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The invasion of Hungary, Turkey, and Greece -  1956                                       Michelle Agu

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The invasion of Hungary, Turkey, and Greece -  1956                                       Michelle Agu

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The Soviet Union plan to spread communism at times worked and at others, failed. With the invasion of Hungary, the spread of  communism was successful because the Soviet air force bombed the Hungarian capital (Budapest) and used Russian tanks to fight the Hungarian forces in determination to over throw the government from Prime Minister Irme Nagy who promised the people independence and political freedom. For the invasion of Greece and Turkey, the plan failed because of the prevention of the United States extended military and economic support under the Truman doctrine.

www.bbc.co.uk

www.country-data.com

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Coup overthrows Gorbachev By: Tim Williams

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Coup overthrows Gorbachev By: Tim Williams

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Gorbachev became the leader of the USSR in 1985 and began to push the economy to rely more on a Free Market economy and leading them away from Communism, and also pushed for a better relationship with the west. However radical reformer Boris Yeltsin felt that Gorbachev ideas were not working or moving fast enough. So a coup attempted to overthrow Gorbachev and after putting him on house arrest and in 1991 Gorbachev resigned and Yelstin became the leader making Russia once again a Communist country. This would cause a greater tension between the two countries of the USSR and the U.S.
Source:http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/coup-attempt-against-gorbachev-collapses

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The Iron Curtain speech                                                                                                Mya Smith

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The Iron Curtain speech                                                                                                Mya Smith

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The iron curtain speech was given by the former British Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, who argued for a closer relationship with the U.S but also warned about the expansion of the Soviet Union, which is the iron curtain, desending down easter Europe.

This speech would spike tensions between the U.S and the USSR. With the "curtain" desending, that means that the Soviets are moving and spreading communism in the territory that the US owned. This means that the Soviets are not being true to their agreement with the U.S.

Source - History.com

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Perevstroika was a dual program with Glasnots. Perestroika means restructuring. The purpose of this program was to restructure the USSR's economy, politics, and society. In the end this plan was a failure. The soviet union was dismantled into 15 successor states, resulting in the end of the cold war.

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May 1960 the USSR shot down an American U2 spy plane down in Soviet air space, and captured pilot Francis Gary Powers. President Eisenhower was forced to admit that the CIA has been flying U2 planes over the USSR for several years. Tensions grew between the USSR and the US because of the distrust shown by America's spying on USSR military bases.

History.com

Shyheem Gordon

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Formation of NATO                                                                                             Caroline Garrison

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Formation of NATO                                                                                             Caroline Garrison

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signed on the 4th of April 1949 for three reasons,to stop soviet expansion,
to stop any revival of nationalistic militarism by using a strong presence of
Americans to influence europe, and to encourage european political
integration. The countries involved in the original fomation were Belgium, Canada, Denmark,France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
the United Kingdom, and the United States.The event would lead to higher
tensions between the two world powers, as Russia was no part of this and In the Treaty’s renowned Article 5, “an armed attack against one or more of them… shall be considered an attack against them all” and that following such an attack, each Ally would take such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force.” Would be a direct threat to Russia.

http://www.nato.int/history/nato-history.html
http://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/formation-of-nato-and-warsaw-pact

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Gorbachev became the leader of the USSR in 1985 and began to push the economy to rely more on a Free Market economy and leading them away from Communism, and also pushed for a better relationship with the west. However radical reformer Boris Yeltsin felt that Gorbachev ideas were not working or moving fast enough. So a coup attempted to overthrow Gorbachev and after putting him on house

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The term “Glasnost” means “openness” and was the name for the social and political reforms to bestow more rights and freedoms upon the Soviet people. The purpose of the policy was to include more people in the political process through freedom of expression. This led to a decreased censoring of the media, which in effect allowed writers and journalists to expose news of government corruption and the depressed condition of the Soviet people. Glasnost also permitted criticism of government officials, encouraging more social freedoms like those of Western societies. This event would make the relationship between the US and the Soviet Union worse since the outbursts of escalating crimes and crimes by the government would cause even more chaos and havoc in the Soviet Union which wouldn't be beneficial to the US if the USSR can't even have accordance in their own land. - Kyler Garner

http://www.coldwar.org/articles/80s/glasnostandperestroika.asp

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"Mr. Gorbachev, Bring down this wall!"- June 12th, 1987

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"Mr. Gorbachev, Bring down this wall!"- June 12th, 1987

