopian War and establishing a boundary commission to demarcate the border.

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Prime Minister Meles Zenawi dies, and Hailemariam Desalegn becomes the new Prime Minister.

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Abiy Ahmed becomes Prime Minister, initiating significant political and economic reforms, releasing political prisoners, and making peace with Eritrea, earning the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019.

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The Tigray War erupts between the federal government and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), leading to a humanitarian crisis and significant regional instability.

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Efforts continue for national reconciliation, peacebuilding, and economic recovery in the aftermath of the Tigray conflict, with ongoing challenges including ethnic tensions and political reforms

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Marcus, H. G., Crummey, D. E., & Mehretu, A. (2024, 25 septiembre). Ethiopia | People, flag, Religion, Language, capital, Map, Population, war, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/place/Ethiopia