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Watch this video to learn North American countries.

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Countries in North America | Geography | GyanLab

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This is a video tutorial on Countries in North America. The lesson has been put out in a map of North America in such a way that it will help you remember all the countries very easily. Enjoy learning!

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Take this quiz until you score an 80% or higher.

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Stretching from Panama to northern Canada, North and Central America is the only continent where you can find every climate type. It is also home to over 500 million people in 24 countries. Use this online map quiz to illustrate these points along with other information from the North and Central American geography unit. Interactive educational games make for excellent classroom activities.

If you want to practice offline, download our printable maps of North and Central America in pdf format.

There is also a Youtube video you can use for memorization!

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Stretching from Panama to northern Canada, North and Central America is the only continent where you can find every climate type. It is also home to over 500 million people in 24 countries. Use this online map quiz to illustrate these points along with other information from the North and Central American geography unit.

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Learn about South American geography with this web page.

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Héctor Fernando Avila | See All Contributors | View Edit History

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South America | Facts, Land, People, & Economy

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South America, fourth largest continent in the world, the southern portion of the landmass generally referred to as the New World, the Western Hemisphere, or simply the Americas. The continent is compact and roughly triangular in shape. Learn more about South America.

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Watch this video about South America.

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Come explore...South America with Lonely Planet Kids

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Take this quiz to test your knowledge on South America. You must make an 80% or higher before you advance.

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"I stumbled upon your fun interactive geography games from a link on the Massachusetts Geographic Alliance Website. Since then, your games have become quite a hit with my competitive colleagues!"
--Candice Gomes, Education Outreach Coordinator, Boston Public Library

Sheppard Software's geography games were featured in the Boston Public Library's 2006 Exhibition on Mapping!

"Terrific online educational games, especially geography."
-- Dallas Children's Museum

"I am a middle school social studies teacher who also sponsors a geography club after school. We love your site for geography games."
--Eleanor Terry and the Dixon Middle School Geography Detective Club

"Awesome site... it is the only reason I am passing my World Geography class!" --Stephen

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"Let me say that you guys have an awesome website. I stumbled across your site one day, and it has been the easiest, most effective, and really
the most fun method for learning geography that I've
found." --David Weaver

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"I stumbled upon your fun interactive geography games from a link on the Massachusetts Geographic Alliance Website. Since then, your games have become quite a hit with my competitive colleagues!" --Candice Gomes, Education Outreach Coordinator, Boston Public Library Sheppard Software's geography games were featured in the Boston Public Library's 2006 Exhibition on Mapping!

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Use this website to discover information about Antartica.

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Antarctica is a frozen, windswept continent, so hostile and remote that it has no permanent inhabitants.

Scientists in Antarctica study the land and the atmosphere as well as clues buried beneath the ice.

They have made many discoveries, including signs of future change that could affect us all.

Take a journey through this site and begin discovering Antarctica for yourself. Each section features activities, images, video clips and fact sheets, to help you learn about this distant, frozen wilderness.
Click a topic to begin discovering Antarctica!

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Discovering Antarctica - interactive education for schools

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Antarctica is a frozen, windswept continent, so hostile and remote that it has no permanent inhabitants. Scientists in Antarctica study the land and the atmosphere as well as clues buried beneath the ice. They have made many discoveries, including signs of future change that could affect us all.

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You are to write a three-point theme about 3 characteristics of Europe. You can focus on specific countries or Europe as a whole.

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Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. The continent's eastern boundary (north to south) runs along the Ural Mountains and then roughly southwest along the Emba (Zhem) River, terminating at the northern Caspian coast.

Europe's largest islands and archipelagoes include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the British Isles, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Crete, and Cyprus. Its major peninsulas include Jutland and the Scandinavian, Iberian, Italian, and Balkan peninsulas. Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europe's highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long.

Among the continents, Europe is an anomaly. Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. Yet the peninsular and insular western extremity of the continent, thrusting toward the North Atlantic Ocean, provides-thanks to its latitude and its physical geography-a relatively genial human habitat, and the long processes of human history came to mark off the region as the home of a distinctive civilization. In spite of its internal diversity, Europe has thus functioned, from the time it first emerged in the human consciousness, as a world apart, concentrating-to borrow a phrase from Christopher Marlowe -"infinite riches in a little room."

