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One of the main reasons why it is important to select materials that allow you to teach vocabulary and grammar at the same time is contextual understanding. By teaching vocabulary and grammar in real-life scenarios, students understand how these components work together in real life, which facilitates comprehension and retention.

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In addition, integrated language learning is promoted. Here grammar and vocabulary are interconnected components that allow meaning to be transmitted. They are a means to have effective communication.

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On the other hand, students develop their ability to communicate effectively because they learn to use language correctly in various situations, because they know how language works and can adapt it to each context.

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Furthermore, choosing well the resources that we are going to use allows us to provide flexibility in student learning. Which helps them better assimilate the new vocabulary and apply grammar correctly.

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1. Activating Prior Knowledge: Before engaging with a text, readers activate their prior knowledge related to the topic. This can help them make connections, predict content, and understand context, which enhances comprehension.

2. Predicting: Readers use clues from the text to make predictions about what might happen next or what the text might be about.

3. Visualizing: This strategy involves creating mental images based on the descriptions provided in the text.

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1. Monitoring Comprehension: Effective readers recognize when they don't understand something and employ strategies like re-reading, summarizing, or asking questions to clarify meaning and resolve confusion.

2. Making Connections: Readers connect the information in the text to their own experiences, other texts they've read, or knowledge from various domains.

3. Summarizing: It involves synthesizing the main ideas and key details of a text in one's own words.

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1. Activating Prior Knowledge: Before engaging with a text, readers activate their prior knowledge related to the topic. This can help them make connections, predict content, and understand context, which enhances comprehension.

2. Predicting: Readers use clues from the text to make predictions about what might happen next or what the text might be about.

3. Visualizing: This strategy involves creating mental images based on the descriptions provided in the text.

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1. Questioning: Effective readers ask themselves questions about the text as they read. These questions can be about the main idea, supporting details, author's purpose, or implications of the information presented.

2. Inferring: Inferring involves drawing conclusions or making educated guesses based on the information presented in the text and one's background knowledge.

3. Reflecting and Evaluating: After reading, readers reflect on what they've learned, evaluate their understanding, and consider how the text relates to their prior knowledge and experiences.

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Effective language instruction involves comprehensive approaches to teaching grammar, vocabulary, and reading skills. Understanding different methodologies can enhance the learning process and promote language proficiency

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Communicative Language Teaching (CLT):

Focuses on meaningful communication.

Grammar taught in context through real-life situations.

Learners engage in interactive tasks to use grammar structures.

Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT):

Grammar is integrated into tasks that simulate real-world language use.

Learners complete tasks requiring accurate language production.

Emphasizes language function over form.

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Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies:

Encourage learners to use various strategies like mnemonic devices, context clues, and word associations.

Focus on both explicit and implicit vocabulary learning.

Word Parts Analysis:

Break down words into roots, prefixes, and suffixes to infer meanings.

Helps learners decipher unfamiliar vocabulary encountered in reading.

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Whole Language Approach:

Integrates reading, writing, speaking, and listening.

Focuses on meaning-making and comprehension.

Learners engage with authentic texts from various genres.

Scaffolded Reading Instruction:

Provides support such as pre-reading activities, vocabulary instruction, and comprehension strategies.

Gradually removes support as learners gain proficiency.

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Ellis, R. (2003). Task-based language learning and teaching. Oxford University Press.

Goodman, K. S. (1996). On Reading. Routledge.

Nagy, W. E., & Anderson, R. C. (1984). How Many Words Are There in Printed School English? Reading Research Quarterly.

Nation, I. S. P. (2001). Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. Cambridge University Press.

Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2001). Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press.

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press.

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Duolingo is a language-learning app that includes reading exercises in various languages. It's particularly helpful for vocabulary building and comprehension.

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LingQ focuses on language learning through reading. It allows users to read and listen to content in their target language while providing definitions and translations for unfamiliar words.

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The Kindle app is not only for e-books but also for various articles and documents. It includes features like dictionary lookup and note-taking, making it beneficial for improving reading skills.

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Epic! is an app specifically designed for children, offering a vast library of e-books for various age groups. It encourages kids to read independently or along with an audio narration.

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On this platform you can search for different channels that allow you to review reading skills, giving feedback on the pronunciation of words and understanding them.

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On this website you can practice English skills, with practical exercises and depending on the level of the student, allowing them to advance with their knowledge.

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Read an invitation to an office event to practise and improve your reading skills.

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The growing popularity of authentic materials provides English language teachers with more resources to practice the real language in language classrooms (Guo, 2012). However, integrating these types of reading materials can be difficult and time-consuming even though there are many benefits to using them to teach language learners how to read.

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Advantages

• Authentic texts can be quick and easy to find

• Authentic texts can be up to date and topical

• It’s what students will have to cope with eventually

• They have to learn how to cope

• There is a sense of achievement

Disavantages

• It's probably idiosyncratic

• The grading of the various parts of the text might be different

• The information can quickly become out of date

• The difficulty can put people off reading

•The vocabulary is not graded

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A good way of exploiting an authentic text is using discovery techniques to help students detect and process the different rhetorical structures. Learners should look at various examples of a specific type of text with different degrees of difficulty, and try to find similarities between them in how they are organized - information structure, rhetorical devices, or even language patterns, such as paragraphing.

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Reference:

• Guo, S. (2012). Using authentic materials for extensive reading to promote English proficiency. English Language Teaching, 5(8), 196-206. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v5n8p196