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Study of package design for music: not necessarily the CDs or Vinyl records themselves, but what they were packaged in through time. I'm really interested in K-pop albums and collect them, so that inspired me to learn more about album packaging.

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STAYC_official. "STAYC The 5th Single Album [𝐒]." X image, March 9, 2025, 11:00 PM. https://x.com/STAYC_official/status/1898931823712813209.

Modern K-pop album packaging for STAYC's upcoming single album, [S]. I just bought this one recently!

includes a full graphic with everything included to let fans know what to expect

is more than just music: a strong focus on photos and typography

collectibles so fans buy more versions (this is just one version of three)

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Spread the Sound: A Brief History of Music Reproduction

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Spread the Sound: A Brief History of Music Reproduction

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Crane, Kevin. "Spread the Sound: A Brief History of Music Reproduction." Ilumin Magazine. Last modified October 6, 2010. Accessed March 17, 2025. https://illumin.usc.edu/spread-the-sound-a-brief-history-of-music-reproduction/.

This source will be helpful because it encompasses all of music's listenable history. I will need to know ever aspect of music reproduction if I want to study all of its packaging.

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Computer Science Electrical Engineering Issue II Lifestyle Material Science Volume XIII
About the Author: Kevin Crane

Advancements in technology over the last 150 years have allowed people to spread music throughout the world by recording sound into a physical form and replaying it at their convenience. Music reproduction began in the late 19th century with the advent of the vinyl album, the first invention to let the masses record audio into a portable format. The vinyl album harnessed the complexity of sound waves by carving a waveform into grooves in a large disc. The next step in reproduction was the development of cassette tapes; using the same audio signals as vinyl records, cassette tapes selectively magnetized a continuous reel of tape, encoding music into a small compact package. Finally, the compact disc began its reign when digital technology advanced enough to allow the sampling and encoding of large amounts of music into an object about 1.2mm thick. These engineering marvels have allowed multiple generations to appreciate music and expand their cultural horizons with far more genres and bands than otherwise possible.

Music's Pre-Vinyl History

Music has been a part of human history since the beginning of mankind. Initially, one had to be in the presence of the musician in order to hear the piece being played. With no way to reproduce or transport the songs, music was an entirely live experience taking place right then and there for the audience. Sheet music was invented in the 15th century as a method of notating exactly which notes should be played and for how long, enabling other musicians to replay what the composer created. Then, one orchestra could play the same song as another one across the country, but a live performance was still required to actually turn those notes into audible music.

The first device that enabled the recording of live music was the phonautograph (Fig. 1), invented in 1857 by Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville, a French inventor. The device worked by funneling sound through a horn and then over a thin membrane, which was stretched tight like a drum. The membrane was attached to a small reed that engraved an image of the sound waves into a hand-cranked cylinder. While this device did not allow the user to play back the recording, it did set the standard for how to record music.

In 1877, Thomas Edison advanced the idea of the phonautograph with his own invention called a phonograph, which allowed the device to replay the recorded sound (Fig. 2). His invention followed the same basic principles as Scott de Martinville's device, using a stylus moved by a vibrating membrane to etch waveforms into a rotating cylinder.

However, Edison's creation could also replay the audio through a reverse process. To replay, the needle would move based on the scratches in the rotating cylinder, vibrating the membrane to produce a sound that was amplified through a large horn. These cylinders were eventually replaced with 7-16 inch diameter flat discs called albums or records [1]. See our flash animation video (Fig. 3) to visualize the phonautograph's playback process.

Vinyl Albums

The vinyl albums that many are familiar with today stemmed from this evolution of mechanical sound reproductions. The gramophone of 1889 replaced the rotating cylinder with a flat vinyl disc rotated beneath the recording needle. This change essentially finalized the now-common disc design seen in records everywhere. In fact, even today many people are still snatching up records wherever they can find them because of the high sound quality and accompanying collector's booklets [2].

So how is sound recorded onto vinyl albums? Sound is initially encoded into a soft material called lacquer using a sharp needle that carves spiral grooves into the circular base using a sound signal to guide it. Both sides of the lacquer are usually recorded upon in order to make the most use of the record's size. When all of the desired sound is recorded, both lacquer layers are placed on either side of a polyvinyl chloride disc and sandwiched together, fusing them into the final product.

