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c. 2000 BCE: The Dawn of Greek Mythology

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c. 2000 BCE: The Dawn of Greek Mythology

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Greek mythology began to take shape around 2000 BCE. These myths were used by the ancient Greeks to explain the world around them, including natural phenomena, the origins of their customs, and the universe itself. The tales of gods and heroes, such as Zeus, Hera, and Heracles, became central to Greek culture.

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c. 1600-1100 BCE: The Mycenaean Civilization

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c. 1600-1100 BCE: The Mycenaean Civilization

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The Mycenaean civilization, which flourished on the Greek mainland, is known for its impressive palatial centers, such as Mycenae and Pylos. The Mycenaeans were heavily influenced by the Minoans and are considered the earliest Greeks due to their use of the Greek language.

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Following the fall of the Mycenaean civilization, Greece entered a period known as the Dark Ages. During this time, writing was lost, and there was a significant decline in population and literacy. However, this era eventually gave way to the Archaic Period.

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The Archaic Period saw the rise of city-states, known as poleis, and the beginning of colonization across the Mediterranean. This period was marked by significant developments in politics, economy, and culture, including the creation of the first Greek alphabet.

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The first recorded Olympic Games were held in 776 BCE in Olympia. These games were a series of athletic competitions among representatives of various Greek city-states and were held in honor of Zeus. The Olympics became a crucial part of Greek culture and heritage.

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The Greek city-states united to defend against the Persian Empire during the Persian Wars. Key battles, such as the Battle of Marathon and the Battle of Thermopylae, demonstrated the resilience and strategic prowess of the Greeks. These wars ultimately ended with a Greek victory, preserving their independence.

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The Classical Period is considered the high point of Greek culture and achievement. Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle made significant contributions to Western thought. The Parthenon was built during this time, symbolizing the zenith of ancient Greek architectural and cultural achievement.

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The Peloponnesian War was a protracted conflict between the Athenian Empire and the Spartan League. The war ended with the defeat of Athens, which significantly shifted the balance of power in ancient Greece and led to a period of instability.

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c. 334-323 BCE: Alexander the Great's Conquests

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c. 334-323 BCE: Alexander the Great's Conquests

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Alexander the Great, the King of Macedonia, embarked on an extraordinary campaign of conquest across Asia. By the time of his death in 323 BCE, he had created one of the largest empires in history, spreading Greek culture and influence throughout the known world.

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The Roman Republic gradually expanded its influence over Greece, culminating in the Battle of Corinth in 146 BCE. The defeat of the Greek city-states led to Greece becoming a part of the Roman Republic, marking the end of the Hellenistic period and the beginning of Roman domination.