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Coping Strategies and Personality Profile Characteristics of People Whose Parents Were Alcohol Addicts 

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Coping Strategies and Personality Profile Characteristics of People Whose Parents Were Alcohol Addicts 

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Source Cited:

Lutsenko A. M., (2020). Coping Strategies and Personality Profile Characteristics of People Whose Parents Were Alcohol Addicts. Behavioral Sciences, 10(1), 1-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7016738/pdf/behavsci-10-00032.pdf

Key ideas:

Adult children of alcohol addicted parents tend to feel more guilt, like they feel they’re to blame for their parents drinking

These children tend to use “escape-avoidance” strategies to cope, which is essentially just running away from the stress or distracting themselves with something else

Parents may lead them into growing addiction themselves or developing other psychological issues

Connects to theme:

When children of alcoholics grow up they experience guilt and other emotions such as not feeling great about themselves

Having bad coping mechanisms to help their stress such as running away from their problems

May struggle with new life because of uncertainty

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Parental Substance Abuse As an Early Traumatic Event. Preliminary Findings on Neuropsychological and Personality Functioning in Young Drug Addicts Exposed to Drugs Early 

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Parental Substance Abuse As an Early Traumatic Event. Preliminary Findings on Neuropsychological and Personality Functioning in Young Drug Addicts Exposed to Drugs Early 

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Source cited:

Parolin M., Simonelli A., Mapelli D., Sacco M., Cristofalo P., (2016). Parental Substance Abuse As an Early Traumatic Event. Preliminary Findings on Neuropsychological and Personality Functioning in Young Drug Addicts Exposed to Drugs Early. Frontiers in Psychology, 16(7), 1-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4909766/pdf/fpsyg-07-00887.pdf

Key ideas:

Parental substance use is a big negative affect on child development

They are at risk for facing long term behavioral and learning challenges which can lead to their own substance use issues later on

Trauma in early life or childhood from substance exposure can have a big effect on the child's development

Data showed children exposed to drug use in their childhood were more likely to be addicts themselves and develop psychological problems.

Connects to theme:

Adverse trauma experiences during childhood affects cognitive and psychological development

Slows academic progress and overall functioning

Children are at risk for developing a substance use themselves which can create even more psychological issues

Alcoholic parents create a bad environment for kids

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The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice  

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The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice  

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Source Cited:

Lander L., Howsare J., Byrne M., (2013). The Impact of Substance Use Disorders on Families and Children: From Theory to Practice. Soc Work Public Health, 28(0), 194-205. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3725219/pdf/nihms-496858.pdf

Key ideas:

Substance Use Disorders in parents significantly affect families and children

Substance use negatively impacts emotional and behavioral issues, leading to poor outcomes for children and adults with SUDs

For example, the attachment theory says that a parent's attachment system through alcohol or other drugs affects their ability to form healthy relationships with their children.

A parent with a SUD may miss chances to become a healthy parent, increasing the child's stress and mental illness

There's also a family systems theory where the unstable environment can affect normal development in a child

One person's SUD can mess up the whole family.

Connects to theme:

If there is a parent experiencing an SUD in a childs life, the type of parenting the child receives can affect relationships with friends and future children and partners

Also affecting the emotional and physical well being of the child

Child maltreatment/child doesn't feel safe/loved

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Fathers’ alcohol use and suicidal behaviour in offspring during youth and young adulthood 

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Fathers’ alcohol use and suicidal behaviour in offspring during youth and young adulthood 

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Source Cited:

Landberg J., Danielsson A-K., Hemmingsson T., (2019). Fathers’ alcohol use and suicidal behaviour in offspring during youth and young adulthood. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 140(6), 563-573. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6899547/pdf/ACPS-140-563.pdf

Key ideas:

Father’s alcohol use can increase the chances of their children participating in suicidal behavior during their youth and young adulthood

The highest risk is normally for kids who have fathers that are sent away or constantly being admitted to the hospital for alcohol related reasons

Kids might struggle with emotional distress from the unstable environment which can lead to suicidal practices

Connects to theme:

Explains the adverse effects a severe alcoholic parent can have on a child leading to suicidal behaviors later on

Unhealthy environment leads to emotional issues and trauma

Child may feel alone which increases their risk in suicidal behaviors

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“I Feel It In My Heart When My Parents Fight”: Experiences of 7–9-YearOld Children of Alcoholics 

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“I Feel It In My Heart When My Parents Fight”: Experiences of 7–9-YearOld Children of Alcoholics 

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Source Cited:

