# data[].attributes.body
Name: José Uchôa

Email: gescilam@usp.br

Career Stage: Graduate student

Affiliation: University of São Paulo

DOI: 10.1029/TR022i003p00734

@gescilam.bsky.social

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In 1940, Theis highlighted the fallacy of the concept of "safe yield" in his paper titled “The Source of Water Derived from Wells: Essential Factors Controlling the Response of an Aquifer to Development”. In a subsequent paper published in 1941, he proposed a first-order method for estimating the capture fraction of a well. Although these papers are more than 80 years old, it seems to me that the concept of capture fraction is still overlooked in many studies and pieces of water-management legislation around the world. I recommend reading Theis to all my colleagues who are interested in integrated water resources management.

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Name: Rob Rioux

Email: rob.rioux@yale.edu

Affiliation: Yale University

Career Stage: PhD Candidate

Social Media: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rob-rioux/

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Dunne and Black. 1970. Partial Area Contributions to Storm Runoff in a Small New England Watershed.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/WR006i005p01296

Dunne and Black’s 1970 paper from Sleepers River Research Watershed, Vermont, transformed hydrology by showing that storm runoff is generated from small, dynamic saturated source areas rather than uniformly across hillslopes. The resulting variable source area concept fundamentally changed how hydrologists think about runoff generation, linking runoff processes to catchment structure and organization. Just as importantly, the study emerged from careful field experimentation in one of hydrology’s most influential observational watersheds. Hydrologists should read this work not only for its paradigm-shifting findings, but also as a reminder that long-term catchment observations can reveal processes that theory alone cannot predict.

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Name: Steve Jamie

Email: s.jam@au.edu

Career Stage: Graduate student

Affiliation: Coweeta University

Social Media: s.jam on BlueSky

DOI: doi.org/10.1029/JZ068i004p01081

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I came across the Hewlett and Hibbert (1963) paper during my graduate program. This study provides one of the earliest experimental investigations of subsurface flow processes in deep soils under a humid temperate climate. Its central contribution is highlighting the dominance of soil moisture and lateral flow in storm runoff generation, extending our conceptual understanding beyond overland flow. Equally significant is its demonstration that antecedent soil moisture conditions sustain baseflow and streamflow during extended dry periods, a mechanism that had been rarely documented before. As such, this study is a must-read for all researchers interested in runoff generation mechanisms.

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Swyngedouw, E., 1997. Power, nature, and the city. the conquest of water and the political ecology of urbanization in Guayaquil, Ecuador: 1880–1990. Environment and Planning A, 29, 311–332. doi:10.1068/a290311

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Swyngedouw, E., 1997. Power, nature, and the city. the conquest of water and the political ecology of urbanization in Guayaquil, Ecuador: 1880–1990. Environment and Planning A, 29, 311–332. doi:10.1068/a290311

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Name: Gabriela Freitas

E-mail: gsf.br@hotmail.com

Affiliation: Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)

DOI: 10.1068/a290311

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While Swyngedouw does not use the term sociohydrology, a field that only gained formal recognition after 2010, I believe he anticipates its core tenets by framing water circulation as a "socio-natural process" in which political and ecological systems are inseparable.

Although the paper does not focus on technical hydrological processes, it is a canonic text because it explores how the co-evolution of power, social classes and hydrological engineering "domesticates" nature. By analyzing water as a "flow of social power," Swyngedouw highlights the bidirectional feedbacks between infrastructure development and social stratification. This focus on socio-ecological transformation mirrors the central sociohydrological principle of dynamic, coupled human-water systems.

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Alexis Tran

atran1463@sdsu.edu

San Diego State University, Undergraduate

https://www.linkedin.com/in/alexisytran/

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https://doi.org/10.1080/02626669409492752

This review tells a story of the collective effort to understand hydrological processes through early remote sensing (RS). This is important because it demonstrated the potential of RS in simulation and forecasting. This identified the progress of RS and data processing since this paper was published. At the time, RS had limitations that required further research to improve accuracy and consider a wide variety of variables. Further developments, such as new satellite missions offer higher spatial resolution, temporal resolution, and faster data availability that is preferable for emergency management such as flood mapping.

