# data[].attributes.headline
Yusof Zairullail (Effects of New Economic Policy (NEP) on Fishermen)

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Yusof Zairullail (Effects of New Economic Policy (NEP) on Fishermen)

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https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00137484

This article provides an empirical evaluation of the government scholarship policy in Malaysia.

http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14631369.2012.625692?src=recsys
This article generally is about the processes of modernisation, industrialisation and urbanisation that took place especially after the National Economic Policy (NEP) was implemented in 197.

www.oecd.org/countries/malaysia/2682426.pdf
This article are very good for us as a revision about Macroeconomic Performance and Development Policy, Integration of the Malaysian Economy, Income Inequality and Poverty and so on.

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TRAWLING FISHING ISSUES

Reference 1

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303863076_False_Alarm_Is_Fishing_Rezoning_Necessary_in_Malaysia

This article tell us about the regulation of trawling fishing and Fishing Rezoning Necessary in Malaysia.

Reference 2

https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/online-exclusive/behind-the-cage/2014/11/14/ban-on-trawling-needed-to-save-our-seafood/

This website tell us about the effect of trawling fishing and why it is prohibited in Malaysia

Reference 3

https://activeoceans.wordpress.com/2015/05/13/environmental-impacts-of-trawling-and-longline-fishing/

This website tell us about effect of fishing gear to environment and solution to reduce this problem.

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Bycatch

https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/bycatch
This website is describe about definition and the effect of the bycatch.

https://oceantoday.noaa.gov/reducingbycatch/
This website is explaning how to reduce the bycatch.

http://slowfood.com/slowfish/pagine/eng/pagina.lasso?-id_pg=43
The list of destructive fishing techniques and the explaining of the techniques was provided by this website.

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Trawl Fishing Issues

https://marine-conservation.org/what-we-do/program-areas/how-we-fish/destructive-fishing/

This website describe about what is bottom trawling, the effects of trawling and ways to prevent bottom trawling.

http://oceana.org/sites/default/files/reports/Trawling_BZ_10may10_toAudrey.pdf

This article shows the impacts of bottom trawling, and the countries that has banned the bottom trawling.

https://activeoceans.wordpress.com/2015/05/13/environmental-impacts-of-trawling-and-longline-fishing/

This website shows the effects of bottom trawling and solutions to prevent/reduce the impacts of bottom trawling.

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Harmful algae bloom (HAB)

http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=83846

This website shows the news about the toxicity problem happen which lead to deaths in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah because of the red tide.

https://www.epa.gov/nutrientpollution/harmful-algal-blooms

This website shows what is harmful algal blooms. It also tell the effect and causes of harmful algal blooms.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4676275/

This website give the list about type of algal and the effect to human health when it comes to algal bloom.

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management policy
Reference 1-http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/management/acls_ams/index.html

This article is about the use of annual catch limits and accountability measures in federal fisheries.

Reference 2-https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/71/2/153/791087

This article is about the evolution of fishery management .

Reference 3-   http://overfishing.org/pages/what_can_I_do_to_help.php

This article is about how to  manage according to some basic ground rules which are safe catch  limits , controls on bycatch , protection of pristine and important habitats, and monitoring and enforcement .

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Ref 1: https://marine-conservation.org/what-we-do/program-areas/how-we-fish/destructive-fishing/

This article is about the effect of overfishing by trawling and also deeply describe about trawling. In addition, the writer also suggests a scientifically solution.

Ref 2: http://www.fao.org/3/a-bo084e.pdf

This article of journal explain trawl fishing issues by relying on facts and alot of statistics.

Ref 3: http://slowfood.com/slowfish/pagine/eng/pagina.lasso?-id_pg=43

This article list most of non-efficient, destruptive fishery issues especially about trawling and why they considered destructive although they are famous methods of fishing.

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Effects of New Economic Policy (NEP) on Fishermen

Ref 1
http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/mre.5.2.42628923
This article talk about fishery managers is that fishery resources in the inshore waters (0-12 miles) have been biologically overfished.

