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Subject: Diction I

Topic: Oral Language

Authors: Misleybis cabrera 8-1001-1600

Yulissa Castrellon 4-795-651

Luz González 8-925-1092

Roderick Sire 4-796-852

Ruth Wardrope 3-783-1133

Professor: Elizabeth Delgado M.

Panamá, april, 2024

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Language, is one of the means that we use to communicate with others, it is the medium most used by all human beings. For centuries, human beings have been able to find the most optimal and easiest way to communicate; giving way to oral language. Expressing our ideas clearly and concisely is important and necessary for communication to flow and the message to arrive. As we evolved, different nations adapted and created their own languages ​​and idioms. It is essential to know how these are formed and everything that is needed to formulate a complete sentence.

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Textual corpora

Textual corpora are sets of fragments of natural texts, stored in electronic format, that represent a linguistic variety in its entirety or in some of its components. These corpora are created with the porpouse of facilitating their scientific study.

Characteristics:

A corpus must contain natural texts and be in electronic format to allow information retrieval.

It must be representative of the linguistic variety we study.

The design of the corpus is crucial, texts are selected according to their origin, period, type, etc.

Applications of textual corpus:

Linguistic Research: study linguistic phenomena in different contexts and types of texts.

Education: adapt corpus so that students explore how language works in real situations.

Lexicography: help in the creation of dictionaries and lexical resources.

Normative Studies: analyze linguistic patterns and variation.

Development of natural language processing tools.

Automatic translation.

Analysis of historical changes in the language.

In conclusion:

Textual corpora are essential tools for understanding how a language works and how it is presented in different contexts.

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The term "gender notion" refers to the understanding and recognition of gender as a social and cultural construct that influences various aspects of human behavior, identity, roles, and interactions.

It encompasses the recognition of gender as more than just biological differences between males and females, but also as a complex interplay of societal norms, expectations, and expressions.

Gender Notion:

Social Construction: Gender is seen as a socially constructed concept, shaped by cultural beliefs, traditions, and institutions rather than solely determined by biological factors.

Fluidity: Gender is understood as fluid and dynamic, meaning that it can vary across cultures and contexts and can be experienced differently by individuals over time.

Roles and Expectations: Gender notion involves an awareness of the roles, behaviors, and expectations associated with different genders within a particular society or culture.

Power Dynamics: Gender notion acknowledges power dynamics and inequalities between genders, including issues such as gender discrimination, sexism, and patriarchy.

- Gender in the Context of Grammar and Language Studies:

Gender in grammar refers to the way words change form based on whether they are masculine, feminine, or neuter. This concept is common in many languages, but not all. Let’s delve into this fascinating linguistic feature:

Definition of Gender in Grammar:

Gender is a grammatical feature that exists alongside other features like person, number, and case. It separates nouns into classes based on certain properties.

In languages with grammatical gender (which includes almost half of the world’s languages), nouns, pronouns, and adjectives are divided into different genders: masculine, feminine, and sometimes neuter.

The defining property of gender is agreement: how associated words behave about the noun.

Variation Across Languages:

Gender systems vary widely:

Different numbers of classes.

Various underlying assignment rules.

Different ways and places where gender is marked.

Interactions and Challenges:

Gender interacts with other grammatical features:

Limited to singular or third person.

Crosscut by case distinctions.

Children master gender early, using various cues.

Second-language learners find gender challenging, especially adults and those from non-gendered native languages.

Nevertheless, native-like competence is attainable even for second-language learners.

Gender Notion in the Context of Grammar and Language Studies:

In this context, "gender notion" could involve understanding and applying the rules and conventions related to gender agreement in language. It might encompass concepts such as:

1. Recognizing the gender of nouns and pronouns.

2. Understanding the patterns of gender agreement within sentences.

3. Applying appropriate gender agreement when constructing sentences.

4. Analyzing how gender operates within a particular language system.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the notion of gender in oral and grammatical language is complex and varies across languages and cultures. While grammatical gender may be more prevalent in some languages, oral language reflects societal attitudes towards gender roles and stereotypes. There is increasing recognition of the importance of gender-inclusive language in promoting equality and challenging gender norms.

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It could be said that the “difference of the medium and manner”, when differentiated in oral language, is in having a very similar similarity, thanks to the management of the language and the change that has occurred since the beginning, each year one way of the language changes. Oral or written language, this also helps a lot in children's communication.

This would be very helpful for children, as they grow, to learn with these new methods, and steps that could change them in the world of oral language and also in written language. Given the three themes of oral language, they are components that make the difference between each of them.

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Phonology: Is the study of the patterns of sounds in a language and across languages. Is the study of the categorical organization of speech sounds in languages; how speech sounds are organized in the mind and used to convey meaning.