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The paper is the starting point of my first chapter dissertation project.

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Application for TC Student Competition 2026

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Application for TC Student Competition 2026

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I came across this paper while conducting WEAP model analysis for water resources evaluation of the Awash River Basin in Ethiopia, which formed the first chapter of my PhD dissertation entitled "Climate Resilient Mitigation Options for Inefficient Small-Scale Irrigation Practices: The Case of the Upper Awash" at Addis Ababa University.

The paper gave me a starting idea to consider catchment methods in scenario development. Prior to this, my approach was scheme focused. The paper's emphasis on catchment hydrology broadened my perspective, leading me to incorporate upstream-downstream linkages, watershed dynamics, and integrated water management into my modeling framework. This shift significantly enhanced my dissertation, enabling the development of more robust, climate-resilient mitigation options tailored to small-scale irrigators in the Upper Awash Sub-Basin.

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Name: Owees Rashid

Email: owees20@iitk.ac.in

Affiliation: Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India

Career Stage: PhD Candidate

Social Media:

https://www.linkedin.com/in/owees-rashid-16ab4b186/

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1029/WR013i003p00637

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Title: Regionalized drought flow hydrographs from a mature glaciated plateau

The work of Brutsaert and. Nieber (1977) goes well beyond the original study, serving as the foundation for modern investigations of groundwater storage, catchment functioning, storage–discharge relationships, and groundwater-flow modelling. By introducing a physically interpretable framework linking streamflow recession to catchment subsurface drainage, the study transformed baseflow recession analysis from an empirical exercise into a powerful diagnostic tool for understanding catchment hydrology. The concepts introduced in this paper continue to shape hydrological research, making it one of the most influential contributions to streamflow recession hydrology.

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Dalston J. Karto

dkarto7361@sdsu.edu

San Diego State University,

Graduate

www.linkedin.com/in/d-j-karto-36bba9293

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https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666609493457

This paper literally and figuratively deepened our understanding of the post-fire runoff problem. DeBano and Krammes' showed that wildfires can create a water-repellent layer beneath wettable soil surfaces that blocks downward infiltration. This mechanism helps explain how rainfall on burned watersheds can become rapid runoff and erosion. By tying fire temperature, exposure time, soil chemistry, and infiltration response together, the study reframed burned watersheds as vertically reorganized hydrologic systems and not merely bare hillslopes responding only to lost vegetation and exposed soil.

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WATER REPELLENT SOILS AND THEIR RELATION TO WILDFIRE TEMPERATURES

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Richards, L. A. (1931). Capillary Conduction of Liquids Through Porous Mediums. Physics, 1, 318–333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1745010

Name: Fatemeh (Kamelia) Karimi
Email: fatemeh.karimi@utdallas.edu
Affiliation: The University of Texas at Dallas
Career Stage: PhD Student in Geosciences
Social Media: https://www.linkedin.com/in/ftmhkarimi
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1745010

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Entry:
Richards (1931) made an important contribution to hydrology by helping transform unsaturated flow from a descriptive soil-water problem into a physically based process. By combining Darcy’s law with capillary potential, hydraulic conductivity, moisture capacity, gravity, and conservation of mass, Richards provided a framework for describing how water moves through variably saturated porous media. This paper should be read by hydrologists because infiltration, redistribution, drainage, groundwater recharge, and soil-water storage all depend on the principles formalized in this work. The ideas introduced in this paper remain central to vadose-zone hydrology.

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Name: Kartikey Premnath Mehar

Email: ce24d903@smail.iitm.ac.in

Career Stage: PhD Student / Graduate Student

Affiliation: IIT Madras

Social Media: www.linkedin.com/in/kartikey-mehar-2630211a2 on Linkdin

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1085(199705)11:6%3C587::AID-HYP479%3E3.0.CO;2-P

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Before Singh's review, entropy applications in hydrology were scattered across dozens of isolated studies with no common framework. This paper unified them for the first time, organizing the field into three clear categories: statistical applications (such as frequency analysis, network design, and flow forecasting), physical applications (such as rainfall-runoff modeling, infiltration, and velocity distribution), and mixed approaches (such as reliability analysis of water distribution systems). It organized a lot of scattered research into one clear guide. It became the ultimate reference for anyone using entropy theory in hydrology, and it is still shaping the field today.

