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America's isolation from war ended on December 7, 1941 after Japan staged a surprise attack on American military installations at Pearl Harbor. President Roosevelt asked the Congress to declare war on Japan which led to Germany and Italy declaring war on the United States. America needed to quickly raise and train a big military force. The nation mobilized its human and material resources for war. Americans volunteered to fight against the Axis powers. A military volunteer is a person who enlists in military service by free will.

38.8% (6,332,000) of U.S. servicemen and all servicewomen were volunteers (1941-1945)

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By late 1942 all men aged 18 to 64 were required to register for the draft, though in practice the system concentrated on men under 38. Eventually 36 million men registered.

61.2% (11,535,000) were draftees (1941-1945)

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Minority groups and their military service

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Minority groups and their military service

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African-Americans served in separate units during WWII. They weren't integrated with 'white' troops until the Vietnam War. There were restrictions on Japanese serving, though there were no such restrictions against Italian-Americans or German-Americans.

African American | 901,896

Puerto Rican | 51,438

Japanese American | 33,000

American Indian | 20,000

Chinese American | 13,311

Filipino American | 11,506

Hawaiian | 1,320

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During World War II, American women entered the workforce in unprecedented numbers. The munitions industry heavily recruited women workers, as represented by the U.S. government's "Rosie the Riveter" propaganda campaign. Between 1940 and 1945, the female percentage of the U.S. workforce increased from 27 percent to nearly 37 percent.

In 1945, women comprised 36.1 percent of the civilian labor force.

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President Roosevelt established the Office of Price Administration (OPA) in 1941 to “stabilize prices and rents and prevent unwarranted increases in them; to prevent profiteering, hoarding and speculation; to assure that defense appropriations were not dissipated by excessive prices; to protect those with fixed incomes from undue impairment of their living standards; to assist in securing adequate production; and to prevent a post-emergency collapse of values.” It was created to stabilize both wages and prices which developed a black market in response to price controls.

In 1944, a total of 338,029 violations were reported

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Women have served in military conflicts since the American Revolution, but World War II was the first time that women served in the United States military in an official capacity. As their husbands, sons and brothers left home, many American women wondered why they could not do it as well. Representative Edith Nourse Rogers introduced a bill in May 1941 calling for the creation of an all-volunteer women's corps in the Army.

Women's Army Corps (WAC) | 150,000

Navy’s Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service (WAVES) | 100,000

Coast Guard Women’s Reserves (SPARS) | 10,000

Marine Corps Women’s Reserve | 23,000

Army Nurse Corps | 60,000

Navy Nurse Corps | 14,000

Women’s Airforce Service Pilots (WASP) | 1,074

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To finance the war, the government issued savings bonds: a way for an American citizen to invest money by lending it to the government. Savings bonds helped the war effort in another way, everyone was now working and had money to spend unlike during the Great Depression.

85 million Americans purchased bonds worth a total of more than $180 billion

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The Arsenal of Democracy was the slogan used by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in a radio broadcast on 29 December 1941 to describe the United States as he tried to arouse popular support for sending military aid to nations fighting against the Axis powers.

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The federal government needed to control supply and demand. Rationing was introduced to avoid public anger with shortages and not to allow only the wealthy to purchase commodities. By spring, Americans were unable to purchase sugar without government-issued food coupons. Vouchers for coffee were introduced in November, and by March of 1943, meat, cheese, fats, canned fish, canned milk and other processed foods were added to the list of rationed provisions.

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Over 127,000 United States citizens were imprisoned during World War II after the attack at Pearl Harbor because they had Japanese ancestry. President Roosevelt signed an executive order in February 1942 ordering the relocation of all Americans of Japanese ancestry to concentration camps in the interior of the United States. Almost two-thirds of the interns were NISEI, or Japanese Americans born in the United States. It made no difference that many of them had never even been to Japan; even Japanese-American veterans of World War I were forced to leave their homes.

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Office of War Administration (propaganda)

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Office of War Administration (propaganda)

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The United States Office of War Information (OWI) was a United States government agency created during World War II to consolidate existing government information services and deliver propaganda both at home and abroad. Propaganda was used to increase support for the war and commitment to an Allied victory. OWI worked from June 1942 until September 1945.

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During World War II the War Production Board (WPB) was granted supreme authority to direct procurement of materials and industrial production programs. The purpose of the board was to regulate the production and allocation of materials and fuel. The national WPB's primary task was converting civilian industry to war production.