The spiral grooves are the key to reproducing the recorded sound and replaying it for the user. The record is placed on a turntable (Fig. 4), a flat surface with a rotating shaft in the center and a stylus similar to that found on a phonograph. As the turntable rotates the disc at a constant speed (decided based on the type of record), the stylus tracks the spiral grooves, vibrating with the fine inscriptions recorded into the lacquer (Fig. 5). These vibrations are transmitted back up the stylus and amplified by a tightened membrane, producing sound into a cone-shaped horn (Fig. 3).

This basic technology has remained the same for years, apart from a few minor changes along the way. For example, now most record players actually convert these vibrations into electric signals that are passed into a speaker system for amplification. This lets the user control more of the details of the sound, such as volume or digital effects. Another advanced trend that has become popular with audiophiles is that of laser reading for records. Just like a laser optical mouse, which uses an infrared laser to detect movement, this device shines a laser at the record and creates the sound signal based off of what data is reflected back to the receiver. The laser is also significant because it can actually read some damaged records, as it is able to register the grooves of the record without making physical contact [3].

Cassette Tapes

Magnetic cassette tapes were developed as a new way to record, distribute, and replay audio at a high fidelity. Commercialized in the late 1940s by John T. Mullin and pitched to Hollywood as a novel way to record movie soundtracks, the driving force behind the magnetic tape was actually actor Bing Crosby. Because of the high quality of the recording, Crosby was able to record his show ahead of time, freeing him from the pressures of live performance. As a result, he pitched a series of high-profile investments and endorsements that enabled this technology to become popular and widely-used throughout homes and inside automobiles [4].

Cassette tapes work with a long, thin strip of plastic (a standard tape is about 433 feet long, affording approximately 90 minutes of playtime). This strip is coated in a magnetic powder called ferric oxide (Fe ₂O ₃), as well as a dry lubricant to reduce abrasions against the tape. Music is recorded into the tape through a magnetic head that receives a signal from the sound source. As the signal fluctuates based on details in the audio, it powers an electromagnet that magnetizes the ferric oxide adjacent to the head. The tape scrolls past this head at 1.875 inches per second and records constantly as it goes. In order to double storage space, these tapes can also record a second track of audio running parallel and adjacent to the first one [5].

Playback works the exact same way as recording and even uses the same hardware. This time, as a point in the tape passes by the electromagnetic head, the magnetized ferric oxide layer inducts current back into the head. This current then passes to the speaker system, which uses it to produce sound (Fig. 3).

Cassette tape technology has proven to be quite versatile and has been employed for a variety of uses. For example, "multi-track recording" involves recording several sets of audio on each tape, allowing stereo or even surround sound playback by piping each of these tracks to an individual speaker [6]. These tapes can also be used as large-scale data storage for non-audio purposes. With current technology, a tape drive can store up to 1.5 terabytes of data and is often used by businesses as a reliable back-up solution for the company's data [7].

Compact Discs

The compact disc, or CD, was developed by Sony and Philips as a new project in the early 1980s to revolutionize the digital audio scene. Much of this technology was built off of Philips' earlier research into audio discs, then called Audio Long Plays. Sony contributed its hefty engineering might to this project and worked with Philips to design the detailed specifications of the compact disc into five books [8]. Between the two companies, a number of different engineering issues were approached and solved, including design decisions such as the sampling frequency and how to accurately store and reliably read a large volume of data. The CD was quickly accepted among the general population as a great replacement to the cassettes and albums the public was used to. Artists rapidly started converting their catalogs from analog to digital form for this new technology, and with this support the digital music revolution took off [9].

CDs work using digital signals instead of analog ones. In analog signals, values of a signal are measured in infinitely small values because every piece of the signal is used. However, in a digital system, the raw signal is only sampled once for each increment of time. For example, reading a signal at 6 Hz would mean taking a signal's value six times per second, or once every one-tenth of a second. In addition, these values are stored entirely in binary representation using only 1's and 0's [10].

In terms of physical composition, a CD is constructed of three thin layers. The first is a protective plastic layer that allows users to print pictures or write on the disc. The second is a fine aluminum layer where the actual data of the disc is stored. Finally, the third layer is a clear plastic lacquer that covers the aluminum and gives the disc its shiny appearance. Data is stored on a CD through a series of indentations in the aluminum called bumps and stripes. These are organized in a tightly-wound spiral moving from the center of the disc outwards [11].

