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1. Universal precautions refer to the approach of treating all human blood and certain body fluids as if they are infectious, to minimize the risk of transmission of bloodborne pathogens. When caring for a wound, it's essential to use proper personal protective equipment (such as gloves and possibly a mask) and maintain good hygiene practices to prevent infection.

2. Recognizing an infection in a wound involves observing for increased redness, swelling, warmth, and pain around the wound site, along with the presence of pus or other unusual drainage. Additionally, if the wound exhibits a foul odor or if the person develops a fever, it may indicate an infection and require medical attention.

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An avulsion is a forcible tearing off of skin or another part of the body, such as an ear or a finger.

Initial Care: Use an absorbent clean dressing or any clean cloth that is available to hold pressure on an open avulsion or degloving injury.

Post-Care: Elevate your wound: Prop your injured area on pillows to raise it above the level of your heart. This will help reduce pain and swelling. Do this for 30 minutes at a time, as often as you can. Bandage your wound: Bandages keep your wound clean, dry, and protected from infection.

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A puncture is a wound made by a pointed object such as a nail, knife, or sharp tooth.

Initial Care: Wash your hands. This helps prevent infection.

Stop the bleeding. Apply gentle pressure with a clean bandage or cloth. Clean the wound. Rinse the wound with clear water for 5 to 10 minutes.

Post-Care:Apply an ointment, cover the wound, change the dressing, watch for signs of infection

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a surgical cut made in skin or flesh.

Initial Care: Use a normal saline solution (salt water) or mild soapy water. Soak the gauze or cloth in the saline solution or soapy water, and gently dab or wipe the skin with it.

Try to remove all drainage and any dried blood or other matter that may have built up on the skin.

Post-Care: Gently wash it with soap and water to remove the crust. Do not scrub or soak the wound. Do not use rubbing alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, or iodine, which can harm the tissue and slow wound healing. Air-dry the incision or pat it dry with a clean, fresh towel before reapplying the bandage.

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a deep cut or tear in skin or flesh.

Initial Care: Remove all dirt and debris by first running cool water over the area, and then clean with a sterile cloth, warm water, and mild soap. Apply antibiotic ointment, and then cover the wound area with a sterile gauze bandage and first-aid tape.

Post-Care: Clean the area with a mild soap and water 2 times a day.

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An abrasion is a superficial rub or wearing off of the skin, usually caused by a scrape or a brush burn.

Initial Care: Apply an antiseptic lotion, cream, or petroleum jelly. Cover the area with an adhesive bandage or gauze pad if the area is on the hands or feet, or if it is likely to drain onto clothing.

Post-Care: Keep the site dry and clean, and try not to exert yourself, as physical activity may cause the site to bleed.