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Hydrological Processes - 1999 - SINGH - THE USE OF ENTROPY IN HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES

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https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1029/WR007i005p01160

Rebecca Gustine

rgustine@ldeo.columbia.edu

Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory

Postdoc

@beccagustine.bsky.social

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This paper should be read because it is important for understanding snowmelt runoff processes. In many regions where snowmelt is the primary source of streamflow and water resources, understanding how snow ends up as water in streams is critical for understanding how these processes may be affected by climate change.

# data[].attributes.body
Name : Jesus Ortiz

Email :jo768@msstate.edu

Career Stage : Graduate student

Affiliation : Mississippi State University

Social Media : www.linkedin.com/in/jrog2002

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Asymptotic Determination of Runoff Curve Numbers from Data.

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1993)119:2(334)

For decades, the Curve Number was often treated as a fixed value taken from tables, as if a watershed could be reduced to a single number based mainly on land use and soil type. Hawkins (1993) changed that view. By showing that event-based CN values vary with storm depth and tend toward an asymptotic condition during larger storms, he revealed that CN is not merely a lookup parameter but a window into how watersheds actually generate runoff. This opened the door to data-driven CN calibration, diagnosis of watershed response patterns, and comparison between observed and tabulated CN values. The study remains highly used because it gives hydrologists a practical way to obtain more stable CN estimates from rainfall–runoff records. Today, its ideas support regional CN studies, model calibration, performance evaluation, and the identification of unrealistic runoff behavior.

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Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

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Publication: Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

Abstract

Background, general instructions, and examples are given for determining runoff curve numbers (CN) from small watershed event rainfall and direct runoff data sets. The technique matches rank‐ordered (i.e., sorted) rainfall and runoffs, which preserves the return‐period matching between the rainfalls and the runoffs. Usually a secondary trend of CN with the storm rainfall itself emerges, and three different patterns are observed; complacent, standard, and violent. The standard and violent cases lead to a constant CN with increasing storm size, but the complacent case does not lead to a stable determination of curve number. Some measures of asymptotic attainment to the fitting equations and to the hydrologic definition of the watershed are also given.

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References

1.

Babu, R., and Dhruva Narayana, V. V. (1983). "Estimation of runoff from small watersheds of Doon Valley." IE(I) J., 64(Oct.), 1-4.

3.

Hawkins, R. H. (1961). "A study to predict storm runoff from storm characteristics and antecedent basin conditions," MS thesis, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colo.

12.

Hope, A. S. (1980). "Estimation of catchment moisture status for the SCS stormflow model," MS thesis, University of Natal, South Africa.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering

Volume 119 * Issue 2 * March 1993

History

Published online: Mar 1, 1993

Published in print: Mar 1993

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Authors

Affiliations

Richard H. Hawkins, Member, ASCE

Prof., Watershed Res. Program, School of Renewable Natural Resour., Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721

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# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Asymptotic Determination of Runoff Curve Numbers from Data | Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering | Vol 119, No 2

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Background, general instructions, and examples are given for determining runoff curve numbers (CN) from small watershed event rainfall and direct runoff data sets. The technique matches rank‐ordered (i.e., sorted) rainfall and runoffs, which preserves ...

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Name: Yichen Tao

Email: yichen.tao@wisc.edu

Career Stage: PhD Candidate

Affiliation: University of Wisconsin-Madison

Social Media: https://www.linkedin.com/in/yichen-t-b248911b3/

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Janusz Niemczynowicz. 1999. Urban hydrology and water management - present and future challenges. Urban Water. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1462-0758(99)00009-6

This is one of the earliest papers I read when I started my research in urban hydrology. The paper recognized that cities face interconnected challenges involving stormwater, flooding, water supply, sanitation, pollution, public health, and sustainability. It gave me a broader and more comprehensive view of the field, which was new to me at the time. It also encouraged me to think critically about urban water problems as systemic challenges rather than isolated technical issues.

