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Da Storbritannien den 23 juni 2016 skulle stemme om hvorvidt de skulle forblive en del af EU eller ej, stemte den yngre og ældre generation meget forskelligt. Dette viste tydeligt de unges vilje, men hvordan har de unge efter brexit-valget?

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Da Storbritannien den 23 juni 2016 skulle stemme om hvorvidt de skulle forblive en del af EU eller ej, stemte den yngre og ældre generation meget forskelligt. Dette viste tydeligt de unges vilje, men hvordan har de unge efter brexit-valget?

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Hvordan stemte henholdsvis den yngre og den ældre generation ved valget i 2016?

Hvordan ser de unge på valgets udfald efterfølgende?

Og i hvilket omfang er det retfærdigt, at de unge ikke har kunne afgøre valget, siden man kunne argumentere for, at de er generationen, der vil mærke de positive eller negative konsekvenser af dette valg.

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Middlefinger from baby boomers to young people=

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Middlefinger from baby boomers to young people=

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https://www.vox.com/2016/6/24/12025954/brexit-young-voters-remain

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Even Brexiters admit that there will be short-term economic costs to leaving the EU. Young people would disproportionately bear the brunt, and the effects would be long-lasting.
There is a deep generational divide over next week's EU referendum: 18-34 year olds want to remain by 61 to 22 per cent, whereas two-thirds of Britons over the age of 55 would like to leave. Young Britons tend to believe the economic consensus that Brexit would be bad for the economy, and expect that they would bear more of the costs. They are right.

It is difficult to predict how much unemployment would rise after a vote to leave the EU - but a majority of economists think Brexit would lead to a near-term shock. The British Treasury forecasts that joblessness could rise by 520,000-820.000. That would mean the unemployment rate rising from just under 5 per cent now to between 6.5 and 7.3 per cent - lower than the post-crisis peak of 8.4 per cent, but still significant. But short-run forecasts of the economy's response to a shock are rarely accurate, and the figure might be higher or lower than this.

However, we can be more precise about who will bear the costs of a recession and the subsequent rise in unemployment. Economists know a good deal about the impact of recessions on different social groups: the young and the old, say, or the high-skilled and the low-skilled. They have also studied how recessions impact the future earnings of these groups after the economy returns to normal. And the verdict is clear. It is the young and the low-skilled who suffer the most.

After the 2008 crash, youth unemployment rose to 22 per cent in Britain, while the unemployment rate of people aged over 25 peaked at just 6 per cent. And the gap between the unemployment rates of the young and the not-so-young doubled (see Chart 1). In general, recent research has found that for every 1 per cent increase in the adult unemployment rate, the rate for the young rises by 1.8 per cent. And low-skilled young people were also disproportionately hit by the weak labour market after 2008 (see Table 1).

Notes: 'Low skilled' refers to people with pre-primary, primary or lower-secondary education; 'Medium skilled' includes upper-secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary level of education; 'High skilled' means tertiary education.

This is not specific to the UK. The US labour market reacts to recessions in a similar way (see Table 2). In the most recent recession, particular groups bore the brunt of higher unemployment, and the gap between less- and well-educated young people was particularly striking: young people with a high school degree were much more likely to be unemployed than those with a degree.

Unemployment has depressed the incomes of young people by far more than those of older workers. Britain's Institute for Fiscal Studies (IFS) has calculated that young Britons' incomes are still lower than they were in 2007-8, while the generation aged 60 and over has seen their incomes increase by nearly 10 per cent.

The young and low-skilled, then, would be most badly hit in the immediate aftermath of a Brexit - and the pain would persist. Entering the labour market in stormy economic conditions has long-lasting effects on income and employment.

The young & low-skilled would be worst hit in the aftermath of a #Brexit & the pain would persist

Research on Canadian graduates has shown that, on average, graduate entrants to the labour market in a recession earn 9 per cent less than those who started work in a buoyant economy, and their earnings are still 4 per cent lower after five years. Researchers studying a recession in the US in the early 1980s found even stronger effects that lasted for 20 years. Over a lifetime, the income losses of graduating in a deep recession amounted to $75,000.

Most independent research shows that, outside the EU, Britain would lose out economically - unless it remained in the EU's single market, which would be politically difficult. But even if one waves away the long-run impact on the British economy, it is harder to argue that there would be no short-term disruption. Indeed, Pro-Brexit economists like Andrew Lilico and Gerard Lyons agree.

We should not take the Treasury's unemployment estimates as gospel: forecasting the size of the short-run effects of Brexit is difficult. But, as a back-of-the-envelope calculation based on the research above, the Treasury's Brexit unemployment forecast would translate into a rise in youth unemployment of between 2.9-4.3 percentage points. The young are right to oppose Brexit: they will pay the biggest price.
Christian Odendahl is chief economist and John Springford is a senior research fellow at the Centre for European Reform.

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Why young people are right to fear Brexit

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Even Brexiters admit that there will be short-term economic costs to leaving the EU. Young people would disproportionately bear the brunt, and the effects would be long-lasting. There is a deep generational divide over next week's EU referendum: 18-34 year olds want to remain by 61 to 22 per cent, whereas two-thirds of Britons over the age of 55 would like to leave.

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According to polling data from YouGov, 75% of 18- to 24-year-olds voted to remain in the European Union. On Friday, the UK voted to leave, with 52% of the overall vote.

How does it feel to be one of that 75%?

When we tweeted a callout asking young readers for their responses, rather than the 20 or so we expected, we received more than 200 emails in half an hour. While a handful said they were pleased with the outcome, reading through them a picture develops of a generation angry about the direction the UK has taken.

This reaction was not limited to young people of voting age - we received responses from 16- and 17-year-olds who did not have the chance to have their say in this momentous decision.

Here's a selection of their responses:

I couldn't vote in what is probably the most important political decision the British people have made

I am 17 years old, I am a student and currently study politics. Last night a decision was made which will have a direct impact on my future. The decision to leave the EU was made without my voice being heard. I couldn't vote in what is probably the most important political decision the British people have made, an irreversible decision. I have followed these campaigns, I am capable of making an informed and rational choice - the fact that I wasn't able to, that many other informed and passionate 16/17-year-olds were not able to, seems to me incredibly undemocratic.

My future is completely changed; I will not have the benefits my parents and their generation have had, such as freedom of movement between all EU countries. Mostly I am outraged that this decision, which reflects on the British people, has been made without my consent. The future already looks less bright for us and it is a future I did not have a say in shaping.

Erin Minogue, 17

Today I am proud to be exceptionally indecent

Waking up this morning, it is heartbreaking to see my news feed is full of thoroughly dejected people. Most of these are young, intelligent and passionate, individuals who were determined to support integration, tolerance and compassion. Yet, our futures have been governed by the votes of narrow-minded older generations who now will sit back and see our bright futures dimmed. I am embarrassed and disappointed that our country has been manipulated by the xenophobic, racist and above all incorrect facts that have been spread. Nigel Farage stated that leaving the EU is a victory for the ordinary, decent people - today I am proud to be exceptionally indecent.

Lucinda Jones, 20, West Sussex

I've always felt unwanted, uncomfortable, underrepresented. This result confirms my fears

My first response was panic. I'm a recent graduate, already facing financial instability, uncertainty in the job market, trying to work out my future. A leave result means more anxiety for me, more instability to navigate and try to understand.

I'm also a woman of colour. From a young age, I've been aware of racist and nationalist attitudes in Britain, spread around the country outside of my home and haven of London. I've spent years watching people argue to dismantle the systems that allowed my mother and closest friends into the country to work, to lead better, productive lives. I've seen people screaming that my immigrant family (biological and chosen) are worthless, that they contribute nothing. And I've always felt unwanted, uncomfortable, underrepresented.

This result confirms my fears. That my families aren't seen as people, as human. They're numbers, they're a swarm, a threat. They're not welcome here, and as a product of immigration, neither am I. With this result, England clings on to its colonial history, and I'm ashamed.

Zainabb Hull, 23, London

I cannot envision how Brexit is going to bring working-class unity

Living in Northern Ireland, I am concerned the effects a leave vote has on political stability here with votes having been cast upon traditional party lines - green and orange politics prevailing. The DUP supported Brexit while Sinn Féin were for remain. The latter have already called for a poll on Northern Ireland's status within the UK, which will only serve to further complicate relations between Unionists and Nationalists. Nevertheless, what happens with the north/south border is a valid concern as bureaucratic measures will affect free movement and trade. We in Northern Ireland are, under the Good Friday Agreement, entitled to Irish citizenship and by extension, EU citizenship, but whether this claim to citizenship will now be dependent upon acquisition of an Irish passport is yet to be seen.

My main concern is what impact the leave verdict has upon jobs with so much employment, especially in the charity sector, dependent upon EU funding. Leave creates job uncertainty and is a huge snub to the immigrants living, studying, and working here. I cannot envision how Brexit is going to bring working-class unity. Instead, I imagine that it will result in reactionary policies that are only going to bring more social segregation and economic deprivation.

Eileen, 24, Belfast

I feel I've been let down by an older generation

I'm 17 but turn 18 in four days. This morning I've woken up to feel completely betrayed by my own country.

One thing that upsets me most is that this decision has been made by people who will not have to live with the consequences for as long as us. Young people voted to remain and older people voted to leave. I feel that I have been let down by an older generation who won't be affected by the volatility of this decisions.

Abi Kirkby, 17

I want to make sure that my first vote, my first taste of democracy, leads to something positive

Yesterday was my first vote: I voted to remain in the EU. I felt strongly that the EU was something which we needed to be. For me it wasn't about politics. It was not about whether we're Labour or Conservative, or right or left, it was about what we stand for. As a nation, could we really stand for abandoning an organisation which, although admittedly flawed, brings together so many nations in a common purpose? I hoped not. For me a vote for Europe was a vote for humanity and a vote for possibility and therefore this morning my first reaction was one of devastation.

After far too many tears and a lot of anger directed towards the older generations and the politicians who failed to make this referendum moral and true, I want to make sure that my first vote, my first taste of democracy, leads to something positive. My first vote is going to lead to even stronger political engagement. It's so important that despite this result we pull together to show the world that we are not hostile or prejudiced towards them.

We have to be open to the future, and work to create a positive future. We are the future and although today our country has chosen to disregard our opinions, from now on we have to work even harder to make our voices heard. Today is the start of a new future, of a different future. Let's not decide that everything is doomed. Instead, let's work for a positive and accepting future of possibility, rather than the hostility that has been shown today.