Ref 2
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X15002870
This article talk about Implications of new economic policy instruments for tuna management in the Western and Central Pacific

Ref 3
https://econpapers.repec.org/article/eeemarpol/v_3a63_3ay_3a2016_3ai_3ac_3ap_3a45-52.htm
This article talk about Implications of new economic policy instruments for tuna management in the Western and Central Pacific

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TRAWLING FISHING ISSUES

REF 1: https://www.marineconservation.org.au/pages/fishing-issues.html

This article share about impact of trawling and overfishing.

REF 2 : http://lifeplatform.eu/electric-pulse-trawling-highly-charged-issue/

This article tell us about electic pulse trawling is dangerous to ecosystem and habitat in water. Electric pulses are not selective, all fish are electrocuted.

REF 3 : https://www.google.com/amp/s/amp.theguardian.com/environment/2010/feb/18/deep-sea-trawling-coral-reefs

This article share about deep-sea trawling is destroying coral reefs and pristine marine habitats.

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Anis Maisarah bt Yahya.                                                  Trawling Fishing issue

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Anis Maisarah bt Yahya.                                                  Trawling Fishing issue

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Reference 1
http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/blue_planet/coasts/coral_reefs/coral_threats/
This article is about bottom trawling that are unselective fishing gear and Marine Conservation Institute had pushed advocate keeping bottom trawl out of vulnerable marine.

Reference 2
http://www.seafoodwatch.org/ocean-issues/fishing-and-farming-methods
This article had introduced about some of the fishing gear and the suitability of use to minimize its impact on the environment.

Reference 3
https://www.google.com/amp/s/activeoceans.wordpress.com/2015/05/13/environmental-impacts-of-trawling-and-longline-fishing/amp/
This article is about why overfishing is such a harmful and global issues and how it's leading to negative changes in marine ecosystem.

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Effects of New Economic Policy (NEP) on fishermen

http://www.epu.gov.my/en/development-policies/new-economic-policy
This article show definition of NEP and its objectives.

http://www.fao.org/3/a-ac063e/AC063E02.htm
These facts are about the effects of fisheries after applying NEP.

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Trawl Fishing Issues.
Ref 1. http://www.wwf.org.my/?13700/WWF-Malaysia--Department-of-Fisheries--undertaking-efforts-to-improve-trawling-practices-in-Malaysia
This article shows us how to mitigating and minimizing the negative impacts of trawling which includes identifying and implementing potential alternative gears and practices with the Department of Fisheries.

Ref 2. http://m.greenpeace.org/international/en/high/news/Blogs/makingwaves/7-reasons-bottom-trawling-is-bad-news/blog/56982/
This article shows that trawling is one of the most basic and most effective ways of catching sea life. If you’ve eaten fish, most were probably caught by trawling and their major issues.

Ref 3 .http://oceana.org/reports/impacts-bottom-trawling-fisheries-tourism-and-marine-environment
This article show impacts of bottom trawling of fisheries ,tourism and marine environment.

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Trawling Fishing Issues

Ref 1:
https://www.consumer.org.my/index.php/development/environment/506-ban-trawl-fishing-now-to-prevent-the-collapse-of-our-fisheries

This article tell us that trawling fishing now needed to be ban to prevent the collapse of our fisheries.

Ref 2:
https://www.thestar.com.my/opinion/online-exclusive/behind-the-cage/2014/11/14/ban-on-trawling-needed-to-save-our-seafood/
This article tell us about why trawling needed to be ban to save our seafood.

Ref 3:
http://www.wwf.org.my/?13700/WWF-Malaysia--Department-of-Fisheries--undertaking-efforts-to-improve-trawling-practices-in-Malaysia
This article shows that WWF-Malaysia will work towards mitigating and minimizing the negative impacts of trawling which includes identifying and implementing potential alternative gears and practices with the Department of Fisheries.

