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In India from birth, people were put into social ranks called castes. once your caste is picked, your caste will stay the same with no way to change it. People with higher castes were normally priest's, landowners, and soldiers. Untouchables were people that were never given a caste and do most menial jobs. In India there were lots of religions and 80% of the people in India were Hindu and about 13% were Muslim. Other religions in India were Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism witch all began in India.

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Afghanistan was settled around 7000 BCE. Alexander the Great conquered Afghanistan in 330 BCE and brought the Greek language and culture to the country. The British and Afghans fought in three wars in the 19th and 20th centuries.The Afghans finally won the war in 1919 and formed an independent country.  In 1996 troops left Afghanistan and the Taliban took control of Kabul. After Osama Bin Laden attacked the United States they began searching for him in Afghanistan and invaded the country. The first president of Afghanistan was elected in 2004 and his name was Hamid Karzai. In september 2014 Ashraf Ghani was elected.

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The people of Afghanistan were divided into many different groups, all with different history and culture. The Pashtuns were people who lived in the south. They were descendants of people who came to Afghanistan 3,200 years ago, and were related to the Persian people of Iran. Tajikis were another Persian group, and spoke a language called Dari. A group called Hazaras live in the mountains. T heir language contains Mongol words so many think they were descendants of them. The culture of Afghanistan is also very interesting. Many mines and schools have been destroyed because of war, but many children still go to school whenever possible. A popular drink in this country is tea, and a favorite meal is Palau which is made of rice, fruit, and sheep. An unique thing about Afghanistan's culture is that they take great pleasure in kites. many fly and make their own, and often participate in kite fights.

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Afghanistan is located in central Asia with Iran to its west and Pakistan to its east. Tall mountains and dry deserts make up most of the land in Afghanistan, and mountain peaks are treacherous and snow covered most of the year. Many Afghans live in the fertile valleys between the mountains. They grow their own crops and tend to their own animals. Summers are hot and dry but winters are really cold, especially north of the Hindu Kush. The Hindu Kush mountain range is located in the eastern part of the country, near Pakistan and Tajikistan. Many rivers flow through the mountains. Snow melt and rain water that flows out of the Hindu Kush pools into a low area and never reaches the ocean. Mountain passes allow travelers passageways across Asia, which was very busy on the Silk Road.

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After decades of hunting, animals like bears and wolves have been hunted to near extinction. Tigers have gone extinct . Hunters sell the soft leopard skins in the capital of Kabul. You may find snow leopards in the Cold Hindu Kush, they rely on their thick fur coat. the rhesus macaque and flying squirrels are found in the warmer areas.The country is rich with the rare blue ore called Lapis lazuli. Lapis lazuli was also used on the tomb of King Tutankhamun.

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The country India is part of Asia and its capital is Delhi. India is bordered by the Bay of Bengal to its southeast and the Arabian Sea to its southwest. The Himalaya is in the North of India and it is the tallest mountain range there. Some of the geography in India includes Thar Desert and the Ganges Plain. Some cool facts are that India's national animal is the bengal tiger and their national currency is the Indian rupee.

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Siddartha Gautama (Buddha) was born in 563 B.C.E.. In the 1800s Nepal was a powerful country . British controlled India at the time and forced Nepal to sign treaties giving land to the British. Mount Everest was given its name after British surveyor Sir George Everest in 1863. Also Nepal didn't let any foreigners in Nepal until 1951.

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In Nepal most people rely on trees because of their energy needs. Animals are also getting extinct because of the deforestation and the population is too high. The Nepalese people believed that there was a Yeti and an Abominable Snowman that lives in the mountains of Nepal.

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Most of the people of Nepal practice Hinduism or Buddhism. They don't have a caste system anymore but it still affects social life. There was the Hindu caste, the Bhotes, the hill tribes, and the Newar. The Hindus originally came from India. The Bhotes live in the mountains and came from Tibet. The hill tribes are mostly Sherpas, who are guides to many travelers. The Newar are the native people of Nepal. Most of the people of Nepal live in plains and valleys. The rest live up high in the mountains. The Ganges river floods the land in the valleys, which helps the people with farming.

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Afghanistan map

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Afghanistan Flag

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This rare ore is found in Afghanistan.

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India’s earliest civilization was the Indus Valley  which started about 5,000 years ago on the Indus valley but is now in Pakistan. Nobody knows why but two buildings called Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were abandoned in 1700 BCE, during this civilization. The Aryan people who were farmers from central Asia landed in India around 1500 BCE. The Vedic Scriptures are writings that form the Hindu religion which were written during the Aryan Reign. During the time of the Gupta empire the Indian astronomer Aryabhata determined that the world revolves around the sun. But this was long before the western part of the world accepted this theory. The Mughals over saw an age of art, literature and
architecture in India between 1527 and 1707 Europies then started setting up trading companies but then in 1757 Britain started taking control over most of the country. Uprisings against the rule of Britain started in 1856.

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Nepal is located in South Asia between India and China. Nepal had the greatest altitude change of any place in the world. Nepal is a little bit bigger than Arkansas.

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in June 2008 Nepal ended its Monarchy. Also Nepal's parliament elected its first president soon after. This government change came nearly 20 years of political turmoil.

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Afghanistan is a newly formed democracy. Under their new constitution, the president and two vice presidents are elected every five years. The International Security Force Assistance helps the government keep peace and rebuild the country. The government still faces problems with a violent extremist group called the Taliban, for control over the the country. International security and public services are also problems for the government.

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The indian government  is growing quite fast, and experts think that it might end up being one of the world's leading markets! In India, their parliamentary government was established from the british.  Many parties compete for the best elected positions. But it was different In 1947 after independence one party, The Congress Party, one family, and the Nehru family were the best in politics for decades.

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Ever since the start of the Hindi religon they have had a great respect for Animals and the world around them. In India the sacred animal is actually a Cow so Cow's just roam around everywhere causing lots of Traffic jams. One of the most famous mountain ranges  the Himalayas has many rare and strange .On the range the most elusive animals is the snow leopard that lives near the edge of these mountains. Also in India one of the biggest mangrove forests that is called Sundaranbans located.