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Forms when a rock is changes by heat or pressure, or by chemical reactions.

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Forms when small particleps of rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together.

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In banded rocks, grain can: lie in a pattern of flat layers, can form swirls or colored bands. Nonbanded rocks have grains that don't lie in any vsible pattern

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Forms from the cooling of magma or lava.

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Rocks are made of mixtures of minerals and other materials. Some rocks contain only a single mineral. About 20 minerals make up most of the rocks of Earth's crust. These are called ROCK-FORMING MINERALS.
A rock's color provides clues to the rock's mineral composition. GRANITE isn generally a light-colored rock that has high silica content. BASALT is a dark-colored that has a lower silica content than granite has.

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Geologists have classified rocks into 3 mayor groups.

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Some rock's grain shape result from the shape of the mineral crystal that form the rock. Other grain shapes results from rounded or jagged bits of several rocks.

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Geologists have discovered that they can classify a rock according to their origin.

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Fine-grained rocks's grains are so small that they can be seen only wih a microscope. Rocks with grains that are easy to se are said to be coarse grained.

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To study a rock sample, geologists observe the rock's minerals composition,color, and texture.

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Most rocks are made up of particles of minerals or other rocks, which geologists call grains