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Management Policies to Prevent Overfishing

Reference 1:
http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/sfa/management/acls_ams/index.html
This article is about how to end the overfishing through annual catch limits and accountability measures in federal fisheries.

Reference 2:
http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/imported-old/other-resources/2011/08/09/changing-the-game-new-plans-to-prevent-overfishing
This article says about pulling out some new tools to fix the overfishing problem.They also plan to set the catch limits on dozens of species.

Reference 3:
http:/thererevolutionmovie.com/index.php/open-your-eyes/overfishing/solutions/
This articles gives important solutions on how to prevent overfishing that occurs in the world.

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TRAWL FISHING ISSUES

Reference 1 :
https://amp.theguardian.com/environment/2010/feb/18/deep-sea-trawling-coral-reefs
The article discuss about deep sea trawling destroying coral reefs and pristine.

Reference 2 :
http://oceana.org/sites/default/files/reports/Trawling_BZ_10may10_toAudrey.pdf
The report tells about the impact of trawl fishing on fisheries and tourism.

Reference 3 :
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Trawling
The article tells that most trawl net are lack of selectivity which leads to capturing by-catch.

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Management Policies to Prevent

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Effect of New Economy Policy (NEP) of Fisherman
-the first article describes about NEP and also introduce strategies to achieve the policy and their objectives .
-the second article describes more about NEP and shows the good and bad side of NEP . how can NEP fail and succeed .
http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/opinion/2012/06/21/nep-the-good-and-the-bad/
-the third one shows the distribution and growth of Malaysia's NEP .it's in a pdf form and make us understand more about Malaysia's NEP and how can we increase the growth
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=https://mjes.um.edu.my/article/download/2779/966&ved=0ahUKEwiugI6HpavXAhUfS48KHdFaAp4QFghXMAk&usg=AOvVaw2blLaBeksk0ys79JglgeS0

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FISHERMEN RELOCATION PROGRAMME IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA

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Under the policy guidance of the Steering Committee, the DOF resettled about 1,000 fishermen in FELDA schemes of Terengganu, Pahang, and Johor during 1976 and 1980 under the Third Malaysia Plan. In addition, 426 fishermen were selected to take part in paddy plantation in 1981 and another 100 fishermen were resettled in the Kandis tobacco project in Kelantan in 1984.

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Management Policies to Prevent Overfishing
#ref:1
http://conservefish.org/2016/02/01/fisheries-management-science-policy-politics/
This article is about how to prevent extreme overfishing at the ocean.
Ref2:
https://www.edf.org/oceans/how-turn-around-overfishing-crisis
This article is about how to fix a broken system and incentives are working among the fishermen and fishery managers to save our food supply.
Ref3:
https://www.marineconservation.org.au/pages/overfishing.html
This article about the relationship between two government to manage the ocean resources

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Trawl fishing issues
# Ref: 1
https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/73/6/1557/2458917
This article is about the characteristics of pulse trawl fishing which is an electrical stimulation and the effect on behaviour and injuries of Atlantic cod.

# Ref: 2 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2664.12353/full

This article is about the cumulative effect of trawl fishing on a multispecies fish assemblage in south-eastern Australia.

# Ref: 3 http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0343

This article is about the effect of closing bottom trawling on fisheries, biodiversity, and fishing communities in a boreal marine ecosystem named the Hawke Box.

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Trawling Fishing Issues

Reference 1 : https://conserveturtles.org/information-sea-turtles-threats-commercial-trawl-fishing/

This article explains about threat that sea turtles are facing , and in this article also states the problems and the solutions.

Reference 2 : http://fishingnews.co.uk/news/pulse-trawling-set-to-get-green-light/

This article describes the controversial of electric pulse trawling.

Reference 3 : https://www.environmentalscience.org/environmental-consequences-fishing-practices

This article states about the consequences of fishing practices which also includes trawling activity.

