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How does wind affect the distribution and growth of plants? and what are the adaptations?

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Background

Wind strongly impacts plant growth, leaf traits, biomass allocation, and stem mechanical properties. However, whether there are common whole-plant wind responses among different plant species is still unclear.

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How do organisms remove excess water in freshwater habitat?

How do organisms remove excess salt and prevent water loss in marine habitat? (Explain by using mangrove as the example)

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what are the adaptations of plants and animals in dry habitat? Give examples.

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Many desert plants use spores to spread seeds, such as camel fern. Some plants grow needle-shaped leaves to protect themselves and reduce water evaporation. Because water resources are relatively scarce, plants are also relatively sparse, competing for ecological niches. smaller

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Many desert plants use spores to spread seeds, such as camel fern. Some plants grow needle-shaped leaves to protect themselves and reduce water evaporation. Because water resources are relatively scarce, plants are also relatively sparse, competing for ecological niches. smaller

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what are the adaptations of plants and animals in dry habitat? 

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what are the adaptations of plants and animals in dry habitat? 

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Animals Have large surface area to increase loss of heat by radiation, which allows the animal to keep cool. Have reduced body fat. Body fat acts as an insulating layer preventing loss of heat from the body.

The leaves are modified into small-sized spines so that the surface area reduces and less water is lost. Leaves are generally small to ensure less transpiration through the surface. They have a thick cuticle layer on the leaves that reduces water loss by transpiration.

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Plants may develop stronger roots to withstand the wind, gradually grow shorter or nest near obstacles like rocks, or other trees eg. Vines and uses seeds that can float on winds eg. Dandelion seeds to spread their offsprings.

On the other side when wind is vacant, plants may instead grow taller and broader leaves like in tropical rainforests, and their seeds will instead be fruits to attract birds or have their own way of transportation eg spikes or exploding.

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Freshwater habitat:
- Organisms remove excess water through filtration.
- Specialized structures, such as nephridia and Malpighian tubules, help filter out excess water and waste products.

Marine habitat (using mangroves as an example):
- Adaptations to remove excess salt and prevent water loss.
- Specialized roots filter out salt and limit its entry into the plant's system.
- Thick, waxy leaves reduce water loss through transpiration.
- Specialized glands excrete excess salt, maintaining proper salt balance within the plant's tissues.

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How do the size of particles, nutrient content and soil pH affect the organisms?

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What are the factors that affect oxygen concentration in water? and how does the dissolved oxygen affect the distribution of species?

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The influence of dissolved oxygen on microorganisms mainly determines the activity and distribution of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. When there is sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water, microorganisms can carry out aerobic respiration.

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The influence of dissolved oxygen on microorganisms mainly determines the activity and distribution of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. When there is sufficient dissolved oxygen in the water, microorganisms can carry out aerobic respiration.

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The amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in water depends on several factors, including: water temperature, the amount of dissolved salts present in the water , and atmospheric pressure.

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The amount of oxygen that can be dissolved in water depends on several factors, including: water temperature, the amount of dissolved salts present in the water , and atmospheric pressure.

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2。Dissolved oxygen stratification in an estuary is dependent on salinity (expressed in PSU). Estuary stratifications are based on salinity distributions. Because saltwater holds less dissolved oxygen than freshwater, this can affect aquatic organism distribution.

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As the plant sways its roots are pulled and pushed which stimulates them to thicken and strengthen. The stem bends away from the force of the wind so the weather side is stretched and the lee side is compressed, this stimulates the deposition of cellulose in the cell walls which stiffens the stem as it grows taller.

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Strong sustained winds can sculpt trees and shrubs, leaving them lopsided with most growth on the leeward side. Commonly seen on coastal bluffs.

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Desert plants, like cacti, have enlarged fleshy stems that store water, allowing them to thrive in dry conditions. Desert animals, like camels, have developed adaptations such as water storage in their humps and specialized feet to survive in harsh desert environments.

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The particle size of the land will affect the drainage of plant growth, because there are gaps in the large soil and there is sand in it.

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smaller particles induce stronger biological effects than larger particles of similar composition

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Plants such as dandelions, chamomile, and juniper use the wind to spread their seeds. When exposed to wind for a long time, plants sometimes bend their branches. When the wind is strong, it is even uprooted or broken.