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Name: Xiying Sun

Email: sunxiying7@tamu.edu

Affiliation: Texas A&M University

Career stage: PhD student

Social media: https://www.linkedin.com/in/xiying-sun-06aa28288/

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2541(99)00031-5

Before Gaillardet et al. (1999), tracing how different rocks break down and end up in rivers was more art than science. By working backwards from what is dissolved in river, they decoded contributions of different sources across 60 largest rivers, yielding the first reliable estimates of how fast continents dissolve and how much CO₂ rocks pull from atmosphere. Crucially, this is not a climate story alone: physical erosion keeps dissolution alive by continuously exposing fresh surfaces to water. For hydrologists, it reframes river discharge not just as a volume, but as a record of the landscapes it moves through.

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Name: Adriane Hövel

Email: adriane.hoevel@ufz.de

Affiliation: Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ)

Career stage: Postdoc

Social media: https://www.linkedin.com/in/adriane-h%C3%B6vel-42b12a211/

DOI: 10.1029/WR022i09Sp0046S

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Dooge (1986) shows how methods long used in other disciplines can help advance the study of hydrological processes. Analytical mechanics, statistical mechanics, and systems theory offer different approaches to studying complex systems, each with its own strengths and limitations. He argues, however, that identifying regularities and laws in hydrology is especially difficult because fully controlled experiments are rarely possible, unlike in other disciplines. He also highlights two core aims of the field: understanding and prediction, which can both aid the evaluation of extreme events.

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Blueprint for a physically-based, digitally-simulated hydrologic response model

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Blueprint for a physically-based, digitally-simulated hydrologic response model

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Name: Piyush Dahal

Email: pd24m@fsu.edu

Affiliation: Florida State University

Career stage: PhD Student

Social Media: https://x.com/pysdhl

Freeze, R. A., and Harlan, R. L. (1969). “Blueprint for a physically-based, digitally-simulated hydrologic response model.” Journal of Hydrology, 9(3), 237–258, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(69)90020-1

Freeze and Harlan’s 1969 paper, “Blueprint for a physically-based, digitally-simulated hydrologic response model,” helped transform hydrology from empirical rainfall–runoff prediction toward process-based, spatially distributed simulation. The paper showed how surface flow, subsurface flow, infiltration, evapotranspiration, and storage could be represented within an integrated physical framework. This vision shaped later watershed models, land-surface models, and flood forecasting systems. Hydrologists should read it because many tools we now use to simulate catchment response, climate impacts, and hydrologic extremes trace their conceptual roots to this work.

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Name: David Martindale

Email: dmartindale4286@sdsu.edu

Career Stage: Undergraduate Student Researcher

DOI: No DOI, Published in IAHS before DOI's

Citation: Nash, J. E. (1957). The Form of the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph. IAHS Publication No. 45 (General Assembly of Toronto), 114–121.

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This paper is considered seminal because it introduced the Nash Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph (IUH), a mathematical model that represents how rainfall is transformed into runoff in a watershed. Before Nash’s work, many hydrograph methods were largely empirical. Nash proposed a physically meaningful conceptual model in which a watershed behaves like a series of linear reservoirs connected in sequence.

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Anderson 1955_double mass analysis fire and peak flows Santa Ynez

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Name: Dannian Osmer

Email: dannianosmer21@gmail.com

Career Stage: Undergrad

Affiliation: Southwestern College

Major: Civil Engineering

Social Media: www.linkedin.com/in/dannian-osmer-463522344

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1029/TR036i001p00119

This paper talks about how short-term data records are unreliable for predicting long-term flood frequencies and reservoir sedimentation if a watershed has been affected by land use changes or wildfires. The main question asked was “are the data all really comparable throughout the period of record?”. Using the double-mass analysis method, they were able to compare peak discharges, total annual discharge, and reservoir sedimentation before and after fires. The paper is influential with hydrology because it points out that disturbances in watersheds cause inconsistency in historical records. Double-mass analysis provides structure for adjusting the influence of wildfires and watershed changes.

