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Sugar produced in British Jamaica and French Saint-Domingue accounts for most of the world's sugar production and exports

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The global conflict occured between the years of 1756-1763. Europe, the Americas, West Africa, India and the Philippines were embroiled in the war. As the affected countries required a constant supply of soliders, countries like Britain engaged men notwithstanding their race nor enslaved status.   For instance, Britain depended heavily on black soldiers to guard their colonies in North America.

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It was an insurrection that happened from 1760-1761, led by Apongo (Wager). He led a series of uprisings and over a span of 18 months the rebels managed to kill sixty whites and destroy tens of thousands of pounds worth of property.

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African slaves were able to unite to rebel against the white and make new identification and affinities despite their past differences.

Happened during the 7 years war (Britain and other European powers)

Legacy: Major battle within the 7 years war, stories of the rebels were noticed despite the white slaveholders dictating much of the narrative

Involved many actors like merchants, planters and imperial functionaries

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1788 - Societe des Amis des Noirs formed
Opposed slave trade but focused on defending civic rights of free men of colour

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26 August 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

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26 August 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

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set by France's National Constituent Assembly - "rights of men to be universal"

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The American Constitution goes into effect.

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Full recognition of the civic rights of free men of colour which was accepted by Girondists and Jacobins

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In France, the Republic is declared, abolishing the monarchy. In January 1793, Louis XVI is beheaded.

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French declare war on British. White slaveowners on Saint-Domingue appeal to British to take over the colony believing that they would maintain slavery.

British PM William Pitt believes putting down the slave revolt would prevent further revolts in their own colony, while seizing Saint-Domingue would serve as a bargaining chip for peace negotiations with France whilst simultaneously improving Britain's standing in the Caribbean at the expense of France.

British send 7000 men led by General Grey to take the island, but fail due to diseases and local resistance.

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1793 - Léger-Félicité Sonthonax appointed as governor of Saint Domingue

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1793 - Léger-Félicité Sonthonax appointed as governor of Saint Domingue

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As a Jacobin and member of the Societe des Amis des Noirs, Sonthonax had been appointed as someone likely to vigorously promote the revolutionary National Convention's strategy of allying people of color against the treachery of white colonists who conspiring with the British

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- Reflected the pressure of slave revolt and war
- Demonstrated a surge of republican and national sentiment by imposing a new egalitarian order, denouncing privilege and neutralising the claims of property and intermediaries like colonial assemblies

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- Resulting from the decree
- Endured until nearly the end of the decade

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(1798) Different ideas regaring slavery between Thomas Jefferson and Persident Adams

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(1798) Different ideas regaring slavery between Thomas Jefferson and Persident Adams

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The two U.S. parties had somewhat different positions on slavery. Between the adams administration and the northern Federalist leaders. The Adams administration favored business with the new leader of Saint Domingue so long as he welcomed U.S. traders. Toussaint-Louverture, alarmed by signs that the colons were regaining influence in Paris, was happy to accept American help. Subsequently, U.S. war- ships helped Toussaint-Louverture to overpower an opponent, mulatto general Andrd Rigaud

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1801 - Thomas Jefferson became the 3rd US 

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1801 - Thomas Jefferson became the 3rd US 

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He offered Napolean Bonapete every assistance in isolating Saint Dominque and promised to "reduce Toussaint to starvation." Such antagonistic policy towards the ongoing revolution in Saint Dominque (or Haiti) was consistent with Jefferson's view that Toussaint-Louverture and his supporters were "Cannibals of the terrible republic." (He mentioned this when he wrote a letter to Aaron Burr (3rd VP) in 1799.)

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In 1802, the French sent out a massive army to destroy black Govt. in Saint Dominique in order "to reassert metropolitan power and to reestablish slavery and white supremacy". (encouraged by British and U.S.)

However, Napolean intended the forces to take reclaim Louisiana.

Thomas Jefferson was worried about this and laid out actions to prevent the french from doing so.

Led to selling of louisiana and the weaking of the French forces in Saint Dominique

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Although slavery had been previously abolished there, it was reestablished by Napoleon, resulting in a slave revolt

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- Jefferson managed to nearly double the land area of U.S. thanks to the resistance of the freedom fighters of Haiti (but yet U.S remained hostile to Haiti and did not recognise it)

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Dessalines proclaims Haiti's independence, signaling the formation of the world's first Black Republic.

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- Jefferson wrote to the British Minister in 1804 to influence him to stop his support for Haiti (pg 662)
- Pickering (former Secretary of State) wrote a letter of protest  (in response to Jefferson's actions)

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Embargo Act of 1807 - US Embargo on Haiti was formally adopted

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Embargo Act of 1807 - US Embargo on Haiti was formally adopted

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- purpose was to prohibit U.S vessels from trading its European nations (first applied to Haiti then to Britain)
- impacted US as much as Britain and France.

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US ended legal participation in the Atlantic slave trade

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US ended legal participation in the Atlantic slave trade

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(pg 662)
- Britain too

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1816 - Haiti helped Simon Bolivar to radicalise Spanish-American revolutionary struggles

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1816 - Haiti helped Simon Bolivar to radicalise Spanish-American revolutionary struggles