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Reagan says this in his speech adressing Mr. Gorbachev, general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.  Reagan says this because Gorbachev expressed that he was willing to allow more freedom from the government in the Soviet Union and their land in Eastern Europe. The wall (The Berlin Wall) was a symbol of the restraints the Soviet Union’s government had on its people and by bringing it down would symbolize more freedom.  This speech may have hindered our relationship because many communist leaders would not have liked Reagan’s suggestion that he announced on this day.

diplomacy.state.gov

Matt Kasoff

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The Soviet Union’s collapse was caused by their power splitting into 15 countries, and their loss of complete power over the people. Non- Russian countries (Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia)  began to refuse Communism and assimilation with Russian ruled countries, who enforced Communism.  The Communist power began to weaken as countries declined their power, and kept taking part in their own government and society.  This downfall loosened tensions  with the United States, because the Cold War ended with this collapse, and caused many countries to question their political and economic order, and possibly turn to democracy.

- Jillian Hurwitz

(Cold War Museum)

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Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan - Jesse Anderson

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Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan - Jesse Anderson

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In 1977 the Soviet Union brought thousands of troops in to Afghanistan to take complete control of Afghanistan's military and politics. This event would affect the U.S. and Soviet's relationship because the Soviets were extending their reach even further into the Middle East. This would make the Americans angry that Communism was reaching more places, which would then make America reach out their Democracy influence to the Middle East as well. Also the aggression and the use of force from the Soviets on other countries would cause America to view the Soviets as even worse and use it to show people how horrible the U.S.S.R. was.   https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/soviet-invasion-afghanistan

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Superpower Summits were meetings between the heads of Government during the Cold War. On October 10-12 1986, U.S. President Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev convened in Iceland. Both leaders wanted to reduce nuclear arsenals on either side in order to prevent mass destruction. However, they could not reach an official written agreement because Reagen refused to terminate the Strategic Defense Initiative program, a project that aimed to set up anti-missile lasers in space in order to prevent America from Soviet attacks. The failure of this Summit greatly increased tensions between America and the Soviet Union.

http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/summit/archive/oct86.htm

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The NSC (National Security Council) was created by President Truman to "assist and advise the President on domestic, foreign, and military policies relating to National Security". At the time of the NSC's creation, foreign policy between The US and USSR was a primary matter of National Security, due to Russia's intentions to force Europe into a system of commuinist rule. It was noted that after the NSC was created, Truman relied heavily on advise from members of the NSC (Vice President/Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff) in order to make descisions regarding National Security. From the perspective of a country ruled forcefully through communist dictatorship (Russia), relying on the advise of others made the countries leader (Truman) seem less like a strong willed leader, and more like a man who couldn't make decisions on his own. This most likley made Russia feel far superior in comparision to America.

(https://www.whitehouse.gov/administration/eop/nsc)

Alex Burke

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On June 5, 1947, Secretary of State George Marshall presented his plan that would help rebuild and revitalize Europe. His plan was adopted by Congress in 1948, and ended up giving over $12 billion in order to reconstruct Europe. The Marshall Plan revived European industrialization and encouraged extensive investment. It also served as a stimulant to the U.S. economy, by establishing new trade partners and markets for American goods. This sparked the Soviet's fear of the US having economic domination over Europe, which lead to Stalin shunning and disregarding the generous aid.

-Efrem Friedman

Source: https://history.state.gov

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1961 Eisenhower warns of the military-industrial complex

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1961 Eisenhower warns of the military-industrial complex

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President Dwight D. Eisenhower farewell address to the nation,  warns the American people to keep a careful eye on what he calls the “military-industrial complex” that has developed in the post-World War II years. He began by describing the changing nature of the American defense establishment since World War II. This even would affect the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union because more tension would buld between them due to the development of weapons and military force. With the bombs being dropped scaring the Soviet Union they would be even more scared hearing about the development of the United States military .

-Aaminah Burke

http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/eisenhower-warns-of-the-military-industrial-complex

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May 1960 the USSR shot down an American U2 spy plan in Soviet air space and captured pilot, Francis Gray Powers. President Eisenhower was forced to admitt to the Soviets that the CIA had been flying over the USSR for several years. Tensions between both the US and USSR increased due to the distrust shown by America's surveillance on USSR military bases.

History.com

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1948-1949 Berlin Blockade and Response                                                          Dominique Gilliam

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1948-1949 Berlin Blockade and Response                                                          Dominique Gilliam

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In June of 1948, the United States and the Soviet Union fought to restore Germany financially and politically. "The Soviets sought huge reparations from Germany in the form of money, industrial equipment, and resources...[while]...American officials believed that the economic recovery of Western Europe was dependent on a strong, reunified Germany"(history.com). This resulted in the blockade of the German city Berlin which then made shortages for food, water, and medical aide. As a result, America creates sends a massive airlift to supply food, water, and medicine which further proves to the Soviets that America is the superpower and technologically advanced.

