# data[].attributes.body
- Imaginative play is fun, exciting, and also helps these kids develop a understanding of right and wrong, social rules, and manners.
- A lot of their learning is transmitted through large muscles, therefore they enjoy running, ridding, pulling, digging, and climbing.
- Their vocabulary is expanding rapidly and say all different kinds of words.
- They also enjoy trying out different personalities, roles, and interests when engaging in play.
- Also, they like to be independent, although when they want/need help they expect it immediately.
- They are observant and will start to mimic parents movements, facial expressions, tone of voice, and choice of words.
- As a teacher it is important to remember to minimize paper-and-pencil tasks and instead incorporate more imaginative play and movement throughout the classroom.

# data[].attributes.body
- With all the rapid growth of the previous years, five year olds are starting to become calmer and becoming more detailed oriented.
- They experience the world through their five senses and if the child is intrigued they can sustain their attention to that one thing for quite awhile.
- These kids need to have a structured schedule and within that schedule they need to be given the opportunity to explore.
- They are beginning to learn empathy, however still mostly see things from their point of view.  They also care deeply about social relationships.
- It is important that adults create safe boundaries and tell the kids what is happening next and where they are going.  (Again structure and clear expectations are important for these children.)
- Their self confidence is growing.
- As teachers it is important that children feel like they are involved in some of the decision making processes, so we should invite their input and provide choices for them.

# data[].attributes.body
- Children at this age start to think more logically and begin to understand concepts such as the conservation of volume.
- They begin to see things from other points of view and enjoy doing collaborative projects with classmates.
- These children are BUSY!  They race through tasks and assignments and view quantity over quality.
- Their vocabularies are continuing to expand and most of the time they think out loud.
- They now view spontaneous play and schoolwork to be equally enjoyable.
- Children at this age thrive off of activities and/or adventures that invite exploration, discovery, asking questions, and sharing thoughts.
- Its important to keep in mind that children at this age love notes or special words of encouragement from parents and teachers.

# data[].attributes.body
- Children at this age are more quiet, sensitive, and self-conscious.  They are trying to learn how to manage new feelings and cognitive structures.
- In this year of a child's life it is important to move forward cautiously, while creating a secure structure/routine and avoiding uncertainty.
- They appreciate time alone to self reflect and like to have quiet corners in the classroom for reading and working.
- They can also find themselves becoming close to one friend in particular and creating a strong relationship with that one person.
- Precision is important to them and they want their work to be correct and pleasing to look at.
- These children are curious and have a strong desire to discover and invent things.
- They are starting to represent their understandings through writing and drawing.
- Science and social studies are becoming increasingly interesting to them as they are more curious about the world around them. Also their ability to predict, infer, and estimate have heightened and therefore can really start to grasp certain math concepts.
- They really enjoy things to be in order and appreciate clean up time, snack preparation, and organizing blocks.
- As teachers it is important to set up a classroom with structure, predictability, security, and the time needed for these students to complete tasks.

# data[].attributes.body
- These children always want to try or create the next new thing.  They have a lot of wonderful ideas but aren't as concerned about how to make those ideas come to life.
- When completing school assignments they are going for speed instead of accuracy.
- They love field trips because it gives them a space to explore and move around with classmates.
- I thought it was interesting that when a child becomes impatient and frustrated they will likely say that they are bored, when really they are thinking, "This is too hard."
- Children at this age are very talkative and work and play well in groups.
- They also find it fun to keep track of the math facts that they have memorized, the number of books that they have read, etc.
- A small surprise can really make their day.
- These children often respond better when a new list of tasks are posted before they get tired of the old ones.
- Remember they are busy and adventurous!

# data[].attributes.body
- At this age children are wondering, arguing, questioning, and sometimes doubting which are all signs of growth in a child's intellectual curiosity and of children's moral character maturing.
- These children start to worry about various things and can show this through twisting their hair, biting their nails, etc.
- Fairness is important to them as they start to really understand what ethical behavior is.
- Children at this age are also very competitive in school activities and sports.
- They are really starting to increase their self-definition and they can be very critical of themselves and others.
- It's important that we give students the tools to cope with their feelings.
- These students learn best on their own when mastering basic skills and understanding concepts such as multiplication, spelling patterns, etc.
- As teachers we need to support modeling and role-playing so that kids are not as anxious when it comes to taking tests.
- It's really important to use words of encouragement for these students.