As a conceptual construct, Europa, as the more learned of the ancient Greeks first conceived it, stood in sharp contrast to both Asia and Libya, the name then applied to the known northern part of Africa. Literally, Europa is now thought to have meant "Mainland," rather than the earlier interpretation, "Sunset." It appears to have suggested itself to the Greeks, in their maritime world, as an appropriate designation for the extensive northerly lands that lay beyond, lands with characteristics vaguely known yet clearly different from those inherent in the concepts of Asia and Libya-both of which, relatively prosperous and civilized, were associated closely with the culture of the Greeks and their predecessors. From the Greek perspective then, Europa was culturally backward and scantily settled. It was a barbarian world-that is, a non-Greek one, with its inhabitants making "bar-bar" noises in unintelligible tongues. Traders and travelers also reported that the Europe beyond Greece possessed distinctive physical units, with mountain systems and lowland river basins much larger than those familiar to inhabitants of the Mediterranean region. It was clear as well that a succession of climates, markedly different from those of the Mediterranean borderlands, were to be experienced as Europe was penetrated from the south. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts.

The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. Trade relations beyond its frontiers also drew the remoter regions into its sphere. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination over-and set in motion vast countervailing movements among-the inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe ( see Western colonialism).

As to the territorial limits of Europe, they may seem relatively clear on its seaward flanks, but many island groups far to the north and west-Svalbard, the Faroes, Iceland, and the Madeira and Canary islands-are considered European, while Greenland (though tied politically to Denmark) is conventionally allocated to North America. Furthermore, the Mediterranean coastlands of North Africa and southwestern Asia also exhibit some European physical and cultural affinities. Turkey and Cyprus in particular, while geologically Asian, possess elements of European culture and may be regarded as parts of Europe. Indeed, Turkey has sought membership in the European Union (EU), and the Republic of Cyprus joined the organization in 2004.

Europe's boundaries have been especially uncertain, and hence much debated, on the east, where the continent merges, without sundering physical boundaries, with parts of western Asia. The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstan's Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. Another widely endorsed scheme puts the western portion of the Caucasus region in Europe and the eastern part-that is, the bulk of Azerbaijan and small portions of Armenia, Georgia, and Russia's Caspian Sea coast-in Asia. Still another scheme with many adherents locates the continental boundary along the Aras River and the Turkish border, thereby putting Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia in Europe.

Europe's eastern boundary, however, is not a cultural, political, or economic discontinuity on the land comparable, for example, to the insulating significance of the Himalayas, which clearly mark a northern limit to South Asian civilization. Inhabited plains, with only the minor interruption of the worn-down Urals, extend from central Europe to the Yenisey River in central Siberia. Slavic-based civilization dominates much of the territory occupied by the former Soviet Union from the Baltic and Black seas to the Pacific Ocean. That civilization is distinguished from the rest of Europe by legacies of a medieval Mongol- Tatar domination that precluded the sharing of many of the innovations and developments of European "Western civilization"; it became further distinctive during the relative isolation of the Soviet period. In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union.

Europe occupies some 4 million square miles (10 million square km) within the conventional borders assigned to it. That broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate. Rocks of all geologic periods are exposed, and the operation of geologic forces during an immense succession of eras has contributed to the molding of the landscapes of mountain, plateau, and lowland and has bequeathed a variety of mineral reserves. Glaciation too has left its mark over wide areas, and the processes of erosion and deposition have created a highly variegated and compartmentalized countryside. Climatically, Europe benefits by having only a small proportion of its surface either too cold or too hot and dry for effective settlement and use. Regional climatic contrasts nevertheless exist: oceanic, Mediterranean, and continental types occur widely, as do gradations from one to the other. Associated vegetation and soil forms also show continual variety, but only portions of the dominant woodland that clothed most of the continent when humans first appeared now remain.

