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The computers of first generation used vacuum tubes as the basic components for memory and circuitry for CPU

Inventor
The first computer was invented by Charles Babbage (1822) but was not built until 1991! Alan Turing invented computer science. The ENIAC (1945) was the first electronic general-purpose digital computer, it filled a room

Physical Nature
It had a rotating drum, a little bigger than a paint can, that had small capacitors on it. For temporary calculations, it contained twenty 10-digit registers, and its size was around 30.5 meters (100 feet) long. Weighing five tons, and consisting of about 750,000 separate parts

Functional Nature
Its first task was doing calculations for the construction of a hydrogen bomb. A portion of the machine is on exhibit at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.

How has the first computer changed over time?

Computers have evolved and advanced significantly over the decades since they originated. Many years ago, in their most rudimentary form, computers were very large and slow. Gradually, computers have become smaller and faster, enabling people to use them virtually anywhere.

Malfunction
1. Very Big size and can not portable.
2. Air Conditioning is require.
3. Very Costly.
4. Consumed a large amount of energy.
5. They heated very soon due to thousands of vacuum tubes.
6. They were not very reliable.

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A transistor computer, now often called a second-generation computer, is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes.

Inventor
Working under Tom Kilburn at England's Manchester University, Richard Grimsdale and Douglas Webb demonstrated a prototype transistorized computer on November 16, 1953.

Physical Nature
The Second generation of computers are much more smaller in size than the first generation computers. It used Transistor to help.

Functional Nature
These second-generation machines were used for a wide variety of business and scientific jobs and used high-level programming and assembly languages such as FORTRAN

Malfunction

Smaller in size: The Second generation of computers are much more smaller in size than the first generation computers.

Change in circuits: The main change is the use of transistors in place of vacuum tubes( Vacuum tubes are used in first generation of computers).

Power/ Energy Requirement: The second generation of computers requires less amount of energy (i.e. electricity) compared to the first generation of computers and produces less heat than the first-generation computer.

Language used: Assembly language is used instead of Machine Language(used in first-generation computers) for programming in computers.

Speed: Calculation of data could be done in microseconds.

Cost: The cost of Second-generation computers is reduced in comparison to first-generation computers

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Third generation computers were computers that emerged due to the development of the integrated circuit (IC). They were the first steps toward computers as we know them today.

Inventor
It was developed by Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor and Jack Kilby (American electrical engineer) of Texas Instruments in 1958.

Physical Nature
Their main feature was the use of integrated circuits, which allowed them to be shrunk down to be as small as large toasters. The keyboard is with the computer like 1st and 2nd generation.

Function Nature
These Third-Generation purpose is the same as the 2nd generation. it were used for a wide variety of business and scientific jobs.

Characteristics of Third Generation Computers:

As compared to previous generations, the third generation computers were more reliable, fast, efficient, less expensive, and smaller in size.

In third generation computers, high-level programming languages were used such as BASIC, PASCAL, ALGOL-68, COBOL, FORTRAN – II, PASCAL PL/1.

The punch cards were replaced with mouse and keyboards.

The integrated circuit technology replaces the use of individual transistors.

The computers have high storage capacity.

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Computers of fourth generation used Very Large Scale Integrated (VLSI) circuits. VLSI circuits having about 5000 transistors and other circuit elements with their associated circuits on a single chip made it possible to have microcomputers of fourth generation.

Inventor
It was produced in 1975 by Micro Instrumentation Telemetry Systems labeled as a personal computer; PC. Ed Roberts, the head of MITS, designed it using a Intel 8080 CPU chip (first 16- bit microprocessor) and a sleek metal case.

Physical Nature
This Generation look exactly almost same as third generation but the size has been made to be smaller faster and cost less then third generation.

Function Nature
Fourth generation computers became more powerful, compact, reliable, and affordable. As a result, it gave rise to Personal Computer (PC) revolution. In this generation, time sharing, real time networks, distributed operating system were used.

Malfunction

They were designed to be used for a wide range of purposes (general-purpose computers).

Smaller and more dependable than previous generations of computers.

There was very little heat generated.

In many circumstances, the fourth-generation computer does not require a cooling system.

Portable and less expensive than previous versions.

Computers from the fourth generation were significantly quicker than those from previous generations.

The Graphics User Interface (GUI) technology was used to provide users with better comfort. During this time, PCs became more inexpensive and widespread.

Repair time and maintenance costs are reduced.

They were also created with the intention of being used in commercial production.

In this form of computer, any type of high-level language can be employed.

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The Epson HX-20 was the first "true" laptop computer. Released in 1981 the Epson HX-20 was one of these units that could maybe claim the title of the first laptop. The hardware for its time was innovative.

Inventor
It was invented in July 1980 by Yukio Yokozawa, who worked for Suwa Seikosha, a branch of Japanese company Seiko, receiving a patent for the invention.

Physical Nature
Its tiny screen 120 x 32 pixel LCD screen wasn't really up to word processing but there was a full 16K 8-bit computer there under the hood. The size is like IPad Nowaday.
The weight of the HX-20 was about 1.6 kg

Function Nature
Its function and pure are a photograph and photo editing. long battery life and the possibility to use hardware extensions.