Data is read off the CD using a laser. As the disc spins, the laser shines on the disc and reflects back into a sensor (Fig. 6). If the laser shines on a bump, it scatters away from the sensor, registering as a "0" to the audio system. However, if it hits a smooth stripe, the beam reflects into the sensor, which notes that position as a "1". By accumulating massive quantities of "1"s and "0"s, a digital-to-analog converter can reconstruct this digital signal into an analog one that can be used by speakers to create music [12].

In order to retain high audio quality, the system must be able to recreate the original analog signal as closely as possible. As mentioned earlier, digital signals are created by sampling the value of the original sound at certain increments. Shannon's Sampling Theorem, a standard equation used in signal processing, states that in order to exactly recreate an analog signal, the signal must be sampled at a rate that is at least twice the value of the highest frequency found in the signal [13]. Because the human ear can generally only hear frequencies up to about 20 kHz (20,000 Hz), this would mean that a CD would have to be sampled at at least 40 kHz. Incidentally, the universal sampling frequency for CDs is 44.1 kHz, more than enough to recreate the original sound at high quality.

The Digital Future

Today, music reproduction has transitioned overwhelmingly into digital recordings, stored as MP3 files on computers. With the ability to buy songs from online stores like iTunes, people have recently traded in their CDs in favor of convenience and the ability to purchase individual songs. As a result, CD sales are slowly slipping as more digital songs are purchased each year. According to Nielsen studies, 2009 was part of a nine-year slide in CD sales, whereas online song downloads during the same period have increased by 37%, often attributed to consumers' desire for music instantly and affordably [14]. Given these trends, it is estimated that by 2012 digital downloads will finally eclipse CDs in terms of sales income. Luckily though, society has always had a niche for the older technologies, whether it is the audiophile with the album collection, the teenager with the tape deck in his old car, or families replaying CDs accumulated over the years. These are all still timeless treasures in the musical world; without the development of these technologies, the progression to today's digital downloads would not be possible. After reading this article, hopefully you too can appreciate the admirable engineering accomplishments that allow you to hear your favorite band from Europe playing in your room in California without having to break a sweat.

References

[1] G. Plummer. "The Short History of Audio/Video Technology." Ampliozone. Internet: http://amplioaudio.b​logspot.com/2007/05/​short-history-of-aud​iovideo-technology.h​tml, May 2, 2007, [Oct. 3, 2010].

[2] K. Dell. "Vinyl Gets Its Groove Back." Time Magazine. Internet: http://www.time.com/​time/magazine/articl​e/0,9171,1702369,00.​html, Jan. 10 2008, [Oct. 2, 2010].

[3] M. Anderson. "Give Your Records a Break." IEEE Spectrum, Mar. 2009: pp. 24.

[4] J.T. Mullin. "Creating the Craft of Tape Recording." High Fidelity Magazine. April 1976: 62-7.

[5] C.R. Nave. "Tape Recording Process." Georgia State University Hyperphysics. Internet: http://hyperphysics.​phy-astr.gsu.edu/hba​se/audio/tape.html, 2005, [Oct. 6, 2010].

[6] F.E. Sadnes, Frode Eika. "Efficient Large-scale Multichannel Audio Coding." Warsaw: Proc. of Euromicro Conference, IEEE, 2002, pp. 392-99.

[7] R.H. Dee. "Magnetic Tape Recording Technology and Devices." Albuquerque, NM: Proc. of Nonvolatile Memory Technology Conference, IEEE, 1998, pp. 55-64.

[8] "The history of the CD - the beginning." Philips. Internet: http://www.research.​philips.com/technolo​gies/projects/cd/ind​ex.html [Mar. 3, 2012].

[9] "How the CD Was Developed." BBC News. Internet: http://news.bbc.co.u​k/2/hi/6950933.stm, Aug. 17, 2007, [Oct. 6, 2010].

[10] C.E. Wills. "Analog v. Digital Transmission." Department of Computer Science. Worester Polytechnic Institute. Internet: http://web.cs.wpi.ed​u/~cs513/s07/week2-p​hyscont.pdf, 2006, [Oct. 6, 2010].

[11] "The history of the CD - the technology." Philips. Internet: http://www.research.​philips.com/technolo​gies/projects/cd/tec​hnology.html [Mar. 3, 2012].