All in all, Europe enjoys a considerable and long-exploited resource base of soil, forest, sea, and minerals (notably coal), but its people are increasingly its principal resource. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. A growing percentage of people in urban areas are employed in a wide range of service activities, which have come to dominate the economies of most countries. Nonetheless, in manufacturing and agriculture Europe still occupies an eminent, if no longer necessarily predominant, position. The creation of the European Economic Community in 1957 and the EU in 1993 greatly enhanced economic cooperation between many of the continent's countries. Europe's continuing economic achievements are evidenced by its high standard of living and its successes in science, technology, and the arts.

This article treats the physical and human geography of Europe. For discussion of individual countries of the continent, see specific articles by name-e.g., Italy, Poland, and United Kingdom. For discussion of major cities of the continent, see specific articles by name-e.g., Rome, Warsaw, and London. The principal articles discussing the historical and cultural development of the continent include history of Europe; European exploration; Western colonialism; Aegean civilizations; ancient Greek civilization; ancient Rome; Byzantine Empire; and Holy Roman Empire. Related topics are discussed in such articles as those on religion (e.g., Judaism and Roman Catholicism) and literature (e.g., Greek literature; Dutch literature; and Spanish literature).

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Europe | History, Countries, Map, & Facts

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Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia). It occupies nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. The long processes of history marked it off as the home of a distinctive civilization.

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Test your knowledge on European countries. Make an 80% or higher before moving on.

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Europe: Countries - Map Quiz Game - Seterra

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Do you have an upcoming geography quiz on Europe but can't tell Austria apart from Hungary on a map? This Europe map quiz game has got you covered. From Iceland to Greece and everything in between, this geography study aid will get you up to speed in no time, while also being fun.If you want to practice offline, download our printable maps of Europe in pdf format.

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Watch this video about interesting facts regarding Antartica. Write down the most interesting one to you and turn it in as an exit slip.

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15 Things You Never Knew About Antarctica

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17 Strange things & amazing facts about the continent Antarctica, from being the largest desert to the highest altitude in the world! Subscribe to Talltanic http://goo.gl/wgfvrr There Are No Reptiles On Antarctica 8. Reptiles are warm-blooded and become almost inactive in the cold.

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Use this to refer to while taking the quiz on Africa.

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Unit 6

The geography of Africa is amazing! The entire continent of Africa is the second largest in the world! In fact, Africa is over three times larger than the United States of America. In addition to its stark and untamed beauty, Africa contains huge mountains, such as the breathtaking Mt. Kilimanjaro, lush savannas, tropical rainforests, three enormous deserts (one of which is the largest on earth), and the longest river in the world.

Aside from the unique geography of Africa, the continent is both an enigma and a wonder. Countless novels, poems, movies, and songs have been written about it. Take the following video created by BBC motion gallery, for example. It is a haunting ode to the enchantment of Africa, especially when played alongside Africa's wildlife in their natural habitat:

The tragedy of the continent is that most if it still has not seen its potential. Colonialism, political unrest, and untapped natural resources have kept most of the continent in third world status.

The Great Rift Valley of East Africa is a huge crack in the earth's surface. It stretches from Mozambique in the south, all the way to Sudan in the north. There are places along the rift where the valley walls are over a mile high!

Most of the land near the equator in Africa is abundant, verdant rainforest. Since the rainforest provides oxygen to the entire planet earth, the rainforest is home to many of the world's most important vegetation!

The African savanna, which is north and south of the rainforests, is home to large grazing animals like lions, tigers, giraffes, elephants, and zebras! Because the topsoil is too thin, no farming takes place there.

There are three massive deserts in Africa, one of which is the largest desert in the world: the Sahara. The second is the Kalahari Desert and it is cold and rocky and is situated in Southern Africa. The Namib Desert, situated in southwest Africa, is the hottest and driest place on earth!

Africa is home to four of the five fastest land animals: the cheetah, which can run at a startling 70 miles per hour, the wildebeest, the lion, and the gazelle.

Lake Malawi in southern Africa contains around 500 different species of fish!

Two Nobel Peace prize winners, Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu, live in Africa. They reside in the same country, South Africa, and on the same street, Vilakazi Street! No other place on earth can boast this.

