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Volcanoes are generally found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and most are found underwater.
the most common perception of a volcano is of a conical mountain, spewing lava and poisonous gases from a crater at its summit.
Volcano Structure
The main parts of a volcano are 1) the crater, a depression at the top of the volcano from which volcanic material has been ejected; 2) the vent, the conduit between crater and the magma; and 3) the cone, the area around the crater at the top of the volcano, made up of material ejected during an eruption. Many volcanoes have several craters, cones and vents.

Some volcanoes have lava tubes. A lava tube is an unusual environment. They are empty caverns that are not penetrated by rainstorms or roots and thus experience no erosion.

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2 ) A Volcano is a rapture in the Earth's crust, where incandescent materials such as LAVA and gases come out, but there are also solid fragments of different sizes and shapes called pyroclastic particles:  

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2 ) A Volcano is a rapture in the Earth's crust, where incandescent materials such as LAVA and gases come out, but there are also solid fragments of different sizes and shapes called pyroclastic particles:  

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PUMICES, are fragments of light and porous lava that quickly cooled down
LAPILLI, are tiny little fragments of solid lava,
VOLCANIC BOMB, are blocks of solid lava up to 30 cm in size.
This happens because rocks melt together deep down inside the Earth and become fluid because it is very hot and there is a high pressure. The melted rock is called MAGMA . It contains steam and gases . Magma remains inside the Earth or moves along fractures in the lithosphere until it reaches the surface and comes out. In this case  there is a Volcanic eruption.

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Shield volcanoes, so named for their broad, shield-like profiles, are formed by the eruption of low-viscosity lava that can flow a great distance from a vent. They generally do not explode catastrophically. Since low-viscosity magma is typically low in silica, shield volcanoes are more common in oceanic than continental settings. The Hawaiian volcanic chain is a series of shield cones, and they are common in Iceland, as well.

Volcanic cones  result from eruptions of mostly small pieces of scoria  (that  resemble cinders, hence the name of this volcano type) that build up around the vent. These can be relatively short-lived eruptions that produce a cone-shaped hill perhaps 30 to 400 meters high. Most cinder cones erupt only once.

Stratovolcanoes (composite volcanoes)

Cross-section through a stratovolcano (vertical scale is exaggerated):

1. Large magma chamber

2. Bedrock

3. Conduit (pipe)

4. Base

5. Sill

6. Dike

7. Layers of ash emitted by the volcano

8. Flank

9. Layers of lava emitted by the volcano

10. Throat

11. Parasitic cone

12. Lava flow

13. Vent

14. Crater

15. Ash cloud

Main article: Stratovolcano
Composite Volcanoes
Some of the Earth's grandest mountains are composite volcanoes--sometimes called stratovolcanoes. They are typically steep-sided, symmetrical cones of large dimension built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, cinders, blocks, and bombs and may rise as much as 8,000 feet above their bases.

Most composite volcanoes have a crater at the summit which contains a central vent or a clustered group of vents. Lavas either flow through breaks in the crater wall or issue from fissures on the flanks of the cone. Lava, solidified within the fissures, forms dikes that act as ribs which greatly strengthen the cone.

The essential feature of a composite volcano is a conduit system through which magma from a reservoir deep in the Earth's crust rises to the surface. The volcano is built up by the accumulation of material erupted through the conduit and increases in size as lava, cinders, ash, etc., are added to its slopes.

Classic examples include Mount Vesuvius and Stromboli in Italy.

Submarine volcanoes are common features of the sea  . In shallow water, active volcanoes disclose their presence by blasting steam and rocky debris high above the ocean's surface. In the ocean's deep, the tremendous weight of the water above prevents the explosive release of steam and gases;  Pillow lava is a common eruptive product of submarine volcanoes and is characterized by thick sequences of discontinuous pillow-shaped masses which form under water.

The Stromboli stratovolcano off the coast of Sicily has erupted continuously for thousands of years, giving rise to the term strombolian eruption.

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DIFFERENT VOLCANOES:- This video describes various types of volcano that can exist, and explains the processes that contribute to their particular development. Most volcanoes erupt along subduction zones, where the Earth's tectonic plates push against one another. The video uses the examples of volcanoes in Hawaii and Mexico, two of the most volcanically active areas on the planet.

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Vesuvius,

On August 24, A.D. 79,Vesuvius Volcano suddenly exploded and destroyed the Roman cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Although Vesuvius had shown stir-rings of life when a succession`of earthquakes in A.D. 63 caused some damage, it had been literally quiet for hundreds of years and was considered "extinct." Its surface and crater were green and covered with vegetation, so the eruption was totally unexpected. Yet in a few hours, hot volcanic ash and dust buried the two cities so thoroughly that their ruins were not uncovered for nearly 1,700 years, when the discovery of an outer wall in 1748 started a period of modern archeology. Vesuvius has continued its activity intermittently ever since A.D 79 with numerous minor eruptions and several major eruptions occurring in 1631, 1794, 1872, 1906 and in 1944 in the midst of the Italian campaign of World War II.