I know that the result of this referendum could have a huge impact on my future. I'm hoping to study German at university, but I also recognise that we can't be too negative about today. Nothing can come from deciding that everything is damned, we've got to rise from the ashes and show the world our capability for love and good.

Laura Peacock, 18, South Wales

I'm disgusted and terrified

I'm disgusted. Utterly and completely disgusted with my country and what they have done to my future. I'm 16 years old and therefore didn't vote on this matter, which incidentally I'm also absolutely furious about. The fact that people who are going to be gone in the next 10 years were allowed to vote on something that my peers and I have to live with for the rest of our lives is completely and utterly unacceptable.

I'm disgusted with the way the campaigns have been carried out and the fear-mongering that has taken place. I'm disgusted that this country are so fearful of immigration and the outside world they would cut themselves off entirely from any connections we may previously have had.

But most of all, I'm scared. I'm terrified. I'm terrified for my future, and what that may bring. I'm terrified that we live in a country of racists and bigots and that young people will have to live with their mistakes. I'm terrified that we are governed by a group of disgusting, rightwing, racist trolls who couldn't care less about what young people have to say. I'm terrified that this is the country I live in, and this is the choice that they have made.

Madeline Gomes, 16,

I feel scared for the future of the economy and the future of our country

I can't yet vote, and am completely furious with the result. Sixty-four per cent of my town's votes were counted for leave, and I don't think I have ever been so disappointed. Almost everything that made Britain great came from being a part of the structure of the EU, and I feel as if casual racism and colloquial xenophobic reactions to immigrants have blinded so many people to the extent in which they would rather rid immigrants than anything else ...there were so many benefits of being in the EU that people took for granted, and by the time they notice it'll already be too late. I feel scared for the future of the economy and the future of our country too. I am not feeling proud to be British, and I think that the majority of my demographic feel similarly.

Jack Webb, 17, Corby

I can't imagine staying here where my work is not valued

Today I'm disappointed and sad. I'm scared for my generation's future and generations to come.

Scientists receive so little funding from the UK we are very dependent on EU sources and collaboration. I won't be surprised if over the coming years the UK's output of original research falls because people, both European and British, choose to move and work elsewhere. I will likely be one of these people when I finish my PhD, I can't imagine staying here where my work is not valued and every day is a fight to stay funded.

I'm also sad that people have managed to be persuaded by the at times less than savoury leave campaign. 'X' amount of money won't be diverted back in to the NHS. We've seen enough money-based promises that the government fails to go through with to know that. It is going to be very costly to maintain a decent position within finance and trade with the rest of the world. Also, immigrants are just as responsible for this country's successe. They have given so much and continue to do so. Mainly, as citizens of the world, how can we turn away from people who are just looking for a better life and block ourselves off from the outside world?

Kirsten Dutton, 25, Newcastle

I have lived in this country all my life and for the first time feel very ashamed to be British

I am a 24-year-old British-Asian woman from London. I voted remain. I am so deeply saddened by the results I watched come in through the night. It seems I've been experiencing the run-up to the election in some sort of bubble on my Facebook page, where it is filled by the people who have similar political leanings. This is what makes it even more shocking.

In the past three weeks I have experienced harassment (physical and verbal) on public transport. Two out of the three have included racial slurs. It is hard to disassociate that from the rhetoric of the leave campaign, which seems to have given a voice to "moderate" racists and xenophobes. It can't be a coincidence that several of my friends have experienced a similar thing.

I have lived in this country all my life and for the first time feel very ashamed to be British. I am angry that the older generation have selfishly voted for a future that I will have to live with. Young people did not vote for this. I am angry that I have to wake up to Nigel Farage's smug face claiming that the NHS figures that have been touted were a lie. I am angry that my European friends, as well as my non-white British friends and family members have woken up to a less safe, more divided country.

Alexandra D'sa, 24, London

My future, and my friends' futures, have been taken away from us

Today, I am disgusted to be British ... I resent what I thought was a minority in this country, ignorant people, but it seems fear tactics from the likes of Farage and Johnson have convinced people to ruin a future that doesn't belong to them.

As a teenager living in London, my future, and my friends' future, has been taken away from us and tossed into disarray by people who are completely alien from the things they are scared of.

Immigration was never the problem, money was never going to go into the NHS, and we're less "free" than we ever were with the financial and political crash that is happening. And all we can do as the progressive and inclusive youth of Britain is watch our elders destroy what little we had to build on.

Seeing idiots like Farage call for "independence day" as the pound plummets makes me think that we were in a better place before we let bigots decide our future.

I don't know what to do, I sit here in awe of the place I am no longer proud to live in, surrounded by people I am no longer proud to be associated with. Fear has changed this country forever. I hope whoever voted leave is happy with the turmoil they've sent us into.

Matthew Healing, 18, London

Maybe this vote was too big for this country to handle

I feel so let down by the people who could vote and decided to put their own personal hatred before others. Maybe this vote was too big for this country to handle. Throughout this all I supported remain and feel upset and angry over this result. Everyone my age will be left to deal with the consequences of this and I couldn't even have a say in it.

Evidence is showing the impact already over this, with the fall in the pound and I fear the worst is yet to come. I fail to understand why people aged 60 and above feel aggrieved by the apparent threats immigrants cause like lack of jobs and homes when they are already living comfortably with their pensions and houses when it's young people who would be impacted by this, although I don't personally feel like we are, yet people my age have no say.

Heather Dowding, 17, Woking

I plan to claim German nationality

I'm a 20-year-old student in Scotland. Although originally from London I've lived most of my life in France, where my parents moved when I was young. I consider myself European rather than British or English or Scottish.

I strongly supported the Better Together side in the Scottish independence referendum, but today I would rather live in an independent, but European Scotland, than a UK broken off from Europe.

In the immediate few weeks, I intend to make good on my pledge to myself to claim German nationality to retain European citizenship, as I am eligible for it as a descendant of refugees of Nazism to Britain. I'm shocked that my grandparents, refugees themselves, voted leave to curb immigration.

Ben Bernheim, 20, Scotland

My future was left in the hands of people I've never met

I have never felt less British. For those who voted out due to immigration, maybe they forgot who treats them when they are ill, or teaches their children, or keeps their area clean, they are ignorant to how much many immigrants contribute to our society.

I am incredibly scared about the prospect of my future. Who knows if my parents will be able to afford for me to go to university? The imminent fall of the pound suggests further economic downfall, my future was left in the hands of people who I've never met, whilst the 16- and 17-year-olds of the country, on the edge of our future, were not allowed to vote and now have been left isolated on our tiny island.

Just like all my friends now, I am close to tears, the prospect of such a severe unknown is so unnerving and I feel like we've already begun to fall apart.

I think we're all acutely aware that had 16-year-olds been allowed to vote, it would have been a different outcome. Please pray for our futures.

Annie, 16

And two young people who voted to leave:

We have to stand up, shout and protest for a general election

I'm a 23-year-old nursing student. We have a chance to take this country in a progressive direction. Leaving the EU does not mean we have to become a rightwing reactionary country. British values are what the people want them to be. I think that all Brits will unite against the racist rhetoric that has dominated this referendum. I think they will deny Boris, Farage or even Osborne the chance to become prime minister as they know they can't be trusted to lead a post-Brexit Britain. We have to stand up, shout and protest for a general election. If this is a new era for Britain, the British public should have the chance to decide what direction we take.

Anthony Johnson, 23, London

I understand that our country will experience a tough period

I decided to vote leave at the last minute, I had been vote remain for the entire campaign but I couldn't stand the idea of waking up tomorrow with nothing being done about the EU's lack of democracy and lack of accountability. I am very restrained and humble right now and I understand that our country will experience a tough period but I'm hopeful for the future and my prospects as a young person.

Craig Dillon, 22, London
Topics

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Meet the 75%: the young people who voted to remain in the EU

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According to polling data from YouGov, 75% of 18- to 24-year-olds voted to remain in the European Union. On Friday, the UK voted to leave, with 52% of the overall vote. How does it feel to be one of that 75%?

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A third of young people feel more anxious now than this time last year, according to a study that found the prospect of Britain leaving the European Union, money worries and the cost of housing have magnified doubts about future prospects.

The rise in anxiety sits alongside figures showing that around half of young people are struggling to make ends meet, including 10% of young people who are facing dire financial problems as stagnating wages and rising inflation hit their incomes.

Coming only a week after senior MPs called for an independent review of the UK's rising debt levels, the Young Women's Trust said many of the 4,000 young people aged 16 to 30 it surveyed for its annual report, Worrying Times, battled to make it to the end of the month without borrowing money from friends, family or commercial lenders.

Young women chart

The report found that 41% of young women and 28% of young men said it was "a real struggle to make their cash last until the end of the month", compared with 39% and 27% respectively in 2016.

The report's authors said: "Our findings show young women are consistently more likely than young men to encounter money problems, workplace discrimination, health problems, worries about the future and low confidence.

"And women from the lowest socio-economic groups are faring worse still, with their situation also deteriorating in the last 12 months."

The Young Women's Trust said some measures of financial anxiety and wellbeing among the under-30s had recovered slightly since last year, when the poll registered a severe slump in financial confidence.

But in July, when the poll was carried out, almost half of young people (47%) still said they were worried for the future.

When asked what, if anything, made them feel anxious, the most commonly cited reasons chosen from a range of options were the UK leaving the European Union (42%), the ability to afford a home in the future (41%), their current financial position (37%), not earning enough to live on (35%) and finding a job (34%).

The Princes Trust youth charity said the survey showed practical and financial pressures were piling up on young people.

"This is clearly taking a significant toll on their hopes and aspirations for the future, particularly among young women," it said.

Last week the chair of the business select committee, Rachel Reeves, and Frank Field, the chair of the work and pensions committee, urged the government to set up an independent public inquiry into the £200bn of debt amassed by households.

The prominent Labour MPs said they were shocked at rising levels of debt, especially among the young, while the Conservative chair of the treasury select committee, Nicky Morgan, said she wanted her colleagues to examine "what it is about our households that accumulate debt".

Concerns about rising debts levels were underscored by reports from the debt charities Citizens Advice and StepChange, which recorded a jump in the number of young people seeking help with bad debts.

Citizens Advice said the failure to cope with payday loans and other forms of high-cost credit was one of the main reasons for the influx of distressed young people seeking advice.

StepChange reported that in the first six months of 2017 almost two-thirds (64%) of all clients who sought advice were under 40. In 2013 only 53% were aged between 18 and 40.