Tinnfält A., Fröding K., Larsson M., Dalal K., (2018). “I Feel It In My Heart When My Parents Fight '': Experiences of 7–9-YearOld Children of Alcoholics. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 35(5), 531-540. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6133169/pdf/10560_2018_Article_544.pdf

Key ideas:

Young children with alcoholic parents experience many emotional burdens

They're dealing with stuff no kid should experience, like feeling responsible for their parents and the family's well-being, and that can be a lot as a child

As these kids are carrying an emotional burden, they desire for a happier life with better mental health as well as a healthy family life and stable parents

Affects their own family relationships and social life during school

Connects to theme:

When looking at childhood experiences, since children are so affected by their parents drinking problem, they wish for a better life

They want to have a fun childhood without feeling embarrassed and having negative mental health affects

Wish they didn't have to parent

Wish people wouldn't talk about it at school

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The effect of the severity of parental alcohol abuse on mental and behavioral disorders in children 

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The effect of the severity of parental alcohol abuse on mental and behavioral disorders in children 

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Source Cited:

Raitasalo K., Holmila M., Jääskeläinen M., Santalahti P., (2018). The effect of the severity of parental alcohol abuse on mental and behavioral disorders in children. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(7), 913-922. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6647416/pdf/787_2018_Article_1253.pdf

Key ideas:

The use of parental alcohol abuse is related to mental and behavioral disorders in children

Alcohol abuse in parents was shown to be associated with an increased risk of many disorders in children

Growing up in an environment where alcohol is a big issue, it can have a significant impact on children's well-being and lifestyle

Children left without help + support because of unstable parent

Connects to theme:

Emotional and behavioral disorders were more likely present in children with alcoholic parents

Unstable housing and dangerous areas can affect the children

Showing how alcohol can affect the parent’s lifestyle, which can lead to children having to take on parental responsibilities

The mother is struggling themselves

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Anxiety, depression, self‑esteem among children of alcoholic and nonalcoholic parents 

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Anxiety, depression, self‑esteem among children of alcoholic and nonalcoholic parents 

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Source Cited:

Omkarappa D. B., Sreevani Rentala., (2019). Anxiety, depression, self‑esteem among children of alcoholic and nonalcoholic parents. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care., 8(2), 604-609. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6436308/pdf/JFMPC-8-604.pdf

Key ideas:

Around the world many children are exposed to at least one parent with a binge drinking disorder

Kids are left in a vulnerable position being around such influential behavior

Children of alcoholics are way more likely to face mental health challenges such as anxiety, depression and low self esteem

Exposure to alcohol abuse in the family can lead to many physiological problems in the child's life.

Connects to theme:

Specifically touches on the mental health issues children can experience from a parent with an AUD

Touches on social life + how a child may experience lower self esteem (more insecure)

These mental health disorders can carry onto later life and affect development

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Source cited:

Dejong K., Olyaei A., Lo J. O., (2019). Alcohol Use in Pregnancy. Clin Obstet Gynecol, 62(1), 142-155. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7061927/pdf/nihms-1553210.pdf

Key ideas:

Drinking alcohol while pregnant can lead to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, which can create physical, behavioral, and learning problems

More specifically, a range of issues like reduced intelligence, attention disorders, neuropsychological deficits, physical abnormalities, sleep disorders, and behavioral problems

The effects of FASD are lifelong and there's no cure, but treating it early on can help with fixing the conditions

Mothers also may experience genetic mutations and premature death

Connects to theme:

If a mother drinks during pregnancy, their child may develop FASD which can create long term effects for their child

FASD disrupts development in the child’s life

In the short term, children may experience premature death and other factors that may slow development

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The Secondary Harms of Parental Substance Use on Children’s Educational Outcomes: A Review 

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The Secondary Harms of Parental Substance Use on Children’s Educational Outcomes: A Review 

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Source cited:

Lowthian E., (2021). The Secondary Harms of Parental Substance Use on Children’s Educational Outcomes: A Review. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 15(3), 511-522. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9360289/pdf/40653_2021_Article_433.pdf

Key ideas:

Parental substance use through alcohol or drugs can have negative effects on children's educational outcomes

This study found problems in children's grades, behavior, attendance, and how kids see themselves academically

More specifically, they had found children of substance-using parents often have lower grades and are more likely to struggle

However, it helps when children may see school as a safe space because it can provide support through tough times

Connects to theme:

Showing how children of alcoholics fall behind in school which can affect academic progress

Also explains how harsh the emotional struggle is living with an addict and how it affects how children do in school

