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You create and manipulate your documents and files using various elements, such as panels, bars, and windows. Any arrangement of these elements is called a workspace.

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a set of icons or buttons that are part of a software program's interface or an open window. When it is part of a program's interface, the toolbar typically sits directly under the menu bar. For example, AdobePhotoshop includes a toolbar that allows you to adjust settings for each selected tool.

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the Grand Central Station for managing layers. To display the palette, choose Window–>Show Layers or just press F7.

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a user interface element that contains selectable commands and options for a specific program.

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a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels. With the adjustment layers, you can edit and discard your adjustments or restore your original image at any time.

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The Hue/Saturation command in Photoshop Elements enables you to adjust the colors in your image based on their hue, saturation, and lightness. Hue is the color in your image. Saturation is the intensity, or richness, of that color. And lightness controls the brightness value.

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color balance is the global adjustment of the intensities of the colors (typically red, green, and blue primary colors). An important goal of this adjustment is to render specific colors – particularly neutralcolors – correctly.

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allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys. The move tool is located at the top right of the Photoshop Toolbox. When the move tool is selected, click and drag anywhere in the image.

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allows you to zoom in on the image to get a better idea of the actual pixel makeup of a section you are working on. It is fairly easy to use thetool. You simply click on the zoom icon and then click on the canvas. The canvas will zoom one step for each mouse click.

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you can hold down the Alt key (Option key on the Mac) and click the image to zoom out, or hold down the Ctrl key (Command key on the Mac) and click to zoom in — without needing to press the spacebar like you would with the normal keyboard shortcut.

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can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area. The basic principle is that the texture from the sample area is blended with the color and luminosity surrounding wherever you paint.

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healing tool in Photoshop and can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from the sampled area seamlessly with the target area.

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operates in a lasso selection mode that can be used to define the area to patchfrom or patch to. For example, you can hold down the Option/Alt key to temporarily convert the patch tool to become a polygonal lasso tool with which to draw straight line selection edges.

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allow you to select pixels and move or extend them to another area of your image without the use of layers and masks.

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an easy-to-use tool for removing red eyefrom photographs that have been taken with a direct flash source.

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Photographers hold back light to lighten an area on the print (dodging)

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increase the exposure to darken areas on a print (burning).

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saturates / desaturates image areas:

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. This is a very handy tool for selecting areas which have reasonably well-defined edges. Left-click at the starting point of your selection and simply move the mouse along the edge. "Fastening points" are automatically made at various points along the edges.

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. This determines how closely to match colours - higher tolerance means a larger selection. Check Anti-aliased to define a smooth edge to the selection.

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Similar to the lasso tool, except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges. You can also hold down the Alt key (Windows) or Option key (Mac OS) to draw freehand sections.

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to quickly “paint” a selection using an adjustable round brush tip. As you drag, the selection expands outward and automatically finds and follows defined edges in the image. Select the Quick Selection tool . (If the toolisn't visible, hold down the Magic Wand tool

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is the most basic of selection tools and often the one most useful. This tool is used to draw selections based on geometric shapes. Specifically, themarquee tool allows you to draw rectangular and elliptical selections. To form the selection, simply click and drag the mouse.

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Photoshop's clone stamp tool allows you to duplicate part of an image. The process involves setting a sampling point in the image which will be used as a reference to create a new cloned area. Select the Clone Stamp tool , then check the settings in the options bar.

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cuts out a defined area deleting or hiding the rest of an image: In the Toolbox, select theCrop Tool, click on the image and draw a rectangle holding mouse's button pressed. When you release the button a bounding box appears. You can move, resize and rotate it.

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Display aspect ratio is the ratio of image width to height (in a unit of length such as centimeters or inches) when displayed on screen, and is calculated from the combination of pixel aspect ratio and storage aspect ratio.

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Use the Crop tool to crop and straighten photos inPhotoshop.

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the layer mask is a tool that allow you to eliminate and replace pixels of alayer at any time.

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The Blur Tool is used to paint a blur effect. Each stroke made using the Blur Tool will lower the contrast between affected pixels, making them appear blurred. ... A softblur brush will alter pixels at varying strengths, stronger in the center turning weaker towards the edges.

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Sharpening enhances the definition of edges in an image. Whether your images come from a digital camera or a scanner, most images can benefit from sharpening. ... Sharpen your image multiple times in small amounts. Sharpen the first time to correct blur captured by a scanner or digital camera

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A smudge tool in Photoshop can be used to create a lens blur effect and to blend certain aspects of a picture

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The Gradient tool creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradient fills or create your own

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The Paint Bucket tool fills an area, that is similar in color value to the pixels you click.

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The Horizontal Type Tool creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer. In the Toolbox, select the Horizontal Type Tool. On the Options bar, set the font options: family (style), size, color and anti-aliasing method. Click on your image and type.

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a period shortly after sunrise or before sunset during which daylight is redder and softer than when the Sun is higher in the sky.

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a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center. The word vignette, from the same root as vine, originally referred to a decorative border in a book.

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creates and edits vector-based text in a separate layer. In the Toolbox, select the Vertical Type Tool. On the Options bar, set the font options: family (style), size, color and anti-aliasing method.

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High-dynamic-range imaging (HDRI) is a high dynamic range (HDR) technique used in imaging and photography to reproduce a greater dynamic range of luminosity than is possible with standard digital imaging or photographic techniques.

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the camera determines a proper exposure not on the average brightness levels of the whole frame, but just of one specific spot. This photographer, like me, is principally a landscape photographer.

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one of four modes found mostly on Canon cameras to help measure a subject's brightness, enabling the photographer to take a correct exposure. Spot metering on Nikon cameras work very similar to partial metering on Canon cameras.

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a mode of automatic light metering in a camera that compensates for differences in the brightness of the central and peripheral portions of the image.

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the default metering mode on most DSLRs. It works similarly to the above example by dividing the entire frame into multiple “zones”, which are then all analyzed on individual basis for light and dark tones.

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A photo divided into two sections

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A photo divided into three sections