The chief executive of the Young Women's Trust, Carole Easton, said: "The traditional stereotype of youthful swagger and optimism seems to have been replaced by worry and anxiety. Perhaps this is not surprising given that young people are facing serious financial troubles and uncertainty about their future."

Lindsay Owen, the director of policy and evaluation at The Prince's Trust, said: "It is vital that these young people are empowered to develop the confidence and coping skills they need to thrive, and one way we can do this is by supporting them into jobs, education or training."

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Young people 'more anxious than ever' due to Brexit and rising debt

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A third of young people feel more anxious now than this time last year, according to a study that found the prospect of Britain leaving the European Union, money worries and the cost of housing have magnified doubts about future prospects.

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YoungBritish people are worried about Brexit's impact on their opportunities and career plans, according to new research.

Next Generation, a British Council research series, found that two-thirds of young adults say they have an "international outlook".

This was roughly the same number that felt that way in 2011, the last time the British Council conducted this research in the UK.

Some 56 per cent said they hope to work abroad in the future, while 57 per cent said they felt positive about the effects of globalisation on the UK.

While 69 per cent were in favour of remaining in the EU, about 50 per cent admitted to not voting in the 2016 referendum. If it was held again, 60 per cent said they would vote to remain.

When asked what makes them proud to be British, a majority of young people said the NHS was the main or only reason.

The research also found that young adults have little trust in political institutions. The UK government came off worst, after being ranked on average 3.9 out of 10 for trustworthiness.

This number was only slightly higher for local councils and MPs generally.

The research, carried out by think tank Demos, was undertaken between October 2016 and May 2017. It comprised of a survey taken by 2,000 18- to- 30-year-olds, as well as discussions with focus groups and analysis of social media.

A spokesman for the Department for Education responded to the research by saying Britain should always remain a "truly outward looking, global nation."

"Schools already prepare pupils for life in modern Britain by teaching them the knowledge, skills and values they need to fulfil their potential," he said.

"For example, the citizenship curriculum teaches young people to play a full role in society and we have introduced both a national and international citizen service to support this.

"We recognise the value of international exchange programmes and collaboration in education and training, and are investing over £70m this year in high quality careers provision for young people."

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Young people fear for future after Brexit, study finds

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YoungBritish people are worried about Brexit's impact on their opportunities and career plans, according to new research. Next Generation, a British Council research series, found that two-thirds of young adults say they have an "international outlook". This was roughly the same number that felt that way in 2011, the last time the British Council conducted this research in the UK.

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Young people are "bemused, angry and resentful" at the decision to leave the EU which they largely blame on older generations, according to a new report.

The new analysis by academics at the London School of Economics (LSE) for the All Party Parliamentary Group on a Better Brexit for Young People warned there was a "deep concern" about the "negative impact" of last year's divisive referendum vote.

The report - based on the findings of 40 focus groups and a survey of more than 3,200 young people and adults - found young people were concerned about the loss of opportunity as well as the impact on Britain's image as a tolerant, multicultural society.

Stephen Kinnock, the All Party Parliamentary chair and Labour MP, said he hoped that the report would be the catalyst for a "national conversation" on Brexit.

"Young people want a voice in the Brexit process, and not one that is politely listened to and then dismissed," he added.

The report said that a significant majority expressed "bemusement, anger and resentment at the choice to leave the EU", which was made - in their view - primarily by the older generations.

"Young people in our study are concerned about the negative impact of Brexit on multi-ethnic communities in terms of rising intolerance, discrimination and racism in British society and the decline of Britain's tolerant and multicultural image," the report said.

In contrast a "small minority" of young people in the study expressed optimism - either voicing pride in Britain, or suggesting Brexit was positive for the UK because it had motivated young people to become less passive.

Previous research from the LSE has suggested that turnout among young people at the referendum in June 2016 was around 64 per cent in the 18-24 group - significantly higher than anticipated. Polling has also claimed that around 70 per cent of this age group voted to Remain in the referendum.

But among the 55-64 group it was claimed the turnout was around 74 per cent and it was significantly higher - 90 per cent - for those aged 65 and over.

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Young people 'bemused, angry and resentful' about Brexit

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Young people are "bemused, angry and resentful" at the decision to leave the EU which they largely blame on older generations, according to a new report. The new analysis by academics at the London School of Economics (LSE) for the All Party Parliamentary Group on a Better Brexit for Young People warned there was a "deep concern" about the "negative impact" of last year's divisive referendum vote.

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Thank you, June [Sarpong, Britain Stronger in Europe Board Member] and Amber [Atherton, founder of My Flash Trash], for that kind introduction.

It's a pleasure to be here today and thank you to the Fashion Retail Academy for hosting us.

Earlier this year I had the pleasure of visiting the academy with Sir Philip Green. Founded and led by giants of fashion and retail, the college is a great example of our vision for employers to play a key role in designing courses that give young people the skills they really need, and those that will help them succeed in the workplace.

Two weeks ago, I published an education white paper - ' Educational excellence everywhere ' - setting out our plans for how we would continue the work to reform and improve our schools over the course of this Parliament.

From improving how teachers are trained, to tackling educational cold spots, to giving all schools the freedoms that come with academy status, our white paper was about making sure that the next generation are receiving the sort of high-quality education they need to succeed in adult life. To make sure they leave school able to compete, not just against their peers in the UK, but from across the world, in what is an increasingly globalised labour market.

And to do that we have to make sure that young people are able to engage with the world as global citizens, that they know about the world beyond our country's borders. It's also about ensuring that we give young people the opportunities that allow them to make the most of their education and the chance to realise their talents.

I passionately believe that our membership of the European Union supports all of those things.

It does so by not only making our country more prosperous, but also by offering young people opportunities, right across the continent, opportunities which leaving the EU would certainly put at risk.

It's those opportunities and risks for young people that I want to talk about today.

In doing so, I also want to send out the message to young people, loud and clear, that this is a decision which, whatever way it is ultimately decided, will shape the rest of their lives.

My message to them is to make sure that they make their voice heard in that debate, and not to have the decision made for them by other people.

After all, the whole reason that this referendum is taking place is because David Cameron made a commitment to the British people to let them decide.

So it won't be a decision taken by politicians in Westminster, it will be a decision taken by every single adult British citizen who chooses to take part, and that must include young adults.

Because it is young people who arguably have the most at stake.

Brexit risks a lost generation

One of the reasons that the Great Recession was so damaging was that it hit young people the hardest. Youth unemployment soared, entry level jobs were cut and graduate opportunities were closed off.

I don't think it's hyperbole to say that we risked seeing a lost generation in this country.

In fact you only have to look at Greece, Spain or Portugal, to see how easily that could have been the case, with scores of young people unable to fulfil their potential and display their talents because of economic turmoil.

That's the simple reason why tackling youth employment and making sure young people have the education and skills to get a job has been at the heart of our long term economic plan.

It's why we made the difficult decisions which were necessary to rebuild a strong economy, so we could offer the promise of a better future to the next generation.

Undeniably, there is still work to be done, but the outlook for young people entering adulthood in 2016 is a far cry from where it was in 2010.

There are now a third of a million fewer 16- to 24-year-olds unemployed with a 25% drop in the rate of young people who are not in education, training or employment and the lowest number of 16-to-18 NEETs on record.

This year graduate recruiters are expecting 8% more vacancies - a 10-year high.

It's thanks to the growing economy that we are making good progress on delivering our pledge of 3 million apprenticeships, with a significant recent rise in the number of 16-to-19 apprentices.

That doesn't leave us any room for complacency, but things are significantly brighter for a young person leaving school today than they were 5 years ago.

A vote to leave the European Union would put all of that progress, and young people's future prospects at risk.

CBI analysis has shown that a vote to leave could cost 950,000 jobs, leaving the unemployment rate between 2 and 3% higher; a report from the LSE last week showed that the average household is likely to see a fall in income of between £850 and £1,700 and new research out today from Adzuna shows that firms are already cutting back on advertising jobs because of their fear of a Brexit.

And we know it's young people who will face the brunt of the damage a vote to leave would bring.

Because the Great Recession demonstrated the stark reality that when we experience economic shocks, the likes of which we could suffer if we leave the EU, it's young people who suffer. As we saw in that recession, the largest increases in the rate of unemployment were among these young people.

That shouldn't be a surprise - when the economy struggles and firms stop hiring, it's those at entry level who they stop recruiting for first.

Even those jobs that are advertised receive many more applicants from higher skilled, older workers and second earners, meaning young people, looking for their first big break, are crowded out.

I know of one student who was told his graduate offer was at risk if the UK didn't stay in Europe, as that firm was considering moving jobs elsewhere. He certainly isn't alone.

It's clear, that if Britain leaves Europe it will be young people who suffer the most, left in limbo while we struggle to find and then negotiate an alternative mode. In doing so we risk that lost generation becoming a reality. And everyone who casts their vote must understand that.

If parents and grandparents vote to leave, they'll be voting to gamble with their children and grandchildren's future.

At a time when people are rightly concerned about inter-generational fairness, the most unfair decision that the older generation could make would be to take Britain out of Europe and damage the ability of young people to get on in life.

The opportunities for young people

But it's not just the risks of leaving that mean young people should vote for us to remain.

The opportunities afforded by the ability to work, study and travel in Europe are particularly important and exciting to young people as they plan their adult lives.

Taking them in turn:

The EU offers young people the opportunity to work anywhere within its borders.

So they can start a career as an engineer for Volkswagen in Wolfsburg in Germany, or spend a year as an English language teacher in Nice or as we're here at the British Fashion Retail Academy, take the opportunity to work in the fashion capitals of Paris, Milan and Barcelona.

And young people can do this all without the hassle and risk of employment visas and time limits - free to stay for as long as they want and travel back to Britain when they want.

In fact, estimates suggest that there are more than 1.2 million British citizens taking advantage of freedom of movement and living in Europe - over 180,000 in France, over 250,000 in Ireland and almost 310,000 in Spain. I myself spent time working in Amsterdam and that experience of working abroad was invaluable, giving me new experiences and broadening my horizons.

Young people also benefit from the fact that people come from the EU to work in the UK as well.

To take just one example, relevant to my own department, we currently have over 1,000 language assistants from the EU teaching in British schools. That means hundreds of thousands of pupils are having the opportunities to have their study of French, German and Spanish supported by native speakers.

Which leads me on to the opportunities that the EU offers young people to study in Europe.

Being in the EU means young people have the chance to study at any of the thousands of European Universities. They have the flexibility to do so for either part of their studies, for a summer language course or for their entire degree.