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Trawl Fishing Issues

Reference 1:
http://clarechampion.ie/trawling-through-fishing-issues/
This article is about to avoid trawl fishing issues by mapping the existing policy and licensing regimes

Reference 2:
https://soundwaves.usgs.gov/2016/05/research3.html
This article tell us about The global Impact of Bottom trawling

Reference 3:

This article said that fishing methods become increasingly extreme.

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Management policies to prevent overfishing

Reference 1:

http://overfishing.org/pages/what_can_I_do_to_help.php

This article tell us about the effects of overfishing and how to reduce it.

Reference 2:

https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/overfishing

This article is about how overfishing occurs and the importance of fish for people around the world.

Reference 3:

http://therevolutionmovie.com/index.php/open-your-eyes/overfishing/solutions/

This article about the solutions to prevent overfishing all around the world.

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TRAWL FISHING ISSUES

Reference 1:

https://www.marineconservation.org.au/pages/fishing-issues.html

This article said that there are some species that are overfished and some non-target fish are being caught

Reference 2:

http://oceana.org/sites/default/files/reports/Trawling_BZ_10may10_toAudrey.pdf

This slide describes the negative impacts of bottom trawling and few countries has ban this activity

Reference 3:

http://m.greenpeace.org/international/en/high/news/Blogs/makingwaves/7-reasons-bottom-trawling-is-bad-news/blog/56982/

This article is about reasons why bottom trawling is bad for our seabeds

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trawl fishing issues
Reference 1
https://www.nap.edu/read/10323/chapter/5
This article state about the impact of trawling on Seafloor habitat.

Reference 2
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trawling
This article state about the environmental effect and damage cause by trawling.

Reference 3
www.afma.gov.au/portfolio-item/trawling/
This article state about what is trawling? and how the shape of trawl look like and the use of trawl.

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Management policies to prevent overfishing

REFERENCE 1 :
http://overfishing.org/pages/what_can_I_do_to_help.php
This article is about several basics rules to prevent overfishing.

REFERENCE 2:

http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/imported-old/other-resources/2011/08/09/changing-the-game-new-plans-to-prevent-overfishing
This article is more about a brainstorming between a research from many direction.They changing ideas and idealogy on the same topics that was how to prevent overfishing.

REFERENCE 3:
http://therevolutionmovie.com/index.php/open-your-eyes/overfishing/solutions/
This article is easy to understand about how to prevent overfishing.

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TRAWL FISHING ISSUES

REFERENCE 1:

https://www.nap.edu/read/10323/chapter/5

The article is about how mobile fishing gear has become a disturbance to the benthic communities.

REFERENCE 2:

http://oceana.org/reports/impacts-bottom-trawling-fisheries-tourism-and-marine-environment

The website is about the harm impacts of the bottom trawling on fisheries,tourism and the marine environment that cause to all living things.

REFERENCE 3:

https://kierasbottomtrawlfishing.weebly.com/what-are-the-advantagedisadvantages-to-human-and-aquatic-life-from-bottom-trawling.html

The article is about advantages and disadvantages towards human and aquatic life from the bottom trawl fishing.

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MANAGEMENT POLICIES TO PREVENT OVERFISHING

REFERENCE 1 :

http://www.eschooltoday.com/overfishing/overfishing-regulations-and-controls.html

This article is about situation where humans catch too much fish from the oceans in such massive quantities and fast pace than nature can naturally replenish.

REFERENCE 2 :

http://therevolutionmovie.com/index.php/open-your-eyes/overfishing/solutions/

This article is about the solution on how to prevent overfishing by some ways that have been implemented around the world.

REFERENCE 3 :

https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-overfishing.php

This article is about a conservation groups around the world focusing on ways to make the fishing industry more sustainable in the long run.

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TRAWL FISHING ISSUE
REFERENCE 1
http://oceana.org/reports/impacts-bottom-trawling-fisheries-tourism-and-marine-environment
The website state the negative impacts of bottom trawling on fisheries,tourism and marine ecosystem.

REFERENCE 2
https://www.laboratoryequipment.com/news/2013/09/trawling-ocean-floor-can-boost-fish-populations
The research state that trawling ocean floor can increase fish population and it mention how it can boost fish production.