Malfunction

Epson HX-20 were more reliable, fast, efficient, less expensive, and smaller in size

The longer battery and faster charge make it be on of the best technology in that time.

Have alot more features than old version and alot more useful

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Macintosh Portable is a portable computer designed, manufactured, and sold by Apple Computer, Inc. from September 1989 to October 1991. It is the first battery-powered Macintosh, which garnered significant excitement from critics, but sales to customers were quite low.

Inventor
Apple Computer, Inc invented this computer in 1989 and sold it until 1991.

Physical Nature
Weight 16 pounds (7.2 kilograms) and 4 inches (10 centimetres) thick, the Portable was a heavy and bulky portable computer. The main contributor to the Portable's weight and bulk was its lead-acid battery.

Function Nature
The Mac was designed to provide users with a natural, intuitively understandable, and, in general, "user-friendly" computer interface.

Malfunction

The Macintosh Portable was replaced by Powerbook in 1991 due to its large size, heavy weight, and expensive price. The fatal flaw in the Macintosh Portable battery design made this Apple portable computer completely dead if the battery fully discharged even when plugged into an AC power.

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The IBM ThinkPad series became wildly popular after its launch in 1992. It ditched the ugly backside earlier laptops had and instead folded completely in half: display on top, keyboard on the bottom. Additionally, ThinkPad was notable for TrackPoint, a tiny pointing device built in to the keyboard to maneuver the mouse on screen.

Inventor
Arimasa Naitoh, the inventor of the ThinkPad and the VP of Development for Lenovo's worldwide notebook division, has moved to quell fears that the sale of IBM's PC division to China-based Lenovo would result in a reduction in quality levels.

Physical Nature
At 10.4 inches, Weights 5.9 lbs it was impressively large by 1992 standards. Only later, would that come to be considered on the dinky side. IBM even manufactured the ThinkPad's hard disk, which you could pop out from a hatch in the front of the notebook.

Function Nature
It was marketed as a data entry tablet for hospitals, health care providers, and field operation workers.

Malfunction

The only cons given about the 700 series by some reviews was the increased weight and size, along with the more expensive price tag and lower battery life.

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FGCS (Fifth Generation Computer System) (1982-Now)

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FGCS (Fifth Generation Computer System) (1982-Now)

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Japan was invented the FGCS (Fifth Generation Computer System). Computers of this generation are based on microelectronic technology with high computing power and parallel processing. This is the most recent and technologically advanced computer generation

Inventor
The Fifth Generation Computer Systems (FGCS) was a 10-year initiative begun in 1982 by Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) to create computers using massively parallel computing and logic programming.

Physical Nature
These computers are substantially smaller in size than other generation computers. They are lightweight and easy to move.

Function Nature
The primary goal of the fifth generation is to create machines that can learn and organize themselves. Artificial intelligence and parallel processing hardware are at the heart of this generation of computers, and artificial intelligence encompasses terms like Robotics, Neural Networks, etc.

Malfunction

They’re usually sophisticated but could be difficult to use.
They can give businesses additional power to monitor your activities and potentially infect your machine.

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The MacBook Air is a line of ultrabook computers developed and manufactured by Apple Inc. It consists of a full-size keyboard, a machined aluminuim case, and, in the more modern versions, a thin light structure. The Air was originally positioned above the previous MacBook line as a premium ultraportable.

Inventor
Steve Jobs unveiled the MacBook and MacBook Pro in 2006. Apple had made the decision to move towards using Intel CPUs in its computers.

Physical Nature
The entry-level MacBook Pro's display is exactly 13.3-inches in size, which is considerably smaller than the 14.2-inches and 16.2-inches of the high-end models. Weight 3.0 pounds (1.4 kg) and Height 0.61 inch.

Function Nature
The main purpose of Mac book is to give users a very powerful mobile computer, which is lighter than previous designs and gives users a very high-resolution display. The other purpose is too make it easier to carry your computer around.

Malfunction

Macbook have so many unique features, but the price is always an issue with all Apple products.
When compared to Windows, it is hard to find Apple Macbook software. This issue is undoubtedly the most significant cons of Macbooks in that the software is incompatible with Windows. It makes it very challenging for the users as quite a lot of Windows data cannot run on Macbook. Macbooks may be pretty pricey; still, they are a popular choice because of their quality and efficiency. If money had not been an issue, many more users around the globe would prefer a Macbook.

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Hologram Laptop is the portable laptop that used Hologram Technology. The product was made from Aluminum Alloys and can protect from water. The size of the Laptop is 20 cm Height and 30 cm Height and 30 cm Width. This Laptop has charger in itself. The batter can stay for 3 hours

Physical Function
Hologram Laptop has the same size as toast machine with 20 cm height, 30 cm width and 4 lb weight. The screen will be around 40-60 cm (you can change the size of screen in the setting).The Color and the appearance can be set at setting application or a the shop. The product made from Aluminum (same as the metal that used to make phone).

Function Nature
This Hologram Laptop is very useful due to its very small can can be put in a small bag. However due to it size, come with the storage problem. The Laptop was designed to make it easy to use for most people.

Manlfunction

Due to it size, make it has very low storage and short battery.

The cost will be high due to its the first
Hologram portable Laptop.