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Medial Epicondylitis (Little Leaguer’s elbow)

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Medial Epicondylitis (Little Leaguer’s elbow)

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MOI: Overuse, poor form, repeated twists of the wrist (such as when using a screwdriver)
Signs and Symptoms: Pain that runs from medial elbow to wrist, pain when flexing wrist, pain when shaking hands, weak grasp, numbness in elbow that runs to pinky finger and ring finger
Treatment: Rest, Ice, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medicines, stretching, strengthening exercises, correct form
Prevention: Use correct form, stretching, strengthening exercises

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MOI: Hyperextension or Hyperflexion
Signs and Symptoms: Pain, swelling, bruising, disfigured joint, loss of joint function
Treatment: Ice, splint or cast, realignment of bones, anti-inflammatory and pain reducing medications, surgery
Prevention: avoid trauma to hand

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MOI: Overuse, repetitive motions of wrist or arm
Signs and Symptoms: Pain in lateral elbow that radiates into forearm and wrist
Treatment: Rest, ice, NSAIDs, change/correct technique, change equipment (ex. Larger tennis grip size on racket)
Prevention Strategies: Proper equipment and form, cut back on amount of time you play/work.

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MOI: Sudden blow to shoulder, extreme rotation of shoulder, fall onto shoulder
Signs and Symptoms: Visibly deformed or out of place, swelling, bruising, intense pain, inability to move joint
Treatment: Place back shoulder, surgery, rest and ice
Prevention: Avoid falls, wear protective equipment, exercise regularly
Special Tests: N/A

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MOI: Repetitive overhead activities (Throwing a ball, serving in tennis), falling on an outstretched hand
Signs and Symptoms: Dull ache in deep shoulder, difficulty raising or lowering arm, arm weakness, disturb sleep if you lie on affected shoulder
Treatment: Rest, Heat or cold to sore area, pain medications, Electrical stimulation, Cortisone injections, Ultrasound, Surgery
Prevention Strategies: Stretching and strengthening exercises

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MOI: falling onto outstretched arm, or a direct blow to the shoulder; likely from a car accident or sport injury
Signs/Symptoms: shoulder looks abnormal from the end of a bone sticking up or the shoulder hanging lower than normal. Pain is usually at the very top of the shoulder.

Treatment: Most people recover from a shoulder separation without surgery, within 2 to 12 weeks. Treated with ice, medicines, a sling, and then exercises as you continue to heal.
Prevention: Stretching, protective equipment

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MOI: Direct blow to the shoulder, fall onto outstretched arm.
Signs and Symptoms: Sagging of shoulder downwards and inwards, inability to lift arm due to pain, grinding sensation when attempting to lift arm, deformity over the break, bruising, swelling, tenderness.
Treatment: Arm support (sling), Pain medication, surgery (if needed) and physical therapy.
Prevention Strategy: Pads, don't get hit in the shoulder

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Mechanism of Injury: repetitive activities that involve moving and/or raising arms to or above shoulder level.
Signs/Symptoms: pain that occurs when the person lifts their arms overhead or reaches backwards. The pain can be at the shoulder, near the top of the arm, or down the outside of the arm.
Treatment: might be recommended you see an orthopedic surgeon to find out about surgically repairing the damage. But if your healthcare provider does not think that is warranted, he or she will likely suggest medication, exercises, stretches, or avoiding painful activities.
Prevention: properly stretching before exercise.