Morphology: Is the study of the internal structure of words. The term morphology is Greek and is a makeup of morph- meaning 'shape, form', and -ology which means 'the study of.

Vocabulary: Is the words and phrases that a person knows and uses in their language.

Fluency: Fluency refers to the ability to produce language smoothly and accurately, without hesitation or undue effort.

Syntax: Is the grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence.

Semantics: Semantics is the study of meaning in language.

Pragmatics: Pragmatics studies the use of language in context, and the context-dependence of various aspects of linguistic interpretation.

Listening Comprehension: Is the ability to understand spoken language

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To conclude, this topic helps us by differentiating the medium and mode of oral language, giving a very explanatory response to its mode and use, detailing each word in people's thoughts, giving ideas and analysis for the person's brain.

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Oral language is the system through which we use spoken words to express knowledge, ideas, and feelings.  Oral language is made up of at least five key components: phonological skills, pragmatics, syntax, morphological skills, and vocabulary (also referred to as semantics). All of these components of oral language are necessary to communicate and learn through conversation and spoken interaction.

It´s a fundamental aspect for us (Humans), this allows us to express our thoughts and have a good interaction with others.

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Audet, L. (n.d.). What Is Oral Language? Heinemann.com. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from https://blog.heinemann.com/what-is-oral-language

Diccionario Cambridge Inglés y Tesauro gratuitos. (n.d.). Cambridge.org. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from https://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/

ESTILOGRAFICA. (n.d.). El uso de los corpus textuales como herramienta para la educación competencial desde el área de Didáctica de la Lengua y la Literatura. INNTED 2023. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from https://innted.org/ponencia/el-uso-de-los-corpus-textuales-como-herramienta-para-la-educacion-competencial-desde-el-area-de-didactica-de-la-lengua-y-la-literatura/

Korta, K., & Perry, J. (2020). Pragmatics. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2020). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.

Prizes, N. (2022, November 15). Phonology. The University of Sheffield. https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/linguistics/home/all-about-linguistics/about-website/branches-linguistics/phonology

(N.d.-a). Edu.Pa. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from http://www.educapanama.edu.pa/?q=articulos-educativos/el-lenguaje-como-medio-de-comunicacion#:~:text=El%20lenguaje%20es%20el%20medio,al%20receptor%2C%20y%20as%C3%AD%20sucesivamente

(N.d.-b). Gov.Ar. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from https://www.santafe.gov.ar/index.php/educacion/content/download/174430/858460/file/Desarrollo%20del%20Lenguaje%20Oral.pdf

(N.d.-c). Uab.Cat. Retrieved April 10, 2024, from https://ddd.uab.cat/pub/elies/elies_a2022v45/elies_a2022v45p11.pdf

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In my research I was able to learn about concepts and importance of differences such as genders, I was able to identify a mode of a medium. All this leads me to expand my vocabulary.

Learn the following: Gender are categories in which we mentally organize the reality of things and beings, according to certain types of common properties. This is how we also think of ourselves, and especially our social roles, traditionally based on the masculine/feminine.

A mode is a means of communicating. A medium is the channel or system through which communications are conveyed. The plural form of medium is media. So, for example, if we want to communicate in the linguistic mode, we might choose the medium of print.

The use of the developed textual corpus and its application offers a series of techniques that allow us to observe the language in its use.

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Understanding, comprehending, developing, and applying oral language is something very complex which we do easily without analyzing its components.

The importance of using the correct genders in sentences, the quantities of nouns, recognizing pronouns, and knowing how to place them, the correct pronunciation of words, their syntax, etc.

Not knowing these rules can cause the message we are sending may not be understood. And in this digital era, it has been shown that even with technological advances, the orders we give to the devices must be clear, which demonstrates the importance of correct oral language.
With correct oral language, our grammar will also benefit.
This is the message that I get from this activity.

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Oral language is a fundamental topic that opens the horizon to knowledge of verbal communication for learning new languages. Since it covers an important component in the linguistic world such as grammatical genres and their different applications in oral expression. Also recognize the evolution of oral language in the technological era, such as textual corpora that are tools to understand how a language works and how it is presented in different contexts. thus, contributing to human communication, allowing the expression of thoughts and emotions, helping to understand others and build a relationship in society.

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In conclusion we learn what is the oral lenguage and all what we need to know how to use it.

This subject are very important for people who are learning the english language, cause thier teach us, what are the type of gender notion, the corpora and ther topics we read in the previous notes.

The oral language is crucial for communication and social interaction. It allows us to express thoughts, feelings, and ideas, as well as to understand and interpret the messages of others. Strong oral language skills are fundamental for success in various aspects of life, including personal relationships, education, and professional endeavors. Additionally, oral language development lays the foundation for literacy skills, such as reading and writing, making it a vital component of overall language proficiency.