[12] M.W. Davidson. "History of the Compact Disc." Electricity and Magnetism. Florida State University. Internet: http://micro.magnet.​fsu.edu/electromag/c​omputers/compactdisc​s/cd.html, Jan. 28, 2003, [Oct. 6, 2010].

[13] J.H. McClellan, R.W. Schafer, and M.A. Yoder. "Sampling and Aliasing." Signal Processing First. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2003, pp. 71-100.

[14] B. Ritholtz. "CD Sales Continue Freefall in 2009." The Big Picture. Internet: http://www.ritholtz.​com/blog/2010/01/cd-​sale-free-fall-conti​nued-in-2009, Jan. 7, 2010, [Oct. 6 2010].

Chemical Engineering Food & Drink Issue I Lifestyle Volume III

Computer Science Entertainment Most Popular

Communication Computer Science Electrical Engineering Issue I Volume VI

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Spread the Sound: A Brief History of Music Reproduction

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Computer Science Electrical Engineering Issue II Lifestyle Material Science Volume XIII About the Author: Kevin Crane Advancements in technology over the last 150 years have allowed people to spread music throughout the world by recording sound into a physical form and replaying it at their convenience.

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"Grammy Award for Best Recording Package." Wikipedia. Accessed March 17, 2025.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Recording_Package.

Sometimes Wikipedia has exactly what I need! This is a comprehensive list of every winner of Best Recording Package, which will give me insight into what is considered the best of the best from the Grammy (and Western) perspective.

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Grammy Award for Best Recording Package - Wikipedia

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The Grammy Award for Best Recording Package is one of a series of Grammy Awards presented for the visual look of an album. It is presented to the art director of the winning album. An art director in the context of a music album is a professional responsible for overseeing the visual aspects of the album’s production.

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The Art of Brat: How design has proved itself fundamental to conversations about youth, gender and politics

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The Art of Brat: How design has proved itself fundamental to conversations about youth, gender and politics

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Heathcote, Ella. "The Art of Brat: How design has proved itself fundamental to conversations about youth, gender and politics." Epigram. Last modified September 26, 2024. Accessed March 17, 2025. https://epigram.org.uk/the-art-of-brat-how-design-has-proved-itself-fundamental-to-conversations-about-youth-gender-and-politics-2/.

This article is about the design and popularity behind the Charli XCX album, brat. This album is a perfect example of iconic packaging and a recognizable brand that permeated every corner of the internet and the real world.

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The Art of Brat: How design has proved itself fundamental to conversations about youth, gender and politics

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Brat is the sensation of the summer, and its cover is a disaster. Charli XCX’s sixth studio album embodies a messy, club-going, un-self-conscious lifestyle; a welcome return for the ‘recession pop’ of the late 2000s and early 2010s, headed by artists like Kesha, Rihanna and Lady Gaga. Charli defined the

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Ten Album Covers That Changed World Music

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Ten Album Covers That Changed World Music

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Moss, Chris. "Ten Album Covers That Changed World Music." Songlines. Last modified August 3, 2021. Accessed March 17, 2025. https://www.songlines.co.uk/features/ ten-album-covers-that-changed-world-music.

This source specifically talks about design behind album covers for people looking to break into the Western market, which dominated in album sales.

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Ten Album Covers That Changed World Music

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Chris Moss selects ten album covers that changed the world music scene, featuring Buena Vista Social Club, Fela Kuti and Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

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Revolution to Dissolution: ‘The White Album’s’ Techniques, Packaging, and Songwriting as a Reflection of The Beatles and Their Influence

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Revolution to Dissolution: ‘The White Album’s’ Techniques, Packaging, and Songwriting as a Reflection of The Beatles and Their Influence

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Jones, Kevin. “Revolution to Dissolution: ‘The White Album’s’ Techniques, Packaging, and Songwriting as a Reflection of The Beatles and Their Influence.” Interdisciplinary Literary Studies 22, no. 1–2 (2020): 31–51. https://doi.org/10.5325/intelitestud.22.1-2.0031.

This article will give me information about The Beatles' The While Album, which was one of their most influential albums. The Beatles were a global sensation, so it only makes sense that their album packaging would be a good reflection of the times.

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Revolution to Dissolution: ‘the White Album’s’ techniques, packaging, and songwriting as a reflection of The Beatles and their influence on JSTOR

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Kevin Jones, Revolution to Dissolution: ‘the White Album’s’ techniques, packaging, and songwriting as a reflection of The Beatles and their influence, Interdisciplinary Literary Studies, Vol. 22, No. 1-2, SPECIAL ISSUE: The White Album: Looking through a Glass Onion (2020), pp. 31-51

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Unboxing Girls' Generation 소녀시대 2nd Korean Studio Album Oh! 오!