In this unit, students are introduced to the physical geography of Africa. Along with the usual assignments of the unit routine, there are also several map activities, and an engaging travel scrapbook project.

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The geography of Africa is amazing! The entire continent of Africa is the second largest in the world! In fact, Africa is over three times larger than the United States of America. In addition to its stark and untamed beauty, Africa contains huge mountains, such as the breathtaking Mt.

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Read about Australia and write a paragraph about something you learned that you did not previously know.

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Australia, the smallest continent and one of the largest countries on Earth, lying between the Pacific and Indian oceans in the Southern Hemisphere. Australia's capital is Canberra, located in the southeast between the larger and more important economic and cultural centres of Sydney and Melbourne.

The Australian mainland extends from west to east for nearly 2,500 miles (4,000 km) and from Cape York Peninsula in the northeast to Wilsons Promontory in the southeast for nearly 2,000 miles (3,200 km). To the south, Australian jurisdiction extends a further 310 miles (500 km) to the southern extremity of the island of Tasmania, and in the north it extends to the southern shores of Papua New Guinea. Australia is separated from Indonesia to the northwest by the Timor and Arafura seas, from Papua New Guinea to the northeast by the Coral Sea and the Torres Strait, from the Coral Sea Islands Territory by the Great Barrier Reef, from New Zealand to the southeast by the Tasman Sea, and from Antarctica in the far south by the Indian Ocean.

Australia has been called "the Oldest Continent," "the Last of Lands," and "the Last Frontier." Those descriptions typify the world's fascination with Australia, but they are somewhat unsatisfactory. In simple physical terms, the age of much of the continent is certainly impressive-most of the rocks providing the foundation of Australian landforms were formed during Precambrian and Paleozoic time (some 4.6 billion to 252 million years ago)-but the ages of the cores of all the continents are approximately the same. On the other hand, whereas the landscape history of extensive areas in Europe and North America has been profoundly influenced by events and processes that occurred since late in the last Ice Age-roughly the past 25,000 years-in Australia scientists use a more extensive timescale that takes into account the great antiquity of the continent's landscape.

Australia is the last of lands only in the sense that it was the last continent, apart from Antarctica, to be explored by Europeans. At least 60,000 years before European explorers sailed into the South Pacific, the first Aboriginal explorers had arrived from Asia, and by 20,000 years ago they had spread throughout the mainland and its chief island outlier, Tasmania. When Captain Arthur Phillip of the British Royal Navy landed with the First Fleet at Botany Bay in 1788, there may have been between 250,000 and 500,000 Aboriginals, though some estimates are much higher. Largely nomadic hunters and gatherers, the Aboriginals had already transformed the primeval landscape, principally by the use of fire, and, contrary to common European perceptions, they had established robust, semipermanent settlements in well-favoured localities.

The American-style concept of a national "frontier" moving outward along a line of settlement is also inappropriate. There was, rather, a series of comparatively independent expansions from the margins of the various colonies, which were not joined in an independent federated union until 1901. Frontier metaphors were long employed to suggest the existence of yet another extension of Europe and especially of an outpost of Anglo-Celtic culture in the distant "antipodes."

The most striking characteristics of the vast country are its global isolation, its low relief, and the aridity of much of its surface. If, like the English novelist D.H. Lawrence, visitors from the Northern Hemisphere are at first overwhelmed by "the vast, uninhabited land and by the grey charred bush...so phantom-like, so ghostly, with its tall, pale trees and many dead trees, like corpses," they should remember that to Australians the bush-that sparsely populated Inland or Outback beyond the Great Dividing Range of mountains running along the Pacific coast and separating it from the cities in the east-is familiar and evokes nostalgia. It still retains some of the mystical quality it had for the first explorers searching for inland seas and great rivers, and it remains a symbol of Australia's strength and independence; the Outback poem by A.B. ("Banjo") Paterson, " Waltzing Matilda," is the unofficial national anthem of Australia known the world over.

