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Shown here are the summary (Video 1 to 4).

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Growing rock melon using hydroponic is my favorite trip out of all, it is because Rock Melon is my favorite fruit🤤

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Listed are the research i've done based on video 1 to 4! My favourite part of the trip was learning about the growing of melons using hydroponics method. 😊
- Farhanah

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Selfing & crossing tomatoes

Selfing is to pollinate a flower using its own pollen. To do selfing, flick a flower and dab the flower's pollen stuff to its own stigma.

Crossing is suitable for flowers age 1-2 days. You pull the sepals top expose the petals and remove them with tweezers. Remove the anther with a sharp needle. and the flower should be only left with the stigma. Collect the pollen from another plant and rub it on the stigma of the first plant.
This is a good way to illustrate and show manual self pollinating in plants.

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Video 1: What is Selfing (Self-Fertilization)?

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Video 1: What is Selfing (Self-Fertilization)?

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In self-fertilization, the plants act as mother and father to carry out reproduction. This mechanism is otherwise referred to as self-fertilization or selfing. The pollen is the male gamete of the plant. This male gamete reaches the stigma present in the flower of the same plant is known as self-pollination. This process is also called autogamy. This type of plant does not require any pollen vector to transfer the pollen. Some examples of plants are peas, orchids, sunflowers, and other legume plants (Britannica, 2022).

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Video 1: What is Crossing (Cross-Fertilization)?

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Video 1: What is Crossing (Cross-Fertilization)?

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Cross-pollination, also called heterogamy, type of pollination in which sperm-laden pollen grains are transferred from the cones or flowers of one plant to egg-bearing cones or flowers of another (Britannica, 2022b).

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Differences between self pollination and cross pollination 

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Video 1: Differences of selfing & crossing

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Video 1: Differences of selfing & crossing

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Presented in this table is the differences between self pollination and cross pollination based on the research done.

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Video 1: Pollination & Fertilization differences

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Video 1: Pollination & Fertilization differences

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Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma. Pollen can be transferred by an animal or by the wind. While, Fertilisation takes place inside the ovary when the nucleus of pollen grain fuses with the nucleus of an ovule to produce a zygote (BBC Bitesize, 2022).

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Video 2: What does the Japanese black melon taste like?

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Video 2: What does the Japanese black melon taste like?

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The skin of this melon is a dark greenish black with barely perceptible striping. In terms of flavor, black beauty watermelons are deeply sweet and juicy. They have a crisp and slightly crunchy texture. This Japanese watermelon grown only in the northern island of Hokkaido; its flavor is unsurpassed, with a completely different and much higher level of sweetness, characterized by a very red and crunchy (more or less the same consistency of our watermelons) with very few seeds (Thrive Cuisine, 2020).

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What Does Black Watermelon Taste Like? (ANSWERED)

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In this post, we’ll tell you what black watermelon tastes like. Additionally, we’ll dive into some other questions about the fruit.

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Video 3 & 4: Types of Hydroponics systems (P1)

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Video 3 & 4: Types of Hydroponics systems (P1)

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WICK SYSTEM

• Most basic hydroponic method.

• Requires minimum electrical component and doesn’t require any advanced machinery.

• Has 4 main components: the growing tray, the reservoir, the wick, and the aeration system.

• Plants are suspended in a growing medium above a tank filled with water and nutrient solution, which are transported to the plants’ roots by way of a wick connecting the solution with the growing medium.

(The Hydroponics Guru, 2021)

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Video 3 & 4: Types of Hydroponics systems (P2)

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Video 3 & 4: Types of Hydroponics systems (P2)

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EBB & FLOW SYSTEM
• This system has two main phases – ebb (flood) and flow (drain).

• Slightly more components than the Wick: growing tank/container, reservoir, water pump (overflow), an air pump, pipes, and a timer.

• The plants are placed in the pots in the growing tray. Then a timer is used to maintain the flow of water. As the timer starts, a submerged pump in the reservoir begins pumping water to the container (growing tray) placed above.

• The pumping continues for short periods (generally 5-10 minutes) till the plant roots reach a specific set water limit.

