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🌏Two groups of Islands: lakshwadeep Islands and Andaman and nicobar island.
🏝️Lakshwadeep Islands:👉 lying close to Malabar coast
👉Composed of small coral Islands
👉Administrative headquarters: kavaratti
🏝️Andaman and nicobar island:👉 big in size
👉Andaman in North and nicobar in South
👉Elevated portion of submarine mountains
👉Lie close to equator and experience equatorial climate

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👉Peninsular plateau running along the Arabian sea on the west and the Bay of Bengal on the east.
👉Western coast lies between western ghats and Arabian sea
👉Consist of three sections: konkan, kannad plain, Malabar coast
👉Large rivers: Mahanadi, Godavari,  Krishna and Kaveri

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👉Lies towards the western margins of the Aravali Hills.
👉Sandy plain covered with sand dunes
👉Receives very low rainfall below 150 mm per year.
👉Arid climate with low vegetation cover.
👉Luni: large river
👉Barchans: crescent shaped dunes

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👉It is a table land composed of old crystalline, igneous and metamorphic rocks.
👉Has broad and shallow valleys and rounded hills.
👉Consist of two broad : Deccan plateau and central Highlands.
👉The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of Narmada river covering a major area of Malwa plateau is known as central Highlands.
👉The Deccan plateau is higher in the West and slopes gently eastwards.
👉Three prominent hill ranges from the West to east are garo , khasi and jaintia hills.
👉The western ghats and the eastern ghats mark the western and eastern edges of the Deccan plateau respectively
👉Black soil in Peninsular plateau is called as Deccan trap

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👉Formed by three major river system:Ganga, Brahmaputra and indus
👉Formed of alluvial soil
👉Stretches for about 2400km long and 240 to 320 km broad
👉The soil consist of
🖊️Bhangar
🖊️Kankar
🖊️Khadar
👉Soil favourable for agricultural production

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👉Himalayas mountains
👉northern plains
👉Peninsular plateau
👉Indian desert
👉Coastal plain
👉Islands

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👉The crust of the earth has been formed out of seven major and some minor plates
👉The movement of the plates results in the building up of stresses within the plates and the continental rocks above leading to folding, faulting and volcanic activity.                👉Can be classified into three groups: convergent boundary, divergent boundary, transform boundary.

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👉It is the southern part of the ancient super continent Pangaea with Angara land in the northern part.
👉The gondwana land included India , Australia,south America and Antarctica as one single land mass
👉The sedimentary rocks formed by collision known as Tethys.

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👉The Himalayas, young and structurally fold mountain stretch over the northern borders of India
👉It has 3 main parts
🖊️Himadri: northern most range consist of Himalayan peaks, glacier and snow.
🖊️Himachal: consist of valleys of hill station with an altitude of 3700&4500.
🖊️Shivaliks: outermost range having small hills with an altitude between 900&1100 meters. The longitudinal valley lying between Himalayas and the Shivaliks are known as dunes