Anger or behavioral issues is seen as coping strategies for kids

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The effects of maternal alcohol use disorders on childhood relationships and mental health

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The effects of maternal alcohol use disorders on childhood relationships and mental health

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Source cited:

Wolfe J. D., (2016). The effects of maternal alcohol use disorders on childhood relationships and mental health. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, 51(10), 1439-1448. https://research-ebsco-com.d128.idm.oclc.org/c/w6kocx/viewer/pdf/ldbn7vhrwb?auth-callid=23e9b248-44c4-929f-9d18-1b59acee0250

Key ideas:

Parental AUDs are shown to disrupt a child's social and family connections, leading to mental health challenges

Kids with moms struggling with AUD often have tougher relationships with siblings and friends, face more negativity at school, and live in less supportive neighborhoods

When a parent has an alcohol use disorder, it can make it harder for children to create positive relationships, which can increase their risk for anxiety, depression and other issues

Connects to theme:

Explaining the short term and long term effects of relationships from children with a parent with AUD

It can affect childhood relationships because they were born into a negative environment and more prone to mental health issues

Can also affect children as they get older romantically because of the issues they grew up with.

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All 4 of these sources agree with each other by focusing on the theme of mental health. They all show how unstable parents can have a significant impact on a child's well-being. Ranging from self-esteem to depression to behavioral disorders. All 4 sources present different ideas and perspectives from different professions.

Source 1: depression as well as social life and self esteem coming from nurses

Source 2: touches on overall mental and behavioral disorders coming from a range of professors

Source 3: dives into suicidal behaviors among children of alcoholic fathers from lecturers

Source 4: coping mechanisms for stress + children feeling guilty/low self-esteem from science analysts

All of them accurately portray the relationship between parental alcohol use and poor mental health

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All 4 of these sources contribute to the theme of negative relationships by showing that an alcoholic can create an unstable family life and a negative parent-child relationship while also explaining relationships extend to negative friendships and romantic partners because of many issues the child may have experienced.

Source 1: Children are left without support and important relationships coming from a sociologist

Source 2: Adult women during pregnancy lack support + relationships from doctors and midwives

Source 3: Child is embarrassed and wishes for better life from a nurse

Source 4: family lifestyle is impaired affecting relationships from social workers

Coming together all of these sources provide evidence that living with alcoholic parents can really affect the child in the long run. Growing up with bad relationships can affect support and may even leave the child without help.

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Adverse childhood experiences, such as living with an unstable parent, can detrimentally affect the psychological and emotional development of children, leading to long-term consequences in their mental health, development, and relationships.

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It's important to understand the complexity of children living with alcoholic parents. There are two problems in which the child AND the parent need support. Without support, there will be everlasting consequences on the child because of parental binge drinking. Issues such as negative relationships which are formed from the parent being absent and leaving the child with constant maltreatment affecting them socially. Poor mental health is then seen across these children, which comes from the child constantly feeling alone and having to take on adult responsibilities. This emotional burden affects child development in which it slows academic progress and sets the child up for a risk of their own substance use disorder. All which set up the child for a rocky life in the long-term. Experiencing tough times in childhood, like growing up in an unstable environment can really mess with the kids mental and emotional growth. This burden of stress stays with them in the long run, disrupting how they act, handle their feelings, and overall well-being.

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CONNECTION FROM MENTAL HEALTH TO DEVELOPMENT

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CONNECTION FROM MENTAL HEALTH TO DEVELOPMENT

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Mental health is really important when looking at child development. When a child has good mental health, they are more likely to report positive self-esteem, create positive relationships, and perform well in school. However, when children experience mental health issues such as anxiety or depression it can slow their overall development. It might affect their academic progress, brain development, and risk for substance use disorders themselves.

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CONNECTION FROM RELATIONSHIPS TO CHILDREN'S WELL-BEING

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CONNECTION FROM RELATIONSHIPS TO CHILDREN'S WELL-BEING

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When children have negative relationships, it can significantly impact their overall well-being. In an environment with constant issues and maltreatment can lead to feelings of sadness, anxiety, and low self-esteem in a child because they don't feel safe or loved. A bad relationship with a parent, can also affect their social skills, making it harder for the child to form positive friendships and relationships.

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These sources and my connections between these sources provide meaningful information towards my theme of poor children's well-being. They all focus on how living in an unstable environment with an unstable parents can have many emotional and psychological affects on children. Children may feel alone, feel like things are their fault, and experience behavioral issues. These may lead to serious long-term affects.