(The Hydroponics Guru, 2021)

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Video 3 & 4: Types of Hydroponics systems (P3)

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Video 3 & 4: Types of Hydroponics systems (P3)

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• An active hydroponic system as it employs a pump to feed your plants with water and nutrients. It is also known by some other exclusive names, such as a trickle system or a micro-irrigation system.

• The drip system has a submersible pump placed in the reservoir with supplies to each plant.

• Uses a timer to control the entire operation. As the timer is turned on, the nutrient solution drips via a drip line on the plant’s roots.

• Drip hydroponics systems are of two types: recovery drip hydroponics system and non-recovery hydroponics system.

• After feeding the plants, the extra nutrient solution is not allowed to run away but is collected back in the reservoir in recovery systems. Non-recovery drip systems are incapable of this.

(The Hydroponics Guru, 2021)

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Video 3 & 4: Types of Hydroponics systems (P4)

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Video 3 & 4: Types of Hydroponics systems (P4)

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• The water and nutrient solution are held in a larger reservoir with an air pump to keep it oxygenated.

• Has 2 main components: the grow bed and the reservoir. Other than these, nutrient pumps, tubes and net pots are also required.

• The nutrient solution flows over the plant roots constantly through a tube and drains back to the reservoir. There is no timer needed here.

• The net pots are kept in a growing tray filled with growth media (such as coconut, perlite, and Rockwool).

•The growing plants are placed in a small plastic basket with roots immersed in the nutrient solution. To facilitate plants with oxygen, air-tubes area must have.

(The Hydroponics Guru, 2021)

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Video 3 & 4: Types of Hydroponics systems (P5)

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Video 3 & 4: Types of Hydroponics systems (P5)

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• Most advanced technology of all hydroponics systems.

• Plant roots remain suspended in the air and are nourished with mist every few minutes. The mist contains water and nutrients, and the plants imbibe oxygen directly from the air. There is a timer to control mists.

• Can be of any shape to grow plants vertically or horizontally. This futuristic system is known for its ability to grow plants faster, approximately three times faster than soil-grown plant

• The yield is much higher than with any other hydroponic system.

(The Hydroponics Guru, 2021)

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Video 3 & 4: What is Best Hydroponic Systems for Growing melons?

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Video 3 & 4: What is Best Hydroponic Systems for Growing melons?

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The key to success in growing melons hydroponically is knowing that they require more water and nutrients than other types of hydroponic crops. Growing watermelon hydroponically also requires a shelving system to hold the weight of the melons as they require quite a bit of water and nutrients to thrive in comparison to other hydroponic crops.

So what is the best hydroponics method to use?

Ebb and Flow System  (shown in gif)

An ebb-and-flow hydroponic system is best for growing watermelon due to its use of one large reservoir and a steady supply of nutrient solution that is constantly available for these water-based fruits to absorb. This is because using ebb-and-flow systems for hydroponic watermelon also cuts down on the amount of time and attention you need to spend on the operation.

(Jamie, n.d.)

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Video 3 & 4: What is the correct Hydroponic Water Temperature and Humidity for melons?

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Video 3 & 4: What is the correct Hydroponic Water Temperature and Humidity for melons?

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Temperature:

Outside, watermelons grow best when the temperatures are between 65°F and 80°F. That said, some species of watermelons may withstand temperatures of up to 95°F.

Most species, however, suffer from slow growth or no growth when temperatures reach over 80°F or below 50°F.

Humidity:

The correct humidity level for hydroponic watermelon is somewhere between 60% and 80%, depending on the species you are growing.

If grown inside, regular light misting may help achieve the preferred moisture levels for your watermelons.

(Jamie, n.d.)

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Selfing is to pollinate a flower using its own pollen. To do selfing, flick a flower and dab the flower's pollen stuff of the anthers to its own stigma. In this video, they're demonstrating the self pollinating of tomatoes.

Crossing is suitable for flowers age 1-2 days. You pull the sepals top expose the petals and remove them with tweezers. Remove the anther with a sharp needle. and the flower should be only left with the stigma. Collect the pollen from another plant and rub it on the stigma of the first plant.
This is a good way to illustrate and show manual self pollinating in plants.
Overall, a 7/10. Very interesting.