In fact in 2013 there were over 20,000 British students studying in the European Union.

That is no surprise given that language skills and international experience is regularly cited by employers as a key competency they look for in job applications.

And students from other EU countries who choose to study here generate around £2.27 billion for the UK economy, supporting around 19,000 jobs.

Then there are the opportunities to travel.

For many young people travelling around the continent is a rite of passage before they settle down into adult life.

Whether it's inter-railing, backpacking or city hopping.

Being in the EU makes it easier and safer to travel around the countries of Europe.

Young people traveling in Europe don't have to worry about a myriad of visas and entry requirements and they don't have to worry about the cost of falling ill because the European Health Insurance Card means they'll be treated for free or at a reduced cost no matter which country they are in, with students covered for the duration of their course or foreign assignment.

And perhaps most importantly for young people traveling on tight budgets, our EU membership makes it much cheaper to travel as well.

The cost of flights is down by 40% thanks to EU action and the cost of using a mobile phone in Europe down by almost three-quarters, with roaming charges due to be scrapped completely in the next year. Meaning there's no excuse not to make that call home!

Britain as a nation

But I know for many young people, the main reason that they want Britain to remain in a reformed Europe, is about more than simply weighing up the risks of leaving and the benefits of staying.

The fundamental reason why many young people think it's important that we stay in the EU is because of what our membership of that block of 28 nations, says about our country and our place in the world.

They want Britain to be an outward looking country that engages with the world, they want us to choose internationalism over isolation.

This is the generation of Instagram, Easy Jet and Ebay.

They don't want to see a Britain cut off from the world, where not only their opportunities, but our influence as a country, ends at our shores.

These young people have grown up in a world where international cooperation, economic growth, technological advancements and social media, have seen barriers being torn down across the world.

They want that to continue, for their lives to become ever more open, not for us to put up walls and go the other way.

They've grown up in a Europe which hasn't seen war or conflict within its borders in over 70 years, which they know is in no small part a product of multinational cooperation. And they've seen first-hand how the EU is able to face down emerging threats, like Russian aggression.

Young people want to see the UK working internationally to tackle the big problems and issues that they care about because they want to make their world a better place.

Whether it's sexual and gender equality, tackling poverty or protecting the environment and tackling climate change, the young people like those I often speak to at Loughborough University in my constituency, want to see the UK leading the fight against these global ills, and they know that our voice and impact are magnified by playing a leading role through the EU as part of a group of 28 nations.

The EU provides development assistance to 150 countries and is the largest aid donor in the world. We exercise considerable influence to ensure that aid is maximised, and it's thanks to our lobbying that the vast majority of that aid goes directly to low-income countries.

As Minister for Women and Equalities, I've witnessed first-hand the important work that the EU does, driven by the UK's leadership, in tackling issues such as FGM, human trafficking and forced marriage, which blight the lives of women across the globe.

And I've seen the impact that EU funding has in supporting projects which make a real difference to women's lives.

Projects ranging from giving counselling and support to women accused of witchcraft and excluded from their communities in Burkina Faso, to providing training to 2,000 former female soldiers in Indonesia to help them find new employment.

And it's thanks to our influence that the EU development agency has become much more focused on the rights of women and girls, leading to the EU Council declaring in December that gender equality in development is now an EU priority.

At the same time as we seek to secure global equality for LGBT people, the fact that there is an EU wide commitment to eliminating discriminatory laws and policies against LGBT people makes a profound difference - and in particular the fact that the EU has made ending the death penalty for same-sex relationships a key priority in terms of its diplomatic efforts.

On these issues, issues which young people don't just care about, but expect us to be making a difference on, our role in Europe allows us to achieve real change and improve the lives of vulnerable people and groups around the world.

In short being in the EU allows us to exercise even more clout on the world stage, while at the same time allowing us to keep our distinct national identity.

That's what most young people want to see, they are rightly proud of our culture, heritage and everything that makes us British. But they want us to be a nation confident enough to realise that working through international organisations doesn't mean we have to compromise on any of that.

So my view is that our membership of the European Union not only offers young people significant opportunities, it also ensures we're the type of engaged and outward-facing nation that those young people want to live in.

And as I started this speech by saying, I want young people to make sure their voices are heard in this debate - whichever side of the debate they might be on - otherwise they risk having the decision made by other people, their future decided for them, not by them.

As political scientist Larry Sabato rightly says: "Elections are decided by the people who turn up."

And the evidence from elections and referendums in the past is that young people are the least likely to do that - estimates suggest that 18- to 24-year-olds were almost half as likely to have voted in the 2015 election compared to over 65s.

So firstly I'd ask young people to make sure they're registered to vote, and to register by the 18th of April so that they can vote in the local, mayoral and police and crime commissioner elections that are taking place across the country as well, but at the very latest by the week of the 6th of June. It takes no more than 5 minutes and can be done online.

Secondly, on June 23rd I hope young people make sure they have their say on the future of their country, to make the decision about the type of country they want to spend their adult life living in, by casting their vote.

Thirdly, to those young people, I want say this - don't think you have to keep your opinion on the EU debate to yourself. Go out and make the case to others and in particular your older friends and relatives. Make sure they know what the vote means for you.

In the Irish gay marriage referendum, young people made a real difference to the outcome, not just through their own vote, but by calling their parents and grandparents to tell them why it was so important to vote in favour. And I'd encourage young people here in the UK to do the same - tell your grandparents why you want Britain to remain in the EU and why they should vote to do the same.

And finally to those of you like me, who even on a generous interpretation, no longer fall into the 'young person' category.

I'd simply ask this - when you cast your vote, remember that you're making a decision on the future of this country and shaping our country for generations to come.

I'd ask you to think about the impact of that vote, not just on your lives, but on that of your children and grandchildren.

I'd ask you to ask yourselves - what the impact of that leap into the dark will mean for them and others in the next generation.

I want to spend the next few years making sure that we build on the opportunities now available to young people, not trying to repair the damage that a vote to leave would do to them.

I want us to use our position in a reformed Europe, to demand more for the next generation and I want that generation to grow up in a nation comfortable enough with its own identity to work with others and lead on the international stage.

That's why I'll be voting to remain and why I'd urge all of you to do the same.

Thank you.

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Nicky Morgan: leaving the EU risks a lost generation (Archived)

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Thank you, June [Sarpong, Britain Stronger in Europe Board Member] and Amber [Atherton, founder of My Flash Trash], for that kind introduction. It's a pleasure to be here today and thank you to the Fashion Retail Academy for hosting us. Earlier this year I had the pleasure of visiting the academy with Sir Philip Green.

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"Why do young people hate Jeremy Corbyn?" So asked GQ magazine on March 27th after the Labour Party received just 29% of the vote from those under 25 in one poll. Despite approving of his "retro-chic clothing" and "trendy beard", the commentator lamented that Mr Corbyn was putting off young voters with his "reluctance to create a coherent and positive vision". A month later Theresa May called a general election. Support for Labour among the young promptly rocketed past 70% in some polls.

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There are many possible ways to slice and dice modern, polarised Britain. Last year this newspaper cited Britain's toxic referendum on the European Union as evidence that "open v closed" had replaced "left v right" as the West's new political faultline (see article). Mr Corbyn, who professes to campaign "for the many, not the few", likes to survey the country through the prism of class. Others have described a disconnect between Britain's urban "elites" and the rural rest, or noted impact of education on voting patterns. But as this election campaign ends it is clear that, on paper at least, the biggest schism of all is between old and young.

The election-eve polls from YouGov confirms this. A voter's youth is the biggest determinant of his or her likelihood to vote Labour. The party does 8 percentage points better than the Conservatives among the very poorest, 15 points better among the jobless and 25 better among those who voted against Brexit. But its lead among voters under 25 is a jaw-dropping 44 points, nearly triple the size of the gap in the previous general election, in 2015. And the elderly, seldom huge Labour fans, are less keen on the party than ever before. Among voters over 65, Labour trails by 43 points, a deficit that was 24 points in 2015. The Conservatives overtake Labour as the party of choice from around the age of 50 in most polls.

The gap is particularly odd given that Labour seemed to court older voters during the campaign. Mr Corbyn promised pensioners they would keep their winter fuel allowance and free bus passes, and that he would maintain the "triple lock" which keeps pensions ticking upwards at a generous rate. The Tories, if anything, were less kind. Their manifesto pledged to end the triple lock and funnel the savings towards younger workers. Mrs May's biggest campaign gaffe was a botched social-care policy that would have hurt the old.

Yet it is not an influx of old Tory voters to Labour that has caused the polls to narrow. According to The Economist 's poll tracker, Labour has reduced the Tories' lead among over-65s by 8 points, from 50 to 42. But the real driving force behind the surge is the whopping 46-point swing to Labour among under-25s. Most pundits agree that Mrs May has run a poor campaign while Mr Corbyn has surpassed expectations. Young people tend to tune in-and make up their minds-later in the electoral cycle, which may help explain the belated Labour boost.

The criticism of Mr Corbyn's positions on the Irish Republican Army and the Falklands war will have done little to stir voters that do not recall the 1980s, though they may repel voters who do. Millennials are more likely, however, to remember the war in Iraq and applaud Mr Corbyn's opposition to it. They like his criticism of post-2008 austerity policies, which have hit them hardest, and his focus on the rising cost of houses, which they tend not to own. They also view him as authentic and principled. One young voter recently told the New Statesman that "Jeremy Corbyn stands for something and, faced with the cruellest government since Thatcher, that counts for a lot".

The most baffling aspect of Corbynmania among the young is that his party would probably deliver a "hard" version of Brexit, which three-quarters of voters under 25 opposed. Labour has managed to mimic the Tories, limply promising to "deliver a better Brexit", but not so enthusiastically as to push young voters into the arms of the Liberal Democrats. Young voters have not forgotten the Lib Dems' "betrayal" of the young in 2010, first forging a coalition with the Conservatives and then abandoning a pre-election promise to oppose increases to tuition fees. This election Labour vows to scrap the fees. The Lib Dems, who are polling at 10% among under-25s, would keep them.

Many commentators, including this newspaper, have argued that removing university fees would be a welfare gift to the middle class and a burden on the young poor (see article). But many young people see it in generational terms: a tale of rich, ageing baby-boomers who enjoyed free tuition in their youth jacking up costs just as the next generation grows up. For many it is evidence that boomers have the game rigged in their favour. In the 1970s, those aged between 20 and 25 enjoyed higher incomes after housing costs than the average Briton; today the opposite is true.