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1. Wind affects the growth, physiological activities and morphology of plants

Strong winds can reduce plant growth. Experiments have shown that tree height growth when the wind speed is 10m/s is 1/2 less than when the wind speed is 5m/s, and 2/3 less than in the quiet wind zone. The reason for plant dwarfing is that wind can reduce atmospheric humidity and destroy the water balance inside the tree, preventing cells from expanding to normal mature size, resulting in miniaturization, dwarfing and xerosis of all organs and tissues (leaves are small and leathery, hairy, stomata are sunken, etc. ).

In places where strong winds prevail, the station often grows into a model, with the trunk of the tree bent to the leeward direction and the crown of the tree tilted to the leeward side, which is called a "flag-shaped tree".

The morphological structures of trees adapted to strong winds are often similar to those adapted to drought. Strong winds cause plant transpiration to accelerate, resulting in water shortages and the formation of biological structures such as thick bark, small leaves, and gravity that reduce transpiration and drought. Trees growing in strong wind areas have extremely developed root systems, especially in leeward areas.

2. Wind affects plant value increase

Wind affects the spread of plant pollen, seeds and effects. Wind pollination. Wind-pollinated flowers are one of the more primitive types of adaptation.

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Two bodies of water that are both 100% air-saturated do not necessarily have the same concentration of dissolved oxygen. The actual amount of dissolved oxygen (in mg/L) will vary depending on temperature, pressure and salinity ¹.

First, the solubility of oxygen decreases as temperature increases ¹. This means that warmer surface water requires less dissolved oxygen to reach 100% air saturation than does deeper, cooler water. For example, at sea level (1 atm or 760 mmHg) and 4°C (39°F), 100% air-saturated water would hold 10.92 mg/L of dissolved oxygen. ³ But if the temperature were raised to room temperature, 21°C (70°F), there would only be 8.68 mg/L DO at 100% air saturation ³.

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affect the properties of a product or material, for example in the production of catalysts, the size of the particles can affect their reactivity.

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What are the adaptations of shore animals and organisms living in fast-flowing streams?

Answer:

Affecting their body structure:

--gills (other special breathing organs)

used by some oceanic animals like fish and crabs

--blowholes

an opening on the top of the head that's used for breathing

--fins, flat, wing-like structures, streamlined bodies

help fishes move through the water

Purpose: adapt to and get used to the strong water currents

(currents bring vital nutrients from other places in the ocean to where they're needed most)

e.g. turtles

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The amount of dissolved oxygen in water is affected by various factors. These include chemical and biological processes, physical factors, and nutrient inputs from land . Temperature, salinity, and pressure also play a role in determining the concentration and distribution of dissolved oxygen in water . Additionally, the solubility of gases in water, the area of contact between air and water, and the amount of turbulence in the water influence the rate of diffusion of dissolved oxygen 

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The amount of dissolved oxygen in water is affected by various factors. These include chemical and biological processes, physical factors, and nutrient inputs from land . Temperature, salinity, and pressure also play a role in determining the concentration and distribution of dissolved oxygen in water . Additionally, the solubility of gases in water, the area of contact between air and water, and the amount of turbulence in the water influence the rate of diffusion of dissolved oxygen 

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Wind plays a crucial role in the distribution and growth of plants. It aids in the dispersal of seeds, allowing plants to colonize new areas. Wind also influences the shape and structure of plants, leading to adaptations that help them withstand its effects. Some plants have flexible stems that bend with the wind, reducing the risk of breakage. Others have small, narrow leaves that minimize water loss through evaporation. Additionally, some plants develop deep root systems to anchor themselves in the soil and prevent uprooting. These adaptations enable plants to thrive in windy environments and ensure their successful growth and survival.

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When nutrients are low, plant productivity is reduced, when nutrients are high,there will have some toxicity because there are too many trace elements, causing cell damage, and it will dead.

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soil properties greatly impact the type and amount of essential nutrients available to plant roots.

each plant has its own recommended pH value range. In general, the best pH value range for soil is approximately 6 or 7.

some ornamental plants and fruit plants like blueberries require an acidic soil.

the soil pH can also influence plant growth by uts effects on activity of beneficial microorganisms.

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1Wind affects the growth, physiological activities and morphology of plants

2Wind affects plant value increase.Wind affects the spread of plant pollen, seeds and effects

3The destructive power of wind

The degree of mechanical damage caused by wind to plants (referring to breaking branches, stems, pulling roots, etc.) is mainly determined by wind speed, wind bursts, plant species characteristics, environmental characteristics, etc.

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Seed Dispersal: Wind plays a crucial role in dispersing plant seeds over long distances. Lightweight seeds are easily carried away by the wind, allowing plants to colonize new areas and expand their distribution.