# data[].attributes.body
- Children at this age are happy, easygoing, and look up to their parents and teachers.
- They are relatively calm and do well in a variety of group settings.
- They love the outdoors and still need time to run around and get their energy out.
- They really enjoy learning factual information and are excellent at memorizing information like, multiplication tables, spelling, vocabulary, they can recite poems, memorize presidents, etc.
- They typically know the rules and agree to follow them, therefore this is a great age to start teaching or reteach mediation and problem-solving skills.
- At this age they are great organizers and have the ability to keep their school and home spaces neat and clean.
- They also start creating tangible products to display their knowledge such as, book reports, essays, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
- Both girls and boys at this age are becoming increasingly self-conscious about their changing bodies.
- It is common to hear them complain about aches and pains because their bones tend to grow faster than their muscles.
- They do well with collaborative work, however they are likely to challenge, argue, and debate with each other.  When they are doing this they are participating the art of social negotiation.
- Cliques are also popular at this age and its important that if these bonds start leading to bullying, we put a stop to it right away.
- They love being physically active outdoors, but they spend a good majority of their time arguing about teams, rules, etc.  They also constantly compare themselves with the best athletes.
- Teachers and coaches should try to encourage participation by focusing on effort instead of perfection.
- At this age children are learning new skills such as footnoting, finding and assessing online sources, creating bibliographies, and using scientific notation.
- Students at this age are great at revisions and getting to a final draft, however at times they get frustrated and voice that frustration in complaints.
- At this age children thrive off of getting to go out and learn life skills through the real world.

# data[].attributes.body
- Children at this age are on the cusp of adolescence, therefore they are changing there minds frequently and can be unpredictable at times.
- Their greatest need at this age is to be with their friends.
- They generally enjoy talking with adults for quick conversations and can do this in a friendly manner.
- When the child is moody, introverted, has childish behaviors, and one word responses they often need to rest and regroup in a safe environment.
- For the most part, children are excited by lengthy homework assignments or projects that end with a visible product. Also research projects, current events, and community service projects are all things that intrigue them.
- The more responsibility that they are given the better they do socially and academically.
- At this age they show amazing leadership potential.
- Children are very irresponsible with smaller responsibilities and do things based on priority. For example, children will most likely stay a few minutes after school to feed the class pet, although they don't take the time to clean out their backpack.
- Their interest in fairness grows and they need more opportunities to discuss and modify rules.
- They find deep meaning in ceremonies that recognize their accomplishments.

# data[].attributes.body
- These adolescents are trying to balance so many things and it can seem like a crazy whirlwind of a year.
- They are looking at the world from new points of view and solidifying their personalities.
- At this age they argue a lot more and challenge parents, teachers, and classmates.
- For the different genders their physical and emotional states are at VERY different places. Emotionally, girls are ready to focus on close relationships, whereas boys still like to "goof around."
- They are excited about new freedoms such as more control over phone usage, they start to study harder subjects, and they can start to go more places with their friends.
- People at this age seek belonging from peers.
- It's important for them to have a balance between home and school life.
- Experiences in sports, music ensembles, and student government helps these teenagers develop cognitive, social-emotional, and moral strength.
- They are learning to manage the balance between increased responsibility and the freedom that they are asking for.
- Sometimes students will complain that teachers are boring, but what they are really trying to say is that the teacher is not giving them enough attention.
- It is important that teachers are supportive, observant, listen carefully, and gently encourage risk-taking in the classroom.

# data[].attributes.body
- These students seem to care more about how they their peers look at them than how they view themselves.
- They are starting to move away from parents and teachers as the central figures in their lives and moving towards peers.
- "They pour enormous physical, emotional, and cognitive energy into developing an adolescent subculture" (Wood, 2017, p. 163).
- They are more aware of their own gifts and challenges and have more adult-like sense of right versus wrong.
- They become devoted to a sport, musical instrument, etc., and by doing this they are practicing fidelity.
- At this point school is the main structure where students learn to meet society's demands.
- They view themselves as individuals and want to do things their way and on their own.
- They don't want to take place in activities that may cause them to look uncool in their peers' eyes.
- These adolescents want adults to keep them safe, truly listen to what they have to say, acknowledge their presence, and respect them.
- They like to negotiate and we as teachers need to thoughtfully consider their input and adjust activities in small yet meaningful ways.