Much of the variation in the final batch of polls is because those conducting them cannot agree on whether or not the young will actually vote. The rosiest prediction, from Survation, a pollster, expects 82% of under-25s to turn up. That is almost double their 43% turnout at the 2015 election, before which they also told pollsters of their eagerness to vote. Many young people possess a cynicism that keeps them from doing even that. Recently in Wales, your correspondent was told by a young man from Roath that although politics is "all bullshit", he thought that "if you are the kind of person who votes, Jeremy Corbyn's the one you should vote for". Around 45% of under-35s voted in 2015, compared to 84% of over-55s. The gap in turnout between young and old Britons is the largest in the rich world, according to the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries.

There are grounds to believe that more young people will get to the booth this time. Some fans of Mr Corbyn have suggested that youth turnout rates in Britain plummeted just as Tony Blair moved Labour from the left to the centre in the mid-1990s (see link). They argue that Mr Corbyn's "socialism of the 21st century" will bring young voters back into politics. Others note the impressive youth turnout for the Brexit referendum last year. Academics believe voting is a habit: people who voted the previous time are much more likely to turn out the next.

If Mr Corbyn's political fate rests with young people, he might end up lamenting that there are so few of them. Britain has two over-65s for every adult under 25; factor in turnout and the grey vote outnumbers the youth vote three to one. A Labour loss will prompt calls for the party to return to Blair-style centrism. Many compelling reasons exist for such a move, not least that the population will continue to grow old. But it is worth remembering that when Mr Corbyn became Labour leader in 2015, 46% of British adults were over the age of 50. In 1995, the year after Mr Blair took over as leader, just 41% were. That is a ten-point swing. If Britain still had the age demographics that Mr Blair enjoyed, Mr Corbyn's chances of thwarting Mrs May's re-election would be much greater.

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The biggest political divide in Britain is age

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"Why do young people hate Jeremy Corbyn?" So asked GQ magazine on March 27th after the Labour Party received just 29% of the vote from those under 25 in one poll. Despite approving of his "retro-chic clothing" and "trendy beard", the commentator lamented that Mr Corbyn was putting off young voters with his "reluctance to create a coherent and positive vision".

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A vote to leave the European Union would have a devastating impact on the life chances of young people, Education Secretary Nicky Morgan has said.

Entering the debate over EU membership, she urged parents and grandparents to think how their vote would affect opportunities for the next generation.

She also told young people to make sure they voted in June's referendum.

The Vote Leave campaign said the EU had been bad for young people, with a generation on the continent unemployed.

Speaking on BBC Breakfast ahead of a speech at the Fashion Retail Academy in London, Mrs Morgan said companies were already suspending hiring decisions as they waited for the outcome of the vote on 23 June.

"As we saw from the recession that we've just been through, the people who suffer most are the youngest. Those who are trying to get into jobs and careers will suffer if companies and organisations are not hiring," she said.

In her speech, she argued there had already been a drop in advertised job vacancies because of employers' fears of a British exit - or Brexit - from Europe.

Reality check: Is referendum reducing job vacancies?

All you need to know about the EU referendum

UK and the EU - better out or in?

EU vote: where the cabinet and other MPs stand

EU referendum timeline

"It's clear, that if Britain leaves Europe it will be young people who suffer the most, left in limbo while we struggle to find and then negotiate an alternative model. In doing so we risk that lost generation becoming a reality," she said.

"And everyone who casts their vote must understand that. If parents and grandparents vote to leave, they'll be voting to gamble with their children and grandchildren's future.

"At a time when people are rightly concerned about inter-generational fairness, the most unfair decision that the older generation could make would be to take Britain out of Europe and damage the ability of young people to get on in life."

'Cut off'

Mrs Morgan said young people were "the generation of Instagram, Easyjet and eBay" and rejected isolation in favour of internationalism.

"They don't want to see a Britain cut off from the world, where not only their opportunities, but our influence as a country, ends at our shores.

"These young people have grown up in a world where international co-operation, economic growth, technological advancements and social media, have seen barriers being torn down across the world.

"Young people today want to see the UK working internationally to tackle the big problems and issues that they care about because they want to make their world a better place."

Her views were backed by the National Association of College and University Entrepreneurs, an organisation which supports students in developing their entrepreneurial ideas.

Chief executive Johnny Luk said: "We have the best of both worlds. We do not need to bail out any eurozone countries, we have our own currency and have a strong say in an important members' club.

"I truly believe the UK should remain part of the European Union to ensure new businesses can flourish and help build a stable society."

Other senior Conservative figures, such as Iain Duncan Smith, have said EU membership makes it harder to control borders and reduce the number of people coming here to work, which has an impact on young people.

Vote Leave said Mrs Morgan is wrong to claim there has been a drop in job vacancies.

The campaign's spokesman, Robert Oxley, added: "It is depressing that the education secretary is so willing to do down the chances of young people as part of Number 10's desperate bid to win the referendum.

"The EU has not been good for young people, driving up costs and forcing down wages while leaving a generation unemployed on the continent."

The referendum on Britain's place in the EU will be held on Thursday 23 June.

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A vote to leave the European Union would have a devastating impact on the life chances of young people, Education Secretary Nicky Morgan has said. Entering the debate over EU membership, she urged parents and grandparents to think how their vote would affect opportunities for the next generation.

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Den yngre, britiske generation står tilbage som taberne efter torsdagens historiske folkeafstemning, der endte med, at 51,9 procent af briterne stemte for at forlade EU, som de ellers har været medlem af siden 1973. 48,1 procent stemte for at fortsætte i EU.

Den sidste meningsmåling fra måleinstituttet YouGov før folkeafstemningen viste, at 72 procent af de 18-24-årige planlagde at stemme for at blive i EU.

Brexit

Storbritannien har ved et historisk valg den 23. juni 2016 stemt for at forlade EU. Følg det politiske efterspil her.

Kun 19 procent af dem støttede Brexit og tanken om at forlade EU-samarbejdet.

Læs også: Ekspert: Briterne kan sagtens komme til at skulle stemme igen

Meningsmålingen skal dog tages med forbehold, da selvsamme måling forudsagde, at briterne med 52 procent af stemmerne ville blive i EU. Sådan gik det som bekendt ikke.

Blandt de +65-årige var der modsat stor skepsis mod at fortsætte i EU. Således planlagde hele 59 procent i denne aldersgruppe at stemme for, at Storbritannien skulle forlade EU.

Følelsen af forræderi

Mange af de unge vælgere har luftet deres utilfredshed på de sociale medier, hvor den ældre generation får verbale tæsk.

En af de mest delte kommentarer på Twitter, er en brugerkommentar fra Financial Times' hjemmeside.

Her kommenteres det, hvorfor så mange unge briter ser resultatet af folkeafstemningen som forræderi fra den ældre generation.

- Den yngre generation har mistet retten til at arbejde og leve i 27 andre lande. Vi vil aldrig fuldt ud vide, hvor mange muligheder, venskaber, ægteskaber og oplevelser vi kommer til at gå glip af.

- Den frie bevægelighed er blevet taget fra os af vores forældre, onkler og bedsteforældre som et sidste slag til en generation, som i forvejen var ved at drukne af gælden fra vores forgængere.

Læs hele kommentaren nedenfor:

Også under hashtagget #NotinMyname (ikke i mit navn, red.) har de unge luftet deres utilfredshed med resultatet af folkeafstemningen.

Her er de gennemgående utilfredse med, at især de ældre vælgere har stemt modsat de unge, som skal leve længere tid med konsekvenserne af udtrædelsen af EU.

Læs også: GRAFIK Det betyder Brexit for danskeren og briten

I'm part of the almost half that didn't want this. I'm also part of the generation that are going to suffer the most #NotInMyName
- Georgie Moore (@georgiemxxre) June 24, 2016

I can't believe I'm waking up to a shattered future because of those who chose not to stay united with the world #NotInMyName
- em (@lunabxtch) June 24, 2016

Absolutely devastated. Fear and ignorance has won over tolerance and unity. This result doesn't speak for me. #NotInMyName
- Georgina Hayes (@GeeHayes) June 24, 2016

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Snydt af de ældre: Over 70 procent af de unge briter ville blive i EU

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Den yngre, britiske generation står tilbage som taberne efter torsdagens historiske folkeafstemning, der endte med, at 51,9 procent af briterne stemte for at forlade EU, som de ellers har været medlem af siden 1973. 48,1 procent stemte for at fortsætte i EU.

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"Risikerer Storbritannien at gå i opløsning?", "Brexit: En rodet skilsmisse mellem to Storbritannien", "Brexit viser et dybt splittet Storbritannien".

Sådan lyder nogle af de danske og internationale overskrifter, efter briterne sagde farvel og tak til EU i en meget tæt afstemning med 51,89 procent af briterne, der stemte for at forlade EU, mens 48,11 procent stemte for at blive.

Dykker man ned i tallene, finder man store forskelle fordelt på alder, sociale grupper, race og religion.

Det skriver The Guardian, der har set på en undersøgelse af Lord Ashcroft Polls. Online-undersøgelsen bygger på 12,369 respondenter, der har svaret, hvad de har stemt.

Læs også: DR's korrespondent i London: Briterne vågner op med tømmermænd

Hele 73 procent af de stemmeberettigede briter under 25 år ønskede at blive i EU. På den anden side ønskede 60 procent af briterne over 65 år, at Brexit skulle blive en realitet. 62 procent af de 25-34 årige ønskede at blive, mens 56 procent af de 45 til 54-årige stemte for at forlade EU.

Også fordelt på race er der forskelle. De hvide vælgere viste sig at være de mest EU-skeptiske, da 53 stemte for at forlade EU. Anderledes forholder det sig blandt asiater, hvor 67 procent stemte 'remain'. Hos sorte er tallet 73 procent, der ønskede at blive.

En ud af ti bestemte sig først dagen før

Ser man på religion, så var muslimerne pro-europæiske, og 70 procent håbede, at Storbritannien ville forblive i EU. Blandt de respondenter, der beskriver sig selv som kristne, stemte 53 procent for at forlade EU.

Ser man på den socioøkonomiske inddeling i Storbritannien, er der også forskel. Blandt de to øverste socialklasser stemte 57 procent for at blive i EU. Forlad-siden havde stor opbakning med 64 procent blandt de laveste sociale klasser.

Læs også: Grete vil have dansk Brexit - Lasse siger nej

På uddannelsesfronten stemte 57 procent med en universitetsuddannelse for at blive. Hos andre højtuddannede var det 64 procent, og hele 81 procent af dem, der stadig er fuldtidstuderende, ønskede også at blive.