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Trawl fishing issues
Reference 1 :
http://safinacenter.org/2015/02/fishing-gear-101-trawls-bulldozers-ocean/
This articles tells us about what is the trawl fish,what does a trawl catch, and how do trawls affect the ocean? It also consists videos about trawling fishing.
Reference 2 : https://www.consumer.org.my/index.php/development/environment/506-ban-trawl-fishing-now-to-prevent-the-collapse-of-our-fisheries
This website about ban trawl fishing which is increasing rapidly due to the growing demand of trash fish for aquaculture to prevent collapse of source of fisheries in Malaysia.
Reference 3 :
http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/nation/2012/08/04/call-for-ban-on-trawl-nets/
This article tells us about the issue which is the Consumers Association of Penang (CAP) wants the federal government to ban the use of trawl nets in the fishery sector.The CAP said that more than 10000 coastal fishermen badly hit by the activities of the trawlers.

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Trawl Fishing Issues
Reference 1:
http://www.fao.org/3/a-bo084e.pdf
This article is about the trawls fisheries in Malaysia, they stated some issues that happened in Malaysia caused by trawls fisheries and the solutions to solve these problems.

Reference 2:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080215121207.htm
This article is about the impact of trawl fisheries to the seafloor and the consequence that we will face in the future.

Reference 3:
https://conserveturtles.org/11479-2/
This article is about the effect of shrimp trawl to sea turtle and the function operated by TED to save sea turtle

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trawl fish issues

:) reference 1-
https://marine-conservation.org/what-we-do/program-areas/how-we-fish/destructive-fishing/
The article explains about what is bottom trawl and why it is a problem to the seafloor ecosystem

:) reference 2-
http://oceana.org/sites/default/files/reports/Trawling_BZ_10may10_toAudrey.pdf
The document describes about the impact of bottom trawling on  Fisheries, Tourism, and the Marine Environment

:) reference 3-
https://www.consumer.org.my/index.php/development/environment/506-ban-trawl-fishing-now-to-prevent-the-collapse-of-our-fisheries
The website tells about to ban trawl fishing. To prevent the collapse of our fisheries in Malaysia. In a recent survey conducted by CAP in Kuala Kedah and Sanglang we found that our fisheries resources were being plundered by trawlers as they were bringing in trash fish by the tonnes.

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~Management Policies to Prevent Overfishing~
*Reference 1*
https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/71/2/153/791087
This book tells about what are the policies and how do they works on Overfishing.

*Reference 2*
https://www.csmonitor.com/commentary/opinion/2013/0325/A-better-way-to-prevent-overfishing
This article talks about the better ways to prevent overfishing.

*Reference 3*
https://www.worldwildlife.org/threats/overfishing
This article tells us what WWF is doing in order to prevent overfishing

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 Sharnietha D/O Ratnam                                                     Trawl fishing issues

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 Sharnietha D/O Ratnam                                                     Trawl fishing issues

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Reference 1:
https://www.nap.edu/read/10323/chapter/5#28
The book discusses about the effects of bottom trawling towards the benthic environment and declining of fish population.
Reference 2:
https://www.mmc.gov/priority-topics/fisheries-interactions-with-marine-mammals/
The article explains about the trawling activity which is interrelated with the bycatch of marine mammals.
Reference 3:
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.anglersjournal.com/.amp/columns/ghost-fishing
The article describes the ghost fishing in the ocean which is caused by lost or dumped trawlnets.

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1- Pick a title from the "Titles" box.
2- Find three credible references which are relevant to the topic you chose.
3- Describe each references with a brief description.

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https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/11/sea-turtle-hundreds-die-off-el-salvador-spd/

This article suggests that shrimp trawling, which had begun since as early as the 1970s in El Salvador, had caused a massive die off of sea turtles in the past.

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-Trawl Fishing Issues
-Management Policies to Prevent Overfishing
-Effects of New Economic Policy (NEP) on Fishermen