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Reportedly, the black melon grown in Northern Hokkaido of Japan is one of, if not the most expensive melon in the world with a range of $250 to $6000 for each melon, about 500k yen on average. This high cost can only be attributed to the time and dedication each melon is given by the farmers.

One of the reasons this watermelon is all black has to do with the philosophy of its farmer. It is said that the darker the watermelon's green skin is, the sweeter it becomes. And it is grown that way, with lesser watermelons getting cut off from the vine to prevent any of the nutrients going towards this lesser melon and instead goes towards the better melon.

Even post-growth, these melons are pampered with the good treatment, as farmers ready to present them to potential customers with a layer of polish- literally. The end result is a large black watermelon that's shiny and infinitely sweet.

7/10, if I can afford it, I'll try it. Otherwise, can't even buy this.

https://thegardenmagazine.com/densuke-watermelons-the-black-watermelon-that-costs-a-fortune/

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Growing Japanese Melons in a Hydroponic Grow Tent

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Growing Japanese Melons in a Hydroponic Grow Tent

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Looking in this video, there a few similarities between each melon farms is that the unneeded melons are usually culled, which is pretty interesting. Hydroponic systems are pretty interesting overall, so this video was pretty cool to watch. Basically, this video was a combination of the previous two videos, with self-pollinating and also growing a few melons.

Hydroponic systems and melons work almost perfectly, since watermelons really need that water content. The setup for his indoor farm takes place in a tent, and light is provided via an artificial light, which coincidentally acts as the shelving system when the melons eventually growing up the tent. Day 30 is when the farmer decided to start the self-pollination, all while cutting off useless branches. And the rock melon is finally obtaining its signature vein pattern on day 60.

9/10, I love melons.

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What are the advantages and disadvantages of self and cross-pollination?

As what we have already know, the process of transfer of pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of the same flower or another flower is called pollination.

Self-pollination

It is the basic form of pollination because it only involves one flower. This type of pollination occurs when pollen grains from the anther fall directly onto the stigma of the same flower. Although this type of pollination is simple and quick, it does result in a reduction in genetic diversity because the sperm and egg cells of the same flower share genetic information.

Advantages of self-pollination:

The purity of the race is maintained

There is no wastage of pollen grains

Self-pollination ensures that recessive characters are eliminated

The plants do not depend on external factors or pollinating agents for pollination.

Disadvantages of self-pollination:

The seeds are less in numbers

Cannot be produced new varieties of plants

Produced seeds are weak due to the minute size of the endosperm

Without new characters introduced, the resultant offsprings’ immunity to diseases reduces.

Cross-Pollination

It is a complex type of pollination that involves the transfer of pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of a different flower. This type of pollination results in an increase in genetic diversity because the different flowers are sharing and mixing their genetic information to create unique offspring.

Advantages of cross-pollination:

The newly produced plans are healthier

Cross-pollination leads to the production of new varieties

The seeds are produced in more significant numbers and are more viable

The seeds develop and germinate accurately and grow into healthier plants

Results in new types because cross-pollination can be carried out between two different types of the same species or even two species.

Disadvantages of cross-pollination:

There is more wastage of pollen grains

Pollination may fail due to the distance barrier

Cross-pollination may introduce some unwanted characters.

The plants do not depend on external factors or pollinating agents for pollination.

It is uneconomical for plants as they have to produce large, aromatic and nectar flowers to attract insects.

here is the reference: https://byjus.com/questions/what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-self-and-cross-pollination/

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It was stated that melons have been around for more than 4000 years already and there were almost 40 different type of melons. Some of them are...

1. Watermelon
It has a scientific name of Citrullus Lanatus which is famous for its sweet and fresh flavor.

2. Cantaloupe
Its scientific name is Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis. It has a sweet taste with soft texture.

3. Persian Melon
Its scientific name is Cucumis melo. It also has a sweet taste with crispy texture.

Reference:
https://www.purewow.com/food/types-of-melons

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Is it even really summer before you've eaten a juicy wedge of watermelon? Or a piece of prosciutto-wrapped cantaloupe? How about Tajín-dusted honeydew? We think not. While you and these three popular melons go way back, there are a ton more to explore. Did you know that melons have been around for more than 4,000 years? In fact, there are nearly 40 types of melons out there, and we're on a mission to taste as many of them as we can. Here are 20 kinds to look out for, plus recipes to try with each one.
RELATED: 50 Watermelon Recipes to Make (and Eat) All Summer

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20 Types of Melons to Load Up on While They're in Season

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Is it even really summer before you've sunk your teeth into a juicy piece of melon? There are way more varieties out there beyond cantaloupe and honeydew. Read on for 20 different types of melons to look out for at the farmers market.