For mange var der tvivl om, hvad man ville stemme indtil kort tid før afstemningen. Hele 24 procent bestemte sig først i ugen op til afstemningen. En ud af ti bestemte sig først dagen før.

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Storbritannien splittet i to: Se hvem der stemte hvad

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"Risikerer Storbritannien at gå i opløsning?", "Brexit: En rodet skilsmisse mellem to Storbritannien", "Brexit viser et dybt splittet Storbritannien". Sådan lyder nogle af de danske og internationale overskrifter, efter briterne sagde farvel og tak til EU i en meget tæt afstemning med 51,89 procent af briterne, der stemte for at forlade EU, mens 48,11 procent stemte for at blive.

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Stik imod hovedparten af de sidste meningsmålinger, alle bookmakerodds og i hvert fald mine egne forventninger har et flertal på 52 mod 48 pct. af de britiske vælgere stemt for at forlade EU. Valgdeltagelsen var med 71,9 pct. meget høj, hvilket imod alle forventninger ikke styrkede den fløj, som ønskede at blive i EU. Under alle omstændigheder udelukker det ethvert spørgsmål om resultatets demokratiske legitimitet såvel som nogen udsigt til en tilsvarende afstemning i fremtiden. Storbritannien forlader EU.

Resultatet var imidlertid kendetegnet af meget store regionale forskelle, idet 62 pct. af skotterne og alle valgkredse i Skotland stemte for at blive, ligesom det var tilfældet for 56 pct. og 11 ud af 18 valgkredse i Nordirland. I både Skotland og Nordirland var valgdeltagelsen dog lavere end forventet med henholdsvis 67 og 63 pct. I Wales stemte 52 mod 48 pct. for at forlade EU med en deltagelse på 72 pct. Det store chok kom i England, hvor valgdeltagelsen satte rekord med 72,8 pct., og at alle regioner bemærkelsesværdigt nok stemte for at forlade EU med undtagelse af London, hvor 60 mod 40 pct. stemte for at blive.

Med disse resultater er den nye politiske virkelighed, at Skotland bliver trukket ud af EU imod et stort flertals vilje. Et udfald, som SNP, Scottish National Party, allerede har meddelt vil få dem til at genoverveje deres muligheder og potentielt gøre et nyt forsøg på at opnå uafhængighed af Storbritannien. Det skotske flertal på 62 mod 38 pct. for at blive i EU - det største i nogen region i Storbritannien - kan gøre det politisk uimodståeligt for SNP at vælge denne vej i den nærmeste fremtid. I Nordirland, hvor alle valgkredse med katolsk flertal og med grænser udadtil stemte for at blive, er de politiske konsekvenser mindre klare, om end Sinn Fein m.fl. kan erklære forudsætningerne i Belfast-aftalen for brudt, hvis egentlig grænsekontrol genindføres, og i stedet søge genforening med resten af Irland inden for EU. Taget i betragtning, hvilken tilslutning unionen med Storbritannien nyder, forekommer sådanne tiltag imidlertid udsigtsløse, i det mindste på kort og mellemlangt sigt. Overordnet set vil udfaldet af afstemningen rejse meget betydelige spørgsmål om Storbritanniens egen territoriale integritet på længere sigt.

Opsplitning i nord og syd

Den store sejr for EU-tilhængerne i London, mod nederlag næste alle andre steder på nær områder med meget højtuddannede indbyggere som Oxford og Cambridge, peger yderligere på de socioøkonomiske kløfter, som deler England, med den økonomisk mest udfordrede nordlige del med klar tilslutning til at forlade EU. Dette stemmemønster lader også forstå, at EU-tilhængernes primære strategi - at fokusere på de negative økonomiske konsekvenser ved at forlade EU - ikke har haft megen succes blandt de dele af Storbritanniens befolkning, som har haft det vanskeligt økonomisk i de seneste år.

På den anden side er det en mulighed, at det i det mindste indtil nu økonomisk ukuelige London som følge af afstemningen kommer til at se sig selv som mere forskelligt fra resten af landet, hvilket vil styrke politiske krav om mere politisk magt til Londons direkte valgte borgmester.

David Cameron har allerede gjort, hvad han var nødt til at gøre, og har forladt premierministerposten med øjeblikkelig virkning, om end han først vil træde tilbage, når en ny anti-EU-formand for de Konservative er blevet valgt i oktober. Dette handlingsvalg vil imidlertid til en start tjene til at rette det regerende Konservative Partis politisk energi mod at finde en ny formand snarere end mod et nyt forhold til resten af Europa, eftersom David Cameron selv afstod fra at indlede den artikel 50-procedure, som udtrædelsen af EU formelt kræver. Usikkerheden om Storbritanniens forhold til resten af EU på længere sigt er som sådan forlænget, og det står endnu tilbage at se, hvorvidt de andre EU-medlemslande vil acceptere at skulle vente med at påbegynde udredningen af Europas fremtid, til det Konservative Parti har fået bragt sig selv i orden. Det øvrige EU er dog muligvis villig til at vente, da den fortsatte usikkerhed vil gå hårdest ud over Storbritanniens økonomi og således reelt svække den britiske premierministers forhandlingsposition.

Potentiel konservativ højredrejning

I sidste ende vil det Konservative Parti som en konsekvens af afstemningen med al sandsynlighed bevæge sig mod højre ved at vælge en ny formand fra EU-modstanderfløjen. Den dybe splittelse, som afstemningen har bragt frem i lyset hos partiet Labour - der ligesom centrum-venstre-partier over resten af Europa i de seneste år har mistet mange af sine traditionelle arbejderklassevælgere til EU-modstandernes indvandringsfjendtlige politiske program - kunne også let resultere i afsættelsen af Labour-formanden Jeremy Corbyn. Mange hos Labour vil give ham skylden for udfaldet og især hans afvisning af enhver form for begrænsning af indvandring; det kan således ende med, at begge Storbritanniens to store partier mister deres formænd som følge af afstemningen.

Valgets videre politiske konsekvenser for EU vil være meget negative. Regeringsledere over hele Europa vil være dybt rystede over den øjensynlige appel, som EU-modstandernes bedragerisk simple hovedargument besidder, et argument, der kan opsummeres på denne måde: "Stor indvandring er dårligt; det er EU's skyld; vi bliver nødt til at forlade EU for at begrænse indvandring". Det er et argument, som populistiske partier, oprørspartier og indvandringsfjendtlige partier over hele Europa let kan gentage. Marine le Pen fra Frankrigs Front Nationale, Geert Wilders fra Hollands Partij voor de Vrijheid og Tysklands Alternative für Deutschland har allerede meddelt, at de gerne ser tilsvarende afstemninger i deres egne lande, og de ville utvivlsomt sætte pris på at føre valgkamp på grundlag af tilsvarende hovedsagelig indvandringsfjendtlige programmer.

I lyset af den britiske afstemning synes det i dag mere sandsynligt, at sådanne kopiafstemninger kunne falde ud til EU-modstandernes fordel, ikke mindst med de - sammenlignet med Storbritannien - generelt stærkere indvandringsfjendtlige holdninger i de andre EU-medlemslande taget i betragtning. Og nye afstemninger om fortsat EU-medlemskab i andre EU- eller euromedlemslande ville højst sandsynlig få stor bevågenhed fra offentligheden, finansmarkedet og medierne over hele Europa, ja, hele verden, på grund af deres betydelige negative indflydelse over hele Europa.

Også et nej til globaliseringen

Hvordan EU-ledere vil forsøge at imødegå sådanne centrifugale kræfter, er et åbent spørgsmål, men at presse på for større integration i unionen forekommer at være en politisk set meget risikabel strategi at føre i hjemlandene, idet det kan styrke ønsket om yderligere afstemninger. Snarere vil den dominerende EU-forsvarsstrategi synes at være at forsøge at gøre det så svært som muligt for Storbritannien at forlade EU for derved at vise vælgere i andre lande, hvilke konsekvenser udtrædelse er forbundet med. Dette ville imidlertid ikke helt eliminere de generelt øgede politiske risici ved at udvide den europæiske integration, sådan som de er blevet påvist af det indvandringsmotiverede Brexit.

I mere overordnet henseende er Storbritanniens beslutning om at forlade EU et frontalangreb fra den engelske offentlighed på ideen om vidtrækkende politisk og økonomisk integration og samarbejde mellem lande. Eller med andre ord et angreb på globaliseringen selv. Den generelle politiske usikkerhed vil være øget over hele Europa og formentlig også hinsides Europas grænser, og dermed vil det sandsynligvis være endnu sværere at overbevise private virksomheder om at foretage langsigtede investeringer i en omskiftelig verden. Et så alvorligt anslag mod tilliden som dette vil lægge en dæmper på langsigtede økonomiske vækstudsigter og kunne føre til en videre rentetilpasning for globale aktivpriser, i og med at der følger en flugt til sikkerhedsaktiver. I en skrøbelig global økonomi, som allerede taber fart og med meget begrænset valuta- og finanspolitisk råderum tilbage, er dette en potentielt meget ødelæggende udvikling. En udvikling, som kunne have yderligere negative politiske og økonomiske konsekvenser rundt om i verden.

En potentielt svækket økonomi vil udgøre yderligere et problem for præsident Obama og Hillary Clinton i deres kamp mod Donald Trump, der ligesom europæiske populister vil opmuntres af Storbritanniens beslutning om at forlade EU. De transatlantiske TTIP- og EU og Japans FTA-forhandlinger vil skulle sættes i bero. Mere usikkerhed og en stigende yen vil også forårsage yderligere problemer for Bank of Japan og premierminister Abes overordnede forsøg på at reformere den japanske økonomi.

Alt i alt vil virkningerne af Storbritanniens afstemning mærkes overalt i en nu mere usikker og ustabil verden.

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Hvad Brexit indebærer for Storbritannien, EU og resten af verden

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Stik imod hovedparten af de sidste meningsmålinger, alle bookmakerodds og i hvert fald mine egne forventninger har et flertal på 52 mod 48 pct. af de britiske vælgere stemt for at forlade EU. Valgdeltagelsen var med 71,9 pct. meget høj, hvilket imod alle forventninger ikke styrkede den fløj, som ønskede at blive i EU.

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Many young Remain supporters have been blaming older voters for Brexit. But was there really a generational divide?

Remain supporter Elizabeth Mayfield, 19, looked on in despair as the referendum results came in.

And she knew who she blamed - an older generation that she sees as having secure jobs and gold-plated generous pensions, people who had caused house prices to soar and plunged the country into debt.

