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Kenneth (first two events) and Saisujith (last two events): Timeline
Chelsea: International responses
Benjamin: Reflective images

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The Directory was formed in 1795 after the National Convention came to an end. This French revolutionary government was set up by the Constitution of the Year III. This constitution aimed to limit the voting and participation based solely on your social class, gender, or property.

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The Society of the Pantheon was a political group made up of mostly Jacobians. This was a group made with intentions to revolt against the directory. They had weekly meetings to publish newspapers about their issues, edited by Babeuf. They wanted to revive the Jacobin Constitution of 1793 while also changing back their original intentions of idealism and sincerity of purpose. However, The Directory put an end to this in February of 1796 when General Bonaparte personally ended the society.

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International Response To Government: The Conspiracy of the Equals (May 1796)

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International Response To Government: The Conspiracy of the Equals (May 1796)

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The Conspiracy of the Equals, which in French is Conjuration des Égaux. It was a failed coup d'Etat during the French Revolution. It was led by François-Noël Babeuf, who wanted to overthrow the Directory and replace it with an egalitarian and proto-socialist republic. François-Noël Babeuf was inspired by

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This image depicts the Conspiracy of Equals, an attempt to overthrow the Directory. The mastermind of the event,  François-Noël Babeu, wished to implement a egalitarian republic.

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1797: The government declared partial bankruptcy 

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1797: The government declared partial bankruptcy 

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France's finances were already in a substandard position as they gave up so much for the Seven Years War and got nothing in return. They aided the American colonists in their revolution and received nothing in return, again. None of this was resolved, and with the regime of the Directory, it became worse through their corruption as there was enormous waste in public expenditure. There was not enough money to support the military and the population of Paris had to be fed at the cost of the nation. The condition worsened as it took as many as 300 livres in Assignats to acquire 1 livre in cash. When the government declared partial bankruptcy in 1797, payment of interest on the national debt was suspended and the Assignats had to be repudiated altogether. The Directory could not deal with this as there was immense corruption, so they were condemned by the people due to the failure of the Directory to assess the financial issues. This caused more tension to rise amongst the people and the government, as well as between the Directors and the two legislative chambers since the Directory was not in sympathy with either the Assemblies or the constituencies. Later on, in March of 1797, elections took place to fill the spots of 1/3 members of the Assemblies. The results yielded great gains for the Moderates and anti-Jacobin party, but the Directors were not ready to give up their authority. They attempted to appeal to Hoche, but he declined, and Napoleon was asked to depose Carnot from the Directory. Deputies, including Pichegrus, were arrested and 154 electors were cancelled.

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International Response To Government: French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801)

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International Response To Government: French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801)

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The French campaign in Egypt and Syria (1798–1801) was Napoleon Bonaparte's campaign in the Ottoman territories of Egypt and Syria. He proclaimed to defend France's trade interests, seek a further alliance with Tipu Sultan and to weaken Britain's access to India. In 1798, Napoleon's forces managed to sail past Admiral Nelson and the British fleet to land in Egypt, which his forces immediately won against the Mamelukes (a member of a regime that formerly ruled parts of the Middle East) as well as the Battle of the Pyramids.

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This depicts Napoleon's victory at the Battle of the Pyramids. This battle secured Napoleon local dominance over Egypt, followed by him entering Cairo and instituting a regional government.

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November 9-10 of 1799: Coup of 18-19 Brumaire

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November 9-10 of 1799: Coup of 18-19 Brumaire

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Coup of 18-19 Brumaire was when the system of government under the Directory was overthrown and the Consulate was substituted, giving rise to Napoleon Bonaparte. This event is often viewed as the end of the French Revolution. Leading into the final days of the Directory, Abbe Sieyes and Talleyrand planned the coup with the help of General Napoleon Bonaparte, who came to France after the failed Egyptian campaign. In Paris on 18 Brumaire (November 9, 1799), the legislative Council of Ancients, under Sieyes, voted to have the Ancients and the Council of Five Hundred, the lower house, meet the next day in the palace at Saint-Cloud to put the councils at an accessible site away from the city and under the intimidation of Napoleon's troops. The councils did not know this though. The next day, 19 Brumaire, Bonaparte's speech in front of the Ancients was encountered with a wave of violence in the meeting place of the Council of Five Hundred. The members had heard rumors, which turned out to be true when they saw Napoleon's troops. Sieyes, Lucien Bonaparte, and Joachim Murat dissolved the Council of Five Hundred and forced the Ancients to decree the end of the Directory along with themselves. This led to the establishment of a new consular government run by First Consul Bonaparte and assisted by consuls Sieyes and Roger Duclos. By November 14, Napoleon was placed in the Luxembourg Palace.