Australia's isolation from other continents explains much of the singularity of its plant and animal life. Its unique flora and fauna include hundreds of kinds of eucalyptus trees and the only egg-laying mammals on Earth, the platypus and echidna. Other plants and animals associated with Australia are various acacias ( Acacia pycnantha [golden wattle] is the national flower) and dingoes, kangaroos, koalas, and kookaburras. The Great Barrier Reef, off the east coast of Queensland, is the greatest mass of coral in the world and one of the world's foremost tourist attractions. The country's low relief results from the long and extensive erosive action of the forces of wind, rain, and the heat of the sun during the great periods of geologic time when the continental mass was elevated well above sea level.

Isolation is also a pronounced characteristic of much of the social landscape beyond the large coastal cities. But an equally significant feature of modern Australian society is the representation of a broad spectrum of cultures drawn from many lands, a development stemming from immigration that is transforming the strong Anglo-Celtic orientation of Australian culture. Assimilation, of course, is seldom a quick and easy process, and minority rights, multiculturalism, and race-related issues have played a large part in contemporary Australian politics. In the late 1990s these issues sparked a conservative backlash.

Australia has a federal form of government, with a national government for the Commonwealth of Australia and individual state governments (those of New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Western Australia, and Tasmania). Each state has a constitution, and its government exercises a limited degree of sovereignty. There are also two internal territories: Northern Territory, established as a self-governing territory in 1978, and the Australian Capital Territory (including the city of Canberra), which attained self-governing status in 1988. The federal authorities govern the external territories of Norfolk Island, the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Christmas Island, Ashmore and Cartier islands, the Coral Sea Islands, and Heard Island and McDonald Islands and claim the Australian Antarctic Territory, an area larger than Australia itself. Papua New Guinea, formerly an Australian external territory, gained its independence in 1975.

Historically part of the British Empire and now a member of the Commonwealth, Australia is a relatively prosperous independent country. Australians are in many respects fortunate in that they do not share their continent-which is only a little smaller than the United States-with any other country. Extremely remote from their traditional allies and trading partners-it is some 12,000 miles (19,000 km) from Australia to Great Britain via the Indian Ocean and the Suez Canal and about 7,000 miles (11,000 km) across the Pacific Ocean to the west coast of the United States-Australians have become more interested in the proximity of huge potential markets in Asia and in the highly competitive industrialized economies of China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Australia, the continent and the country, may have been quite isolated at the beginning of the 20th century, but it entered the 21st century a culturally diverse land brimming with confidence, an attitude encouraged by the worldwide fascination with the land "Down Under" and demonstrated when Sydney hosted the 2000 Olympic Games.

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Australia | History, Cities, Population, Capital, Map, & Facts

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Australia is the smallest continent and one of the largest countries on Earth, lying between the Pacific and Indian oceans in the Southern Hemisphere. Its capital city is Canberra, and its most important economic and cultural centers are Sydney and Melbourne.

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Take a quiz about your Australian knowledge. Make an 80% or higher before going to the next assignment.

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Australia is big, bold, and often breathtaking. How much do you know about the land down under?

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Take this test that covers everything you have learned throughout this Padlet. Print it out and bring it to class.

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Take this quiz about Asian countries and score 80% or higher before advancing.

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Note: The capital of Israel is currently in dispute. Wikipedia identifies it as Jerusalem, and for that reason, our quiz does as well.

Note: Most countries do not recognize Taiwan as an independent country, but consider it part of the People's Republic of China.

Note: Since Afghanistan does not have a recognized government at the moment, the Afghanistan flag has been temporarily removed from this quiz.

In terms of territory, Asia is the largest region in the world. It is also the most populous, with China and India leading the way. Since many of the countries are so large, it should not be too much trouble to find them on this map quiz game. Finding the smaller ones like Bhutan and Tajikistan may challenge your geography trivia knowledge a little more.

Would you like to include Palestine on this quiz? Click the link "Create custom quiz", and you can add it!

If you want to practice offline, download our printable maps of Asia in pdf format.

There is also a Youtube video you can use for memorization!

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Note: The capital of Israel is currently in dispute. Wikipedia identifies it as Jerusalem, and for that reason, our quiz does as well. Note: Most countries do not recognize Taiwan as an independent country, but consider it part of the People's Republic of China.

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Watch this video and listen to the "Countries of Asia" song.