# data[].attributes.headline
Exploring the gendered issues faced by working women in Singapore

# data[].attributes.subject
Exploring the gendered issues faced by working women in Singapore

# data[].attributes.body
Institutional frictions

Equal opportunities in academic and professional institutions [see: White Paper on Singapore's Women Development]

Social expectations

Motherhood penalty vs Fatherhood bonus

The "hidden layer"

Women eclipsed by their male counterparts – present throughout the hierarchy but rarely at the top

# data[].attributes.headline
How do that affect/influence female(she/her) designers and their practice, identity and visibility in Singapore's design discourse and history?

# data[].attributes.subject
How do that affect/influence female(she/her) designers and their practice, identity and visibility in Singapore's design discourse and history?

# data[].attributes.body
Practice

What kind of jobs in the design field – corporate? freelance? independent? retired?

High risk, low reward

Identity

Is there a "feminine" style? Is it political/radical?

Is there a significance in style, techniques, message?

Is there creative control? Code-switching? Imposter syndrome?

Visibility

Where are they?

Do they get the same recognition or accolades?

Do they get the same opportunities? Exposed to the same platforms? Included in the conversations?

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Rakow, L. and Wackwitz, L. Feminist CommunicationTheory. Thousand Oaks (Cal): Sage Publications, 2004.

# data[].attributes.body
Introduces the themes in feminist communication theory – difference, voice & representation

Devices for meaning-making of the human experience

Difference: “questions the political and philosophical underpinnings and consequences of difference (a) between gender and (b) among women”

Voice: “feminist work examining the ways in which women have been silenced or have asserted and claimed their speaking rights in social, political and intellectual contexts.”

Representation: “The readings included in this section scrutinize these problematic systems of representation by exploring the political and material consequences of attempting to represent groups or positions other than one’s own”

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
WHERE PUBLIC MEETS PRIVATE: THE LOS ANGELES WOMAN’S BUILDING by Teal Triggs

# data[].attributes.headline
[Archive] Independence: The History of Graphic Design in Singapore since the 1960s, 2012

# data[].attributes.subject
[Archive] Independence: The History of Graphic Design in Singapore since the 1960s, 2012

# data[].attributes.body
book

# data[].attributes.body
website: https://graphic.sg/gallery

# data[].attributes.headline
[Exhibition] Class Acts: A Brief History of Singapore's Creative Dawn and its Pioneers (1990s-2000s)

# data[].attributes.subject
[Exhibition] Class Acts: A Brief History of Singapore's Creative Dawn and its Pioneers (1990s-2000s)

# data[].attributes.body
physical exhibition

# data[].attributes.headline
[Exhibition] Fifty Years of Singapore Design

# data[].attributes.subject
[Exhibition] Fifty Years of Singapore Design

# data[].attributes.body
physical archive: https://designsingapore.org/national-design-centre/fifty-years-of-singapore-design-exhibition/

# data[].attributes.headline
[Report] White Paper on Singapore's Women's Development - Reach 2022

# data[].attributes.subject
[Report] White Paper on Singapore's Women's Development - Reach 2022

# data[].attributes.body
more info: https://www.reach.gov.sg/Participate/conversations-on-singapore-womens-development

# data[].attributes.headline
[Report] AWARE Report July 2021 An Omnibus on Gender Equality

# data[].attributes.subject
[Report] AWARE Report July 2021 An Omnibus on Gender Equality

# data[].attributes.headline
Are the female designers using their platforms/privilege for women issues?

# data[].attributes.subject
Are the female designers using their platforms/privilege for women issues?

# data[].attributes.body
How do they dismantle the system not created for them?

Is there a sisterhood? A "girls club"?

# data[].attributes.headline
Where are the female designers in Singapore?

# data[].attributes.subject
Where are the female designers in Singapore?

# data[].attributes.attachment_caption
Holland, DK. Design Issues: How Graphic Design Informs Society. New York, Allworth, 2002.

# data[].attributes.headline
Design Issues: How Graphic Design Informs Society, 2002

# data[].attributes.subject
Design Issues: How Graphic Design Informs Society, 2002

# data[].attributes.body
more info: https://blog.readymag.com/designing-women-in-house-histories-7c9ffa0e2425

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Designing women - a project by Readymag exploring the impact of women in design.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A project by Readymag exploring the impact of women in design

# data[].attributes.headline
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods, 2008

# data[].attributes.subject
The SAGE Encyclopedia of Qualitative Research Methods, 2008

# data[].attributes.body
Chapters:
"Artifacts"
"Case Study"
"Feminist Epistemologies"
"Feminist Research"
"Gender Issues"
"Identity"
"In-depth Interview"
"In-person Interview"
"Representation"
"Research Design"

# data[].attributes.body
- The introduction will talk about the undocumentation of women in art/design history and discourses.
- How the lack of visibility affects the design culture socially.
- take references from art history (into design history)
- the purpose of histography as a form of ideology and meaning-making
- to liberate the practice of female designers
- to understand the identity of female designers/practitioners in Singapore

1. the institutional friction:
readings from Nochlin and Pollock describe in detail how the struggle for excellence and recognition for women artists (and by extension women designers) is a structural problem within the institution
- of which includes the inequality in labor wages
- the discredit of art style
- assumed homogeny