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Video 1: Tomatoes can come in different colours

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Video 1: Tomatoes can come in different colours

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Tomatoes can come in different colours, such as, red, sure, but also shades of yellow, orange, pink, green, burgundy, purple, streaked and striped, and practically black. Along with those colors come a range of flavors!!

For example, a red tomato vs a yellow tomato,

The colour red of a tomato is caused by mostly one molecule: lycopene. Lycopene belongs to the group of carotenoids. It is a quite strong colour red. It has this red colour thanks to all the double bonds. These bonds can influence light in such a way that only specific wavelengths are reflected. Apart from lycopene, red tomatoes also contain quite some β-carotene. This molecule also gives oranges and carrots its orange colour, it has an orange/red hue.

Yellow tomatoes on the other hand have a very different concentration of these colour molecules. They contain far less lycopene and β-carotene than the red variety. In some cases the concentration goes down to 0%, but in most cases there is a reduction of more than 90%! This explains why they’ve lost their red/orange hue. Nevertheless, yellow tomatoes still contain a lot of carotenoids.  Carotenoids are a very large group of molecules, to which also carotene and lycopene belong. However, the yellow tomatoes contain slightly different types of cerotenoids. They seem to contain more lutein, this is a colour molecule which makes fruits and vegetables, yes indeed yellow!

The main difference between red and yellow tomatoes simply is their colour. This also causes their compositions to be slightly different. They contain different molecules, simply because it’s these molecules that change the colour. There are some other differences, for instance in vitamin C content and other minor components. However, the exact differences depend a lot on the exact variety tested.

The same goes for taste. Some claim yellow tomatoes are sweeter, but it will strongly depend which yellow tomato you’re comparing to which red tomato. The same goes for tartness and the related acidity.

References: https://www.chicagobotanic.org/plantinfo/tomato_different_color#:~:text=Some%20gardeners%20see%20tomatoes%20in,come%20a%20range%20of%20flavors.

https://foodcrumbles.com/yellow-vs-red-tomatoes-colour-science/

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For most gardeners, the top vegetable is the tomato. As they plant in late May, visions of red, round, juicy beefsteaks dance in their heads.

Or not. Some gardeners see tomatoes in a rainbow of colors: red, sure, but also shades of yellow, orange, pink, green, burgundy, purple, streaked and striped, and practically black. Along with those colors come a range of flavors. There's a tomato for every taste.

There's the blocky pink hybrid 'Early Wonder', early maturing and determinate. Determinate tomatoes grow to a certain size and stop, producing all their fruit over a few weeks and then quitting. Because they tend to be smaller and bushy and need less staking, they are a good choice for smaller gardens and containers, according to Lisa Hilgenberg, horticulturist at the Garden's Regenstein Fruit & Vegetable Garden.

Most varieties are indeterminate, meaning they will continue to produce fruit until frost. But they are long, sprawling vines. "Tomatoes can be an awkward plant," says Hilgenberg, and indeterminate tomatoes must be caged or tied to stakes or trellises. The payoff, though, is that indeterminate varieties, especially older heirlooms, provide a spectacular range of flavor, shape-and color.

Take 'Black Krim', a brownish Russian variety with "a very salty taste," Hilgenberg says. Like many dark varieties, it comes from the area around the Black Sea. 'Cherokee Purple' is a burgundy tomato with a sweet, complex flavor sometimes described as having smoky undertones. 'Cream Sausage' is a meaty, finger-shaped tomato that is a pale, buttermilk yellow. Imagine it in a fresh salsa with cilantro. 'Dr. Carolyn' starts ivory and turns yellow as it ripens. 'Paul Robeson' is nearly black. 'Green Zebra' is green striped with yellow.