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Unboxing Girls' Generation 소녀시대 2nd Korean Studio Album Oh! 오!

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"Unboxing Girls' Generation 소녀시대 2nd Korean Studio Album Oh! 오!" Video. YouTube. Posted by Tina Davidsson, December 23, 2017. Accessed March 17, 2025. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLHb8rwY-Fs.

"Oh!" was the first K-pop album to popularize the idea of photocards, which are a common collection item for K-pop fans everywhere. This video shows everything included in the album. This will be important for speaking about consumerism and collecting.

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Unboxing Girls' Generation 소녀시대 2nd Korean Studio Album Oh! 오!

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This Is Your Brain On Vinyl, and Other Tales From Obsessive Collecting in the Pandemic

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This Is Your Brain On Vinyl, and Other Tales From Obsessive Collecting in the Pandemic

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Juzwiak, Rich. "This Is Your Brain On Vinyl, and Other Tales From Obsessive Collecting in the Pandemic." Jezebel. Last modified July 28, 2021. Accessed March 17, 2025. https://www.jezebel.com/this-is-your-brain-on-vinyl-and-other-tales-from-obses-1847254970.

This article delves into the mind of a consumer specifically relating to vinyl sales. Vinyls have had a recent uptick in popularity and it is helpful to know why people want to collect them so bad.

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FRANK SINATRA 'ONLY THE LONELY' ORIGINAL 1958 VINYL LP, W-1053 CAPITAL

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FRANK SINATRA 'ONLY THE LONELY' ORIGINAL 1958 VINYL LP, W-1053 CAPITAL

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"FRANK SINATRA 'ONLY THE LONELY' ORIGINAL 1958 VINYL LP, W-1053 CAPITAL." Ebay. Accessed March 18, 2025. https://www.ebay.com/itm/186634220351.

This vinyl was the first to win a Grammy for album packaging, so I think it would be useful for me to know what it looked like.

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FRANK SINATRA “ONLY THE LONELY” ORIGINAL 1958 VINYL LP, W-1053 CAPITAL | eBay

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Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for FRANK SINATRA “ONLY THE LONELY” ORIGINAL 1958 VINYL LP, W-1053 CAPITAL at the best online prices at eBay! Free shipping for many products!

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Unboxing J-HOPE JACK IN THE BOX Digital Album (Weverse Preorder)

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Unboxing J-HOPE JACK IN THE BOX Digital Album (Weverse Preorder)

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"Unboxing J-HOPE JACK IN THE BOX Digital Album (Weverse Preorder)." Video. YouTube. Posted August 1, 2022. Accessed March 18, 2025. https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=GfOOCBtpV80.

This was the first K-pop album that did not include an actual CD and instead had a link to a digital streamer with higher quality sound than other streaming services. This was a big moment in K-pop packaging because even though you were ordering "music", you got nothing physically.

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Unboxing J-HOPE JACK IN THE BOX Digital Album (Weverse Preorder)

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Kangberry. "Update SOUR Vinyl Collection." Reddit, 2023. Accessed March 18, 2025. https://www.reddit.com/r/OliviaRodrigo/comments/195hc6w/update_sour_vinyl_collection/.

Olivia Rodrigo was a big hand in the resurgence of vinyls, especially with her album Sour. This shows how many variants there are of one album, all with the same tracks.

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From the OliviaRodrigo community on Reddit: Update SOUR Vinyl Collection

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Explore this post and more from the OliviaRodrigo community

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"How Do Cassette Tapes Work?" Video. YouTube. Posted November 29, 2022. Accessed March 18, 2025. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZ52yUyWvIg.

This video talks about the history of cassette tapes and how they work. They were a median between vinyls and CDs.

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Are you for reel? How the Compact Cassette struck a chord for millions

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Are you for reel? How the Compact Cassette struck a chord for millions

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Dormon, Bob. "Are you for reel? How the Compact Cassette struck a chord for millions." The Register. Last modified August 30, 2013. Accessed March 18, 2025. https://www.theregister.com/2013/08/30/ 50_years_of_the_compact_cassette/.

This article provides history about cassette tapes and how they became available and popular to the public.