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Anderson 1955_double mass analysis fire and peak flows Santa Ynez (1)

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Jana Impreso

jimpreso6921@sdsu.edu

San Diego State University, Undergraduate

Jana Impreso | LinkedIn

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https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667909491834

This paper by Bevin and Kirby (1979) presents a topography-based hydrological forecasting model for small and medium-sized basins. This model uses topographic images of the basin and combines both simple lumped parameter models and the detailed distributed models to help predict runoff at ungauged sites.

This study is important because it was one of the first models to use topography as a tool to understand the hydrologic process of a catchment. The model has been a base for complex studies and models, and is now often coupled with numerical models, including USGS MODFLOW to provide better predictions of the full hydrologic cycle

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A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology Un modèle à base physique de zone d'appel variable de l'hydrologie d

# data[].attributes.body
Name: Sean Mark Magat

Email: @sm1175422@swccd.edu

Career Stage: Undergraduate

Affiliation: Southwestern College

Major: Astronomy/Astrophysics

Social Media: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sean-mark-m

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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1991)103<0504:FSTIRT>2.3.CO;2

This paper by Florsheim is important because it shows that the response to chaparral wildfire in southern California is not a large debris flow, but rapid delivery of fine gravel by dry ravel and its transport by ordinary moderate storms. It shows how sediment temporarily filled a channel after the 1985 Wheeler Fire and was then flushed out by the next flood, and that dating older debris-flow deposits that occur only every few hundred years. The authors demonstrate that fire greatly lowers the threshold for sediment movement. Hydrologists should read it for its clear field measurements linking hillslope processes to channel change, which remain useful for estimating post-fire sediment yields and assessing flood risk in fire-prone landscapes.

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Name: Ramya Chandrasekaran

Email: rchandrasekara1597@sdsu.edu

Affiliation: San Diego State University

Career Stage: Graduate Student

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/rmychndrskrn/

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DOI:10.1139/F80-017

The River Continuum Concept (RCC) is a cornerstone of evaluating stream ecology. Before the RCC, waterways were studied in isolated sections and overarching processes across a waterway were overlooked. The 1980 seminal paper published by Vannote, Minshall, Cummins, Sedell, and Cushing sets forth the RCC which describes a river system as an interconnected series of energy and geomorphological fluxes affecting biological factors, emphasizing longitudinal connectivity. The RCC facilitates comprehensive investigations of geomorphology, fish and invertebrate communities, and nutrient sources across the length of the river and over time; this can influence environmental considerations and project development that affect waterways.

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As the specific humidity deficit rises from about 2 to 8 g kg-1, atmospheric demand roughly quadruples, yet transpiration under the observed resistance stays near 0.15 mm h-1.

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Roberts, J. (1983). Forest transpiration: A conservative hydrological process? 

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Roberts, J. (1983). Forest transpiration: A conservative hydrological process? 

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Roberts’ title is a question. His answer unsettled me: eleven northwest European forests, differing in species, site, and method, all transpiring near 333 mm annually, with a coefficient of variation of only 10.6%, far below potential evaporation. Forests appear to regulate water loss through stomatal feedback, while understories compensate for canopy differences and soil moisture often has little effect. As a researcher studying forest–water relationships in Uruguay, I find this especially provocative. Read it because it inverts the question: rather than asking why forests differ in water use, it asks why they remain so remarkably similar, and where that regulation finally breaks.

Name: Gina Dogliotti

Email: gdoglio@ncsu.edu

Affiliation: Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

Career stage: 2nd year PhD student

Website:

https://www.linkedin.com/in/gina-dogliotti/

Paper:

Roberts, J. (1983). Forest transpiration: A conservative hydrological process? Journal of Hydrology, 66(1–4), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(83)90181-6