'Emmy' is orangey-yellow with a very intense flavor. As with many heirlooms, part of the attraction of 'Emmy' is its origin story: originating in Transylvania, its seeds were passed to an Oregon couple living in Germany by a Romanian refugee. Like many of the Garden's tomatoes, its seeds were ordered from Seed Savers Exchange.

Not all heirlooms are sprawlers. 'Nebraska Wedding', another orange variety, is determinate, and its seeds are said to have been passed to Nebraska brides on their wedding days.

Sometimes the interest of a tomato is its shape. Some tomatoes are long, like chili peppers. Some are shaped like tiny pears or large strawberries. Some are tiny, like berries. Others are deeply lobed, such as 'Costoluto Genovese', a red Italian variety that has folds like draperies.

Whatever their color, tomatoes have the same needs.

Full sun is essential-a solid eight hours each day. A southern exposure, where the sun shines all day as it moves from east to west, is ideal, Hilgenberg says.

Fertile, rich, but well-drained soil also is a must; tomatoes are heavy feeders, Hilgenberg says, and the Garden applies no fertilizers. The nutrition comes from compost and well-composted cow manure, spread on beds in late winter and dug in several weeks later.

Perhaps the trickiest part of growing tomatoes is providing steady moisture. If the water supply is uneven, with soil moisture swinging between dry and wet, ripening tomatoes can crack. Uneven watering also is related to blossom drop and blossom end rot. On the other hand, soaking-wet soil can rot roots.

Gardeners have various strategies for providing steady moisture, from self-watering containers to soaker hoses with timers to milk jugs buried neck-high next to plants, with a pinhole so water oozes out slowly. But one essential is an organic mulch, to deter surface evaporation that dries out soil. The Garden usually uses straw, Hilgenberg says, but other gardeners may use last autumn's fallen leaves.

Tomatoes are semitropical plants, probably originating in Peru thousands of years ago before they were domesticated and the long process of selective breeding began for color, shape, flavor, and tolerance for shorter seasons. But their origin means they can't tolerate cold soil or frost, so even during a freakishly warm spring it's not wise to plant them before Memorial Day.

Even determinate tomatoes likely need some support. They need to be held high where the leaves and fruit are exposed to sunlight and air can circulate freely to deter disease. That means providing a stake, trellis, or cage early, when they still seem tiny and insignificant and before they explode into sprawling monster vines. With stakes or a trellis, you'll need to tie the growing vines up with soft, flexible ties-repurposed pantyhose work well-and prune ruthlessly to direct energy toward the fruits you want and to keep the plant (and the harvest) manageable.

Don't plant tomatoes in the same space year after year, or soil-borne diseases can become a problem. Rotate all plants of the nightshade family, including tomatoes and peppers, with plants of other families, such as the brassicas (cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, and pak choy) or the squashes or lettuces and spinach. If tomatoes are only in the same spot every three or four years, the cycle of soil-borne disease is likely to be broken.

It's perfectly possible to grow tomatoes in large pots. But make them large and deep, so the soil doesn't dry out too fast and there's space for an ample root system. Use a rich, freely draining, sterile potting mix, and mulch over the surface.

Tomato transplants, whether grown at home or bought in the garden center, should be planted deeply. Pinch off the bottom few leaves and plant a few inches of the main stem below the soil; new roots will grow out from it to better supply the plant with water and nutrients. In pots, you may need to use an organic slow-release fertilizer.

The widest range of colors, shapes, and flavors is available when you shop for seeds by mail order and start seeds at home, but a reasonable variety of ready-grown transplants is available in May at good garden centers-just be sure you harden the plants off, exposing them gradually to the outside over a few days, and don't plant them too early. Let them enjoy warm soil and summer sunlight so they can grow into their best flavor and color-whatever that color may be.

Beth Botts is a garden writer and speaker who lives and gardens in Oak Park, Illinois.

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For most gardeners, the top vegetable is the tomato. As they plant in late May, visions of red, round, juicy beefsteaks dance in their heads. Or not. Some gardeners see tomatoes in a rainbow of colors: red, sure, but also shades of yellow, orange, pink, green, burgundy, purple, streaked and striped, and practically black.

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Shown here are the video references (Video 1 to 4).