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Are you for reel? How the Compact Cassette struck a chord for millions

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From fuss-free audio tape recording to Walkmans, it’s all in your head

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"Toto IV." Discogs. Accessed March 18, 2025. https://www.discogs.com/release/ 992431-Toto-Toto-IV?srsltid=AfmBOoqAvSwJoYVoyYFxNeMbHvOdTQXTFOUif30yBzVEw2xn52e8dZrj.

This is a cassette release of Toto's album Toto IV. This website has multiple photos of the album's design.

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View credits, reviews, tracks and shop for the 1982 Cassette release of “Toto IV” on Discogs.

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Brandle, Lars. "UMGI Revamps CD Jewel Boxes." Billboard, July 29, 2006, 17.

This article is from the height of CDs in the 2000s. They are discussing the popularity of "deluxe" albums and how this will affect the future of music.

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In its 114th year, Billboard remains the world’s premier weekly music publication and a diverse digital, events, brand, content and data licensing platform. Billboard publishes the most trusted charts and offers unrivaled reporting about the latest music, video, gaming, media, digital and mobile entertainment issues and trends.

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"Green Day – American Idiot." Discogs. Accessed March 18, 2025. https://www.discogs.com/release/ 393121-Green-Day-American-Idiot.

This is a CD release of Green Day's American Idiot, the band's most popular album and one of the most iconic and recognizable album designs of the 2000s.

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View credits, reviews, tracks and shop for the 2004 CD release of “American Idiot” on Discogs.

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NEWJEANS 1ST EP ALBUM NEW JEANS BAG VER. | LIMITED EDITION

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NEWJEANS 1ST EP ALBUM NEW JEANS BAG VER. | LIMITED EDITION

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"NEWJEANS 1ST EP ALBUM NEW JEANS BAG VER. | LIMITED EDITION." KPOPUSA. Accessed March 18, 2025. https://www.kpopusaonline.com/product/newjeans-1st-ep-album-new-jeans-bag-ver-limited-edition-pre/.

This is one of the most unique package designs I've seen. NewJeans released an album that was in a functional purse that fans could bring around.

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NEWJEANS 1ST EP ALBUM NEW JEANS BAG VER. | LIMITED EDITION

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Condition: Brand New / Factory Sealed / Official Album * Region of Manufacture: Republic of Korea ( South Korea) * Release Date: 08/09/2022 * Album type: NEWJEANS 1ST EP ALBUM NEW JEANS BAG VER.|…

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RED VELVET THE REVE FESTIVAL 2022 BIRTHDAY CAKE VER

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RED VELVET THE REVE FESTIVAL 2022 BIRTHDAY CAKE VER

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"RED VELVET THE REVE FESTIVAL 2022 BIRTHDAY CAKE VER." KPOPUSA. Accessed March 18, 2025. https://www.kpopusaonline.com/product/red-velvet-the-reve-festival-2022-birthday-cake-ver-pre/.

This is a K-pop album that was released in the form of a cake, since the album was called Birthday. Each version is based off of one of the five members for collection purposes.

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RED VELVET THE REVE FESTIVAL 2022 BIRTHDAY CAKE VER. - We can guarantee your version!

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"Daryl Hall & John Oates – H₂O." Discogs. Accessed March 18, 2025. https://www.discogs.com/release/ 1153642-Daryl-Hall-John-Oates-H₂O?srsltid=AfmBOoq01mj7SvgI8RBuWdj8Zie9FiTEwl_tVKT6-JGRV2_1GQmI3k40.

This is a cassette release of the album H₂O. The album cover is iconic.

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View credits, reviews, tracks and shop for the 1982 Cassette release of “H₂O” on Discogs.

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Fin.K.L White 2nd Album Korean K-Pop Dance Pop CD

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Fin.K.L White 2nd Album Korean K-Pop Dance Pop CD

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"Fin.K.L White 2nd Album Korean K-Pop Dance Pop CD." Ebay. Accessed March 18, 2025. https://www.ebay.com/itm/116070199333.

This is a K-pop album released in 1999, one of the first big groups to get popular. It is a CD release, but it also had a cassette release.

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Fin.K.L White 2nd Album Korean K-Pop Dance Pop CD | eBay

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BUT, IF YOU’RE IN A HURRY?. It will take 4-8 weeks for your item to arrive from Hawaii. If there is a flaw, it will be stated under details.