"I'm annoyed that baby boomers have messed things up for us again," says Mayfield, a student at Staffordshire University.

"They've voted for something that's not going to really affect them. They're not going to have to deal with the consequences."

It has been a common refrain on social media. Brexit would ruin "a whole generation's future despite them voting against", said one Tweeter. Another added: "Thank you baby boomers for the last nail in my generation's coffin."

A screen grab of a comment on the Financial Times website was widely shared. Young people's freedom of movement, it said, had been snatched away from "a generation that was already drowning in the debts of our predecessors".

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The David Cameron story

World reaction as UK votes to leave EU

These resentments are familiar to most people who've attended a multi-generational family meal in the past decade. But there is evidence to suggest younger voters were vastly more likely to support Remain than their parents and grandparents.

The polling industry's methods may have been widely called into question since the 2015 general election. But successive polls consistently found there was a relationship between age and likelihood to support leaving the EU.

A survey by Lord Ashcroft of 12,369 referendum voters after they had cast their ballot suggested that the older they were, the more likely they were to have voted Leave.

Almost three quarters (73%) of 18 to 24-year-olds said they had voted to stay in the EU, compared with 62% of 25 to 34s and 52% of 35 to 44s. Support for Brexit formed a majority among every other age category and grew with each, peaking at 60% among those aged 65 and over.

Similarly, comparing data from the 2011 Census with the referendum results indicate a pattern, says Rob Ford, professor of political science at the University of Manchester.

It's "pretty evident" that "places with lots of older voters voted for Brexit while places with more younger voters voted Remain", he says.

For this reason there was anger about the fact that 16 and 17 year olds were denied a vote in the referendum, whereas Scots of the same age were able to participate in 2014's vote on independence.

But there's a danger in generalising.

Other demographic factors have been at play, too. There was evidence to suggest that class, level of education and previous history of having voted UKIP were important, too. Areas with higher rates of immigration were more likely to support Remain.

And though most 18 to 25 year olds backed Remain, many didn't.

James Hofstetter, 20, an engineering student at the University of Central Lancashire, voted Leave, and says it's wrong to imply the opinions of older people should count for less.

"Everybody's got one vote, and everybody's vote is equal," says Hofstetter.

"These older people have grown up with the EU. They obviously know what's going on." Many 2016 Leavers would have voted to stay in the Common Market in 1975, but grown disillusioned with the reality of European integration, he says, and their experience should be acknowledged.

And it's not as though the young couldn't have done more to make their voice heard.

There's evidence that areas with lots of younger voters tended to have lower turnouts, says Ford. This was also true in the 2015 general election, when young voters were disproportionately likely to have supported Labour, while older people were more likely to have gone for the Conservatives.

The young might resent the old for dominating politics. The old might retort that the young need to show up in greater numbers if they want their views to be heard. The divide between the generations looks set to continue.

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Many young Remain supporters have been blaming older voters for Brexit. But was there really a generational divide? Remain supporter Elizabeth Mayfield, 19, looked on in despair as the referendum results came in.

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Addresses how this choice affects future generations long after the population, who made it, is no longer here.

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📎 Storbritannien splittet i to: Se hvem der stemte hvad
Storbritannien splittet i to: Se hvem der stemte hvad
Storbritannien splittet i to: Se hvem der stemte hvad
"Risikerer Storbritannien at gå i opløsning?", "Brexit: En rodet skilsmisse mellem to Storbritannien", "Brexit viser et dybt splittet Storbritannien". Sådan lyder nogle af de danske og internationale overskrifter, efter briterne sagde farvel og tak til EU i en meget tæt afstemning med 51,89 procent af briterne, der stemte for at forlade EU, mens 48,11 procent stemte for at blive.
dr

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Desto yngre brite, du er, desto hellere vil du gerne forblive i EU.

Og desto ældre brite, du er, desto hellere vil du gerne forlade EU.

En meningsmåling fra YouGov har undersøgt, hvordan vælgerne i Storbritannien havde tænkt sig at sætte deres kryds ved dagens historiske dag, hvor briternes valgresultat er lig med et britisk exit fra EU.

Svaret er entydigt.

De fleste britiske statsborgere under 50 år har sat kryds ud for "remain", og befolkningen over 50 år har sat kryds ud for "leave". Tallene viser også, at de 18-24-årige er de mest EU-glade tilhængere, hvorimod aldersgruppen 65+ er langt overvejende for at trække sig ud af EU.
Artiklen fortsætter under grafen.

Målingen er foretaget i slutningen af sidste uge, og 1.652 personer er blevet spurgt.

Målingen er gået viralt

På de sociale medier er sidste uges måling gået mildest talt viralt inden for de sidste timer.

Flere tusinde danske og udenlandske personer har delt billedet af YouGov-målingen, heriblandt forfatter og journalist Mads Kastrup med teksten:

"De gamle efterlader de unge i en fremtid, de helst så sig fri for. 'Tak for lort', hedder det vist," skriver han på sin facebookprofil.

Målingen giver også et bud på, hvor lang tid de forskellige briter skal leve med den beslutning, som bliver truffet ud fra en gennemsnitlig levealder.

Et eksempel:

Hvis du er 21 år i dag, så er din forventede levealder 90 år. Derfor skal du i 69 år leve med, at Storbritannien har valgt at trække sig ud af EU.

Et andet eksempel:

Hvis du er 73 år og netop har stemt "leave", så skal du med din forventede levealder i 16 år leve med, at briterne i fremtiden ikke er en del af det europæiske samarbejde.

Det får teaterdirektør for Mungo Park til at skrive følgende på sin facebookside:

"Gamle røvhuller med drømme om det længst forsvundne imperium efterlader et lidt mindre Great Britain uden Skotland, Nordirland og Europa til de unge. Tak for lort."

På Twitter er et tweet fra et canadisk byrådsmedlem med målingen lige nu retweetet knap 10.000 gange.

Quite an amazing set of stats. #Brexit pic.twitter.com/3NXsgYwIvx
- Sheldon Bossert (@sheldonbossert) 24. juni 2016

Det har ikke været muligt at finde en meningsmåling, der viser aldersfordelingen, efter briterne torsdag satte deres kryds.

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Måling: De gamle briter ville Brexit, mens de unge ville Bremain

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Desto yngre brite, du er, desto hellere vil du gerne forblive i EU. Og desto ældre brite, du er, desto hellere vil du gerne forlade EU. En meningsmåling fra YouGov har undersøgt, hvordan vælgerne i Storbritannien havde tænkt sig at sætte deres kryds ved dagens historiske dag, hvor briternes valgresultat er lig med et britisk exit fra EU.

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"A vote for selfishness": The battle of millennials and Brexit-voting boomers

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As the dust settles on the UK decision to exit the EU, younger people fear their fate has been sealed by their elders.

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Sturgeon: Konservative EU-tilhængere må presse på for at få Storbritannien til at blive i det indre marked.

"Det er uforsvarligt at forsætte forhandlingerne," siger DF-formanden om fastlåste forhandlinger med regeringen.

Alle andre lande har lagt teknikken død, men i Norge er der konkrete planer om at lagre CO2 svarende til udslippet fra 700.000 personbiler om året i undergrunden.

Skolerne og lærerne skal have friheden til at dyrke fagligheden tilbage lyder et bud på, hvordan børns læseevner igen kan blive bedre.

Jan Christensen var sikker på, at han havde gjort et urkup til 19.000 kr. Men han var blevet offer for en avanceret forfalskning.

Omsætningen faldt for malerkæden Flügger i første halvdel af selskabets regnskabsår. Dårligt vejr får skylden.

Mærsks kinesiske storrival Cosco står til at fastkile sig som det rederi, der håndterer flest containere. Også selvom Mærsk har købt verdens sjette største rederi.

Den tidligere Real Madrid-spiller Henning Jensen er død. Han spillede 21 landskampe for Danmark.

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Se kortet: Sådan stemte briterne sig ud af EU

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Sturgeon: Konservative EU-tilhængere må presse på for at få Storbritannien til at blive i det indre marked. "Det er uforsvarligt at forsætte forhandlingerne," siger DF-formanden om fastlåste forhandlinger med regeringen. Alle andre lande har lagt teknikken død, men i Norge er der konkrete planer om at lagre CO2 svarende til udslippet fra 700.000 personbiler om året i undergrunden.

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Brexit vote proves that the populist wave has spread across the globe. Donald Trump opens a golf course. President Obama is dealt a blow.

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The United Kingdom has voted to leave the European Union, 52 percent to 48 percent.

I am broken by this result. As a young person, I cannot help but feel betrayed. In fact, it's somewhat hard not to take it a little bit personally.

Let's look at the voter demographics. The "Leave" vote was overwhelmingly carried by those over the age of 65, whereas according to pre-vote polling, 72 percent of those ages 18 to 24 favored "Remain." Why does this matter? Surely, in a referendum every vote is equal, and the will of the people carries regardless of the demographic?

Well, there is some truth to that. But that doesn't mean every UK voter will suffer the same consequences.

The process of the UK leaving the EU would not be complete until late 2018 at the very earliest, assuming Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty is triggered when a new prime minister is appointed this autumn. Even then, that's just the basic settlement - trade deals and movement regulations could take decades to hammer out.

My generation will not enjoy the free movement to 27 different countries and the workers' rights that rescued Britain from the "sick man of Europe" era of the 1970s

Despite young people having to live with the decision of the referendum for an average of 69 years, it has been decided for them by people who will only have to live with it for an average of 16 years. Put simply: The long-term effects of Brexit will not be felt by those who overwhelmingly voted for it. Because they will be dead.

This is a final middle-fingered salute to the young from the baby boomer generation. Not content with racking up insurmountable debt, not content with destroying any hopes of sustainable property prices or stable career paths, not content with enjoying the benefits of free education and generous pension schemes before burning down the ladder they climbed up, the baby boomers have left one last turd on the doorstep of the younger generation.

My generation will not enjoy the free movement to 27 different countries and the workers' rights that rescued Britain from the "sick man of Europe" era of the 1970s. For us, there will be no golden age of economic hope and glory. UK Independence Party leader Nigel Farage's sickening elation at "independence day for the United Kingdom" (surely a joke, given the context of violent colonialism that Britain herself exported to the world over the past centuries, yet sadly deadly serious) heralds nothing but a grim forecast of turmoil.

I could go on about the economic hardships Britain will face. Instead, I'll explain why I feel betrayed as a 21-year-old student.

