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Insects and spiders (that are bilaterally symmetrical) typically have a fixed number of metameric segments in each region of the body (head, thorax, abdomen) and have jointed limbs.
There is also both a mouth and 🤬 were the gut shows regional specialisation.
Arachnids are also bilaterally symmetrical and have a fixed number of metameric segments. There are however four pairs of legs and the body has two main sections (the head and thorax form the cephalothorax).
Arthropods are most successful animal group on earth - more species than any other group - largely due to the basic insect body plan that can fill a wide range of niches.

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Chordates- have backbones (vertebrates)
- include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and                                 mammals
- are bilaterally symmetrical and are segmented
- contain complex organs that create complex                             systems
- have a spinal column with segmented muscle                             blocks
- have skeletons with internal jointed system of                           calcified bones
- have a one way gut that includes a mouth and an                       🤬

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Phylum platyhelminthes- Flatworms
They are bilaterally symmetrical and flattened dorso-ventrally.
The advantage of being bilaterally symmetrical is that it allows for sensors at the front of the organism and it makes movement easier.
The area between the gut and the outer surface is tissue rich in cells, so there is a high demand of oxygen and other metabolites as there are many cells per unit volume, the dorso-ventral flattening of the organism increases surface area to volume ratio
Dorso ventral flattening has 2 advantages:
-It increases O2 uptake
-It decreases diffusion distance from body surface to body cells

Platyhelminthes also only have 1 opening to the gut so food is consumed and passed out through the same opening

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More round in cross section
Bilaterally symmetrical
Have spaces in tissue between body surface and gut collectively coelom
This means the ratio of surface area to metabolically active tissue is increased
Spaces are fluid filled allowing an effective Hydrostatic Skeleton
Muscles for Locomotion and gut are separate allowing them to occur independently
Provides room for development of organs

Metamerically Segmented
Most segments are similar in structure with their own body cavity

Have a one way gut
Separate mouth and 🤬
Allows regional specialisation preventing incoming food from mixing with waste.
Within the gut there is a muscular Pharynx, Oesophagus, Crop (storage area), muscular Izzard and intestine

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Phylum Cnidaria- examples include jellyfish  and are restricted to an aqueus medium as they have hydrostatic skeletons, which is formed by a fluid filled enterton, they live in aqeous environments as they cannot restrict water loss.

They are also radially symmetrical

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Structure - true roots, stems and leaves (that possess vascular tissue that allows ferns to grow considerable sizes).
Presence of xylem and phloem ensures well developed systems for water and ion transport (and organic nutrients respectively).
Waterproof cuticle and stomata allow ferns to colonise drier areas than mosses.
The stem runs horizontally underground with leaves being only part that extends above ground.
Ferns also disperse pores that germinate in damp conditions.

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Mosses (Division Bryophyta)
Mosses (Division Bryophyta)
Mosses (Division Bryophyta)
Mosses (Division Bryophyta)

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Mosses (Division Bryophyta)
Mosses (Division Bryophyta)
Mosses (Division Bryophyta)
Mosses (Division Bryophyta)

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Structure- Lack True Roots, Stems and Leaves
Do not possess Vascular Tissue (Xylem and Phloem)
Support is by Turgor pressure
Have filamentous like structures called Rhizoids to anchor the moss to the ground
Not being true roots they do not penetrate the ground and so not water or mineral uptake occurs
Do not possess Cuticle or Stomata
Lack of ability to control water loss means mosses are unlikely to reach a significant size and are restricted to damp habitats
Spores are dispersed on top of stalks by the wind

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Flowering plant- angiosperms
- the flowers are reproductive structures and                                seeds opposed to spores
- vary in form eg trees or herps
- have true roots, steams and leaves with a                                    waterproof  cuticle and stomata
- tissue is vascular
- the roots are able to penetrate deep into the                                ground to absorb water and minerals
- adaptations found in ferns are adated  even                                more for life on land

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Please add your ideas.....
Kingdom Plantae....
Kingdom Animalae....