Sources: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/soviets-blockade-west-berlin
http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/berlin-airlift-begins

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Rise and Fall of Berlin wall 1961 to 1989                                                       Johanna P.

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Rise and Fall of Berlin wall 1961 to 1989                                                       Johanna P.

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At the end of World War II Germany was divided into four allied occupation zones, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union, and one for France. East Berliners could no longer cross borders to go to plays ,operas, or meet loved ones.  The wall stopped the flood of refugees from the east to the west. On November 9,1989 the cold war began and East Germany's Communist rulers gave permission for the gates to open and citizens were free to cross the countries borders.

http://history1900s.about.com/od/coldwa1/a/berlinwall.htm

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Reconstruction of Japan                                     By: Marlon Bonner, Jr.

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Reconstruction of Japan                                     By: Marlon Bonner, Jr.

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In 1945, the United States and allies decided to occupy Japan and rehabilitate the Japanese state. From 1945- 1952, U.S. General Douglas A. MacArthur was supreme commander for Japan's Reconstruction and took charge of the Supreme Command of Allied Powers (SCAP). He enacted widespread military, political, economic, and social reforms. Japan was allowed to keep their emperor, Hirohito but, he had to renounce his divinity and publicly support Japan's new constitution.Japan's U.S.-approved constitution granted full freedoms to its citizen, created a congress -- or "Diet," and renounced Japan's ability to make war.

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/japan-reconstruction

http://usforeignpolicy.about.com/od/asia/a/The-United-States-And-Japan-After-World-War-Ii.htm

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Starting on August 29th, 1949, the Soviet Union detonated its first atomic bomb, at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in Kazakhstan, and ended America's monopoly of atomic weaponry. From this point forward, America and the Soviet Union would continuously attempt to out-do each other by building expensive, nuclear weapons which both countries used as threats to keep each other at bay. An important event during this race happened in January, 1954, when U.S. Secretary of State John Foster Dulles announced a policy that stated that any major Soviet attack would be met with a massive nuclear response. This made the relationship between the US and the USSR extremely tense, as both nations had the power to destroy each other and kill millions of citizens on either side. Source: http://www.atomcentral.com/the-cold-war.aspx

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An American spy plane by the name of U-2 photographed nuclear missile sites being made in Cuba (October 1962). President Kennedy didn't want anyone (the American public or the Soviets) to know of his knowledge of the missile site, so he met with advisers multiple time before deciding to set up a naval blockade around Cuba. Since the blockade prevented the Soviets from getting military supplies, they agreed to take down the site and remove the existing missiles if America didn't invade Cuba. The relationship between the two superpowers was still incredibly tense even without the scare of the missiles since Russia was still making their military up afterwards in hopes to surpass that of the U.S.

from: http://www.jfklibrary.org/JFK/JFK-in-History/Cuban-Missile-Crisis.aspx

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"Мы вас похороним!", spoken by Nikita Krushchev (the Soviet General Secretary, pretty much the Highest level of power) in 1956 while addressing western ambassadors at Polish embassy in Moscow. Although the original context translates better to mean, "The people of the world are on the side of the Soviets, you will be buried in history by your capitalist ways", the Russian-to-English interpreter's on-the-spot translation would cause quite a response-"We will bury you" sounds rather like a threat of nuclear annihilation.

Source: www.nationalcoldwarexhibition.org

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Détente is a french word that means release from tension and during this time, the United States and Soviet Union tried to improve relations. Both countries wanted to increase trade among each other and decrease the likelihood of nuclear warfare. Several meetings between President Nixon and Soviet Secretary-general Brezhnev and helped strengthen relationships by signing military agreements to stop military clashes and start the sale of grain to the Soviets. President Jimmy Carter helped support these agreements entitled the Salt Treaty until the election of President Reagan who emphasized military readiness.
Sources:History.com

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The Space Race (1955-1972) (Andrew Benson)

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The Space Race (1955-1972) (Andrew Benson)

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The Space Race was a competetion between the United States and the Soviet Union to see who had stronger capabilities for entering outer space. The events taken throughout the "race" included who could put the first  spacecraft into orbit (USSR's Sputnik, achieved in 1957) and who would be the first to set foot on the Moon (U.S. Apollo 11, achieved in 1969). This was important in history because the world was able to see who, out of the two countries, had the strongest science, technology, and economic system. The U.S. were seen as the winners of this "race" and the Soviet Union were seen as the bad guys for attempting to prove that the power of Communism could beat the U.S., which could definitely hinder the relationship between the two countries.

Source: http://www.history.com/topics/space-race