The UK's coal industry is gone. Our shipbuilding industry is gone. Our steel industry is fast disappearing. And with increased globalization when it comes to sourcing commodities, our food industry looks to be going that way too. What has gained the UK a triple-A credit rating, and a place among the strongest economies in the world, is the strength of its financial sector and its research sector.

The UK is home to some incredible universities. According to the QS 2015/16 World University Ranking, four of the top 10 universities in the world are based in the UK. One of these is the University of Oxford, where I have just completed an undergraduate degree. Another, University College London, is where I will be starting my master's degree in October. It's safe to say I have a stake in these institutions receiving the level of funding that have helped them become such prestigious research hubs.

In the University of Oxford's official statement, it acknowledged that it received £66 million a year from the European Union. Not only will Oxford lose this money, potentially, but it will also risk losing out on pan-European collaboration on research, an invaluable asset when forming ambitious research projects.

When the results came out, my fellow students and young friends reacted with dismay. All the classic stages of grief were represented.

University College London's outlook is even bleaker. The provost, professor Michael Arthur, pointed out that the UK is a net recipient of EU research funding, and thus would lose vast swaths of higher education funding. This is not to mention the loss of the Erasmus program, encouraging movement of students around European universities, as well as schemes such as Horizon 2020, which funds UK universities (and of which UCL is the highest funded university in the entire European Union).

Put more simply, the loss of the 12 percent of the UCL student body that Brexit would flirt with would put around £40 million of income at risk, a devastating blow to any university.

And yet, even while writing that, I felt my heart sink. These facts were not hidden from the UK electorate. The experts were not meek, timid, insipid - they were bold, outspoken, and unanimous in their verdict.

It didn't matter. The UK voters ignored them. In fact, Michael Gove, a leading figure in the Leave campaign and a potential candidate for the next prime minister of the United Kingdom, not only said that "Britain has had enough of experts" but likened those same experts to Nazis. There was a total and institutional rejection of the advice of economic experts by the Leave campaign. Their campaign peddled lies, and our country will pay the price.

When the results came out, my fellow students and young friends reacted with dismay. Some reacted with anger, some with hope, some with pleas, such as a petition to challenge the result. All the classic stages of grief were represented.

My parents voted Remain, and understand the negative consequences of Leave. But the generation before them, my grandparents, seem blind to what they have unleashed. They don't see the hypocrisy of adopting a staunchly anti-immigration stance in line with the Leave campaign's xenophobic tactics - even though their own parents fled persecution of Jews in Central Europe in the early 20th century.

Many people are calling for the fighting spirit of Churchill, in a hope that our country will come together now and make the best of a bad situation. "Chin up," they say. "We can't sit around moping. We need to unite!"

I am a member of a generation that was supposed to represent hope - we were meant to solve the problems left by the last generation, usher in an era of progressive and unified humanity. We were meant to be the people to finally harness the technological potential of the 20th century for something other than a world war. We were the eternal optimists.

How on earth can a generation so filled with wonder and ambition and hope be so utterly crushed by the time most of its members hit their 20s? Last night's vote, and the EU referendum campaign, showed how.

The United Kingdom is anything but united. With this vote, the cynicism that my generation was supposed to have left behind has been reborn. The vote will undoubtedly erode the last of any optimism that we could have carried forward from the past few years.
Jack Lennard recently graduated from the University of Oxford with a degree in archaeology and anthropology. He will be beginning a master's degree in cultural heritage studies at University College London in October.
First Person is Vox's home for compelling, provocative narrative essays. Do you have a story to share? Read our submission guidelines, and pitch us at firstperson@vox.com.

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Brexit is a middle finger from the baby boomers to young people like me

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The United Kingdom has voted to leave the European Union, 52 percent to 48 percent. I am broken by this result. As a young person, I cannot help but feel betrayed. In fact, it's somewhat hard not to take it a little bit personally. Let's look at the voter demographics.

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Vacío
Hvad Brexit indebærer for Storbritannien, EU og resten af verden
Hvad Brexit indebærer for Storbritannien, EU og resten af verden
Stik imod hovedparten af de sidste meningsmålinger, alle bookmakerodds og i hvert fald mine egne forventninger har et flertal på 52 mod 48 pct. af de britiske vælgere stemt for at forlade EU. Valgdeltagelsen var med 71,9 pct. meget høj, hvilket imod alle forventninger ikke styrkede den fløj, som ønskede at blive i EU.
mandag morgen

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https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/udland/brexit/snydt-af-de-aeldre-over-70-procent-af-de-unge-briter-ville-blive-i-eu

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Just a few days before the EU referendum - on June 19 and 20 - we carried out an internet survey of the electorate in Britain and asked more than 2,100 people how they were planning to vote.

Some 49% of respondents planned to vote to stay in the EU, with 51% to leave (the result was 49% remain and 52% leave among likely voters). Given that 48% opted to remain and 52% to leave in the actual referendum vote, the survey provided a fairly accurate picture of what happened.
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One of the biggest questions since the vote has been why older people were more inclined to vote to leave than younger generations. We found a similar pattern in our survey and may be able to offer some insight into this matter.

It has been argued that attitudes towards the EU are driven by calculations that people make about the costs and benefits of membership, both for themselves and the country as a whole. Their sense of identity plays a role in all of this, as does who they listen to when making a decision.

Who do you think you are?

National identity is a powerful force in all this - and it comes into play when thinking about why older people seemed more inclined to vote to leave the EU.

When asked a question about whether they feel British, English, Scottish, Welsh or something else, respondents in our survey north of the border were likely to say they were Scottish rather than British. But a change is also occurring south of the border as well. Many people said they were English rather than British.

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The majority of people who identified as British opted for remaining, while the people who identified as English were strong supporters of Brexit.

Importantly, no less than 44% of over 65s think of themselves as English but only 21% of the under 26s think this way. Perceptions of being English increase with age, and this is one of the reasons why older people supported Brexit. In the survey 21% of people below the age of 26 voted for Brexit compared with 69% of people over the age of 65.

Another aspect of identity politics relates to the immigration issue, which played a really important role in the referendum. Some 52% of all respondents thought immigration would be better controlled outside the EU and only 3% thought it would be worse.

The immigration issue is primarily about threats to identity and culture resulting from people coming into the country without any apparent controls. Most people saw Brexit as a way of tackling that - which trumped economic concerns.

National or global?

When it comes to the costs and benefits of the EU, perceptions vary according to whether or not you are someone who wins or loses in the global system. Our survey showed 64% of graduates were planning to vote to remain compared with only 25% of people with no formal qualifications at all.

Some 58% of people in professional and higher management jobs wanted to remain compared with only 27% of people in unskilled jobs. Not surprisingly, high-status individuals with marketable skills favour UK membership of the EU, whereas people who lack these skills and are vulnerable in the labour market are opposed.

The same applies across the regions of the country. People in relatively prosperous regions such as London supported remain, whereas people in poorer areas such as the North-East of England opted to leave. The evidence is pretty clear that reducing tariff barriers and harmonising regulations across countries stimulates trade and creates jobs and prosperity. But if most of the gains from this go to the affluent and skilled and many of the rest are left behind, then the losers in the globalisation process will challenge the whole idea.

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By analysing the referendums that took place in Europe during the 1990s to decided whether Europe should integrate more closely, we can see similar themes at play. These votes on the Maastricht Treaty were best interpreted as public reactions to short-term, national and domestic issues rather to long-term considerations about the future of the European Union.

Voters mix up domestic politics with those of the European Union. The relative unpopularity of national governments led to the rejection of the Maastricht Treaty in Denmark and the near-rejection of it in France. This contrasted with the vote in Ireland, which had a much more popular government at the time, and where the referendum passed easily.

It seems attitudes to EU integration are closely tied to domestic issues. So the austerity pursued by the British government after the 2010 general election has implications for the referendum vote.

Since 2010 the government has systematically reduced funding for deprived areas of Britain. It is a safe bet that when the government started cutting the budgets for deprived communities in the North of England, it did not realise the decision would come back to bite them in the form of a large vote to leave the European Union.

Who do you hear?

The final factor relates to who people listen to when making up their minds. Much of the comment during the campaign focused on David Cameron's failure to persuade Conservative voters and Jeremy Corbyn's failure to persuade Labour voters to vote for Remain.

However, the evidence suggests that this was a much bigger problem for the prime minister than for the Labour leader. Some 62% of respondents in our study who think of themselves as Conservative supporters said they would vote to leave, compared with only 27% of Labour party supporters.

We also found that 36% of Scots who identified as SNP supporters were in favour of Brexit - even though party leader Nicola Sturgeon is staunchly for remaining - and plans to push for Scotland to continue to be part of the EU. So it's far from true that Scottish Nationalists uniformly supported the SNP line. If Sturgeon's aim is to leave Britain in order to join the European Union, it may not be a walk on the park.

Paul Whiteley, Professor, Department of Government, University of Essex and Harold D Clarke, Ashbel Smith Professor, University of Texas at Dallas

This article was originally published on The Conversation. Read the original article.

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Just a few days before the EU referendum - on June 19 and 20 - we carried out an internet survey of the electorate in Britain and asked more than 2,100 people how they were planning to vote.

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Den 23. juni 2016 stemte et flertal af briterne ved den såkaldte Brexit-afstemning for, at Storbritannien skulle forlade EU. Ordet Brexit er en sammentrækning af 'Britain' og 'exit' og dækker over spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt Storbritannien skulle blive i den Europæiske Union eller forlade det europæiske samarbejde. Der var stor splittelse i den britiske befolkning såvel som internt i de britiske partier, og ved afstemningen valgte knap 52% af vælgerne at stemme for, at Storbritannien skulle forlade EU. Et splittet Storbritannien og hårde forhandlinger med de tilbageblivende EU-lande har ført til en lang og bøvlet proces, og først i januar 2020 forlod Storbritannien EU. Mens Storbritannien og EU har forhandlet sig frem til en skilsmisseaftale, så er parterne endnu ikke nået til enighed om, hvordan forholdet mellem dem skal se ud i fremtiden. De forhandlinger er nu i fuld sving.

Boris Johnson holder tale i Parlamentet efter sin store valgsejr den 12. december.

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Den 23. juni 2016 stemte et flertal af briterne ved den såkaldte Brexit-afstemning for, at Storbritannien skulle forlade EU. Ordet Brexit er en sammentrækning af 'Britain' og 'exit' og dækker over spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt Storbritannien skulle blive i den Europæiske Union eller forlade det europæiske samarbejde.

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How are young people responding to Brexit, and how does it affect their political engagement?