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The Victorian age was ruled by queen Victoria for almost 64 years, she came to the throne when she was just 18 years old, in 1837.

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For the wealthys classes this was a period of progress, while for the poorer classes it was very hard.
Work houses were built, which were houses where the poor received pensions and housing in exchange for work, but life in these houses was dreadful.

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These poor living conditions of the lower social classes inspired the novels. In fact the novel during the XIX century has become the art most capable of reflecting the complexity of the modern world.
Through different stories they told the bad life that the poor classes faced every day; also the children worked from an early age.

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The novel of manners:

deals economic and social problems and describes a particular social class. WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY

The humanitarian novel:

a mixed between humor and criticism; talk about the less fortunate. CHARLES DICKENS

The novel of formation:

tels the evolution of the protagonist from his youth to maturity, telling his emotions, fellings, projects and action. SISTER BRONTE

Literary nonsense:

uses elements without logic. LEWIS CARROLL

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The  work tells the adventure of an orphan who manages to preserve his angelic character despite a very hard life. Charles Dickens combines the sentimental, melodramatic story of an orphan child  exploited by a gang of thieves with the keen social satire and realism. This enables him to tackle important social issues: the new Poor Law which assigned poor people to workhouse in which living conditions resembled those of a prison.
Poverty during Victorian period was atrocious. Many children lived in conditions that we would find shocking today, so it was very common that many of them chose a life of crime rather than begin full time work as young as five or the slow starvation that workhouses inflicted.

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One of the most famous novelists, the main themes of his novels are: poverty, greed and hypocrisy of the rich, child labor, work houses.
The characters of his works are: rich and greedy masters,
children, orphans, workers, social climbers. His works are serialized, like a television series between which he creates suspense.

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There were many women who read and wrote novels during that period, some women writers used a male pseudonym to get their novel published, because being women it was difficult at that time.

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Writers and readers belonged to the same social class, middle class.

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It was to tell the problems of the society in his works: the terrible working condition, the exploitation of the children.

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omniscient narrator

setting: the city with his proplems

real stories

real people of the society

long plot

ending with good triumphing over evil

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Themes of victorian novel (SANTAMARIA MARTINA)