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Enjoy this music while browsing our blog!!

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World's Most Expensive Watermelon - Japanese Black Watermelon Cultivation - Black Watermelon Farm

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The Black Melon Farm
The black melon is one of the most expensive watermelons in the world originating from Japan. They polish the surface of the melon, costing up to 500k yen. 1st they bulk grow watermelon seeds and germinate. They they put them into plastic dividers. They then pair it with another sprout for hybridization. They prepare greenhouses for planting the watermelons.

Once grown, some watermelons are removed from the others because the better watermelons get more nutrients that way. The green rind signifies unripeness. Therefore if the melons are all black they are very ripe, sweet and beautiful . This particular farm only harvests some melons each harvest, but all of their melons are perfect.

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Video 3 & 4: Countries with highest melon production

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Video 3 & 4: Countries with highest melon production

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Top 3 countries with highest melon production:

1. China
Made around 13,541,452 tons of melons in a year.

2. Turkey
Around 1,777,059 tons of melon production per year.

3. India
About 1,266,000 tons of melon every year.

Reference:
https://www.atlasbig.com/en-us/countries-melon-production

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🧕🏼 - Fatnin Farhanah (B20210063)
🙋🏻‍♂️ - Amir Danish (B20210480)
🙋🏻‍♂️ - Hazim Ridzuan (B20210363)
🧕🏼- Siti Maisarah (B20210173)
🧕🏼- Amni Sahilah (B20210380)

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Video 3: GROWING JAPANESE MELON INDOORS IN HYDROPONICS 

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Video 3: GROWING JAPANESE MELON INDOORS IN HYDROPONICS 

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Growing Japanese Melons Indoors in Hydroponic

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Video 3: GROWING JAPANESE MELON INDOORS IN HYDROPONICS 

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Video 3: GROWING JAPANESE MELON INDOORS IN HYDROPONICS 

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Growing Japanese Melons Indoors in Hydroponic

Growing Japanese Melons in a Hydroponic Grow Tent
This guy grows japanese melon ichibana in a tent using hydroponics. He covers the water nutrient solution using reflective screen foil. He starts by germinating the seed in a sponge, and he uses an air pump and feeds air into the water container tub. Once he fills the water container with water and adds liquid fertilizer, he puts the plants root through some holes he drilled on the cover of the water container. On day 20, his plants grew so much he hanged it on the lamps and flowers are blossoming. The females have fruits at the bottom. Day 30 is when they have to pollinate by hand since there are no insects. He pulls out a male flower, and pollinates a female flower with the inner pollen of the male flower.

Meanwhile. the propagated roots from the side branches of the plant has grown. Day 47 is when you see some melons growing large. At Day 40 something, they change and top up some of the fertilizers. Day 60, the melons finally have that vein pattern on the surface

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Video 4: LADANG HIDROPONIK ROCK MELON TERBESAR DI MALAYSIA | HMA HYDROFARMS MALAYSIA

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Video 4: LADANG HIDROPONIK ROCK MELON TERBESAR DI MALAYSIA | HMA HYDROFARMS MALAYSIA

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Ladang Hidroponik Rock Melon Terbesar di Malaysia | HMA Hydrofarms Malaysia

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Video 4: LADANG HIDROPONIK ROCK MELON TERBESAR DI MALAYSIA | HMA HYDROFARMS MALAYSIA

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Video 4: LADANG HIDROPONIK ROCK MELON TERBESAR DI MALAYSIA | HMA HYDROFARMS MALAYSIA

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Ladang Hidroponik Rock Melon Terbesar di Malaysia | HMA Hydrofarms Malaysia

8000 Rock Melon trees were grown on 1.25 acres of land using Hydroponic method. All pipes used have square shape with the size of 4 by 4 inches ordered from China, its cover can be opened and cleaned easily. Plant by plant length is about 1 and half foot and were grown in zig-zag formation. There were also 102 rows of pipe with 69 or 79 trees each. The farm also consists of 5 module, each has 1600 trees and 1 pump for each module. The pipe was buried underground to lower and maintain the temperature.

Pest problem and mold growth became their daily challenges.
Its type, way to prevent and cure must be known. Proper management and
monitoring were also needed.