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These sources and my connections between these sources provide meaningful information towards my theme of child development. When a child grows up or is born with an unstable or absent parent it can create many issues affecting how the child develops. Many disorders happen from an alcoholic mother during pregnancy and on top of that, just the emotional burden affects the child for the worst.

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These 4 sources agree with each other because they all help to develop the theme of slower child development. They all in a way show how living with a parent can affect their academic progress, brain development, and risk for developing a substance use disorder themselves.

Source 1: childhood education struggles coming from lecturers

Source 2: independence among offspring increases chances of death from biology researchers

Source 3: explains effects of a child from a mother during pregnancy coming from many different professions in microbiology

Source 4: trauma in childhood can affect the child later in life from psychologists

Overall, they all provide valuable different ideas in order to support this theme. The trauma and emotional burden on the child can affect their development in many ways. Whether it's being born with FASD or experiencing the affects during school or as they get older.

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These sources and my connections between these sources provide meaningful information towards my theme of negative relationships. They all connect and show how being a child of an alcoholic can really affect your family and social life. Children may struggle with support because of the bad relationship with their parent or experience issues with friends because of not getting a proper model of how to socially act.

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How can adverse childhood experiences of living with an unstable parent negatively contribute to the psychological and emotional development of children?

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Adult Daughters of Alcoholic Parents—A Qualitative Study of These Women’s Pregnancy Experiences and the Potential Implications for Antenatal Care Provision 

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Adult Daughters of Alcoholic Parents—A Qualitative Study of These Women’s Pregnancy Experiences and the Potential Implications for Antenatal Care Provision 

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Source Cited:

Johnsen H., Juhl M., Møller B. D., Lichtenberg V., (2022).  Adult Daughters of Alcoholic Parents—A Qualitative Study of These Women’s Pregnancy Experiences and the Potential Implications for Antenatal Care Provision. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 1-16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8950929/pdf/ijerph-19-03714.pdf

Key ideas:

Adult daughters of alcoholic parents have increased health risks and mental health problems because of their childhood

Childhood experiences with parental alcohol abuse affects women during their pregnancy

Women often don’t have close relationships with their parents or friends and lack the support they need, so they rely on their partners

These women expressed worries about their baby's health, lack of control during pregnancy, and about becoming a mother.

Connects to theme:

Adult women of alcoholics during pregnancy struggle in many ways because of their child life

They lack support

Parents don't understand/negative relationships

Worrying + anxiety

Health issues

Being a good mother because of the unstable environment growing up

May experiences sexual abuse - mentally scarred

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Predator-induced fear causes PTSD-like changes in the brains and behavior of wild animals 

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Predator-induced fear causes PTSD-like changes in the brains and behavior of wild animals 

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Source cited:

Zanette L. Y., Hobbs E. C., Witterick L. E., MacDougall-Shackleton S. A., Clinchy M., (2019). Predator-induced fear causes PTSD-like changes in the brains and behavior of wild animals. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1-10.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6685979/pdf/41598_2019_Article_47684.pdf

Key ideas:

Animals mirror how humans develop PTSD after traumatic events

Behaviors developed from PTSD can also make it harder for parents to find food which can impact their chances of survival and their ability to reproduce

Parent’s fear can directly affect their kids, just like in human families where stress can impact parenting and children's well-being

Since the parents are so scared, it can actually lead to their offspring having a lower chance of surviving because they go off on their own

Connects to theme:

Explaining animal models and other characteristics are similar to those of humans.

Mental health and its effects on animals and their children is similar to the mental health aspect of substance abuse on parents and its effects on children

Parents being scared leads to less reproducing, more children going off on their own, and increased chance of death among offspring

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Context + Introduction + Focus (Problem Statement)

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Context + Introduction + Focus (Problem Statement)

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When looking into families living with an individual with a substance abuse disorder, more than six million families struggle. More specifically, millions of children grow up with at least one alcoholic parent (Westman). A child from Stockholm explains a personal experience, “When she’d been drinking lots of beer and tried to go to bed and fell over I’d help her. Sheleaned on me and walked to bed. I undressed her, pulled off her socks (giggles) but I couldn't because she...And then at night she woke up sober...and didn’t remember anything” (Hagströmaand). This child is taking on responsibilites and burdens no child should ever have to deal with. Many of these children including the one portrayed also experience everlasting effects in their life in the long term. These issues range from negative relationships to poor mental health and slow child development. There is a need for intervention for substance using individuals in order to provide support for these vulnerable children.