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after the volcano split the island into separate parts, the tortoise split into 2 separate species varying in shell size as they had to adapt to the 2 very different environments.

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The way in which species can evolve/change overtime.

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Phyletic Evolution:

-Occurs when a population of species gradually changes over time rapidly making the modern form of the organism differ from the original organism making them two different species.
-This is extremely rare.

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fittest finches were able to reproduce. beak type that gave an advantage to the bird was selected, and over many generations the birds became separate species.

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Meioses occurs during sexual reproduction.  DNA from the mother and father cross over, assorting the DNA you receive as their offspring. The combination of the mother and fathers DNA provides variation in you and your siblings and the rest of your family.

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Selective Pressures of Evolution

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During sexual reproduction, DNA crosses over, assorting the DNA you receive as their offspring. The combination of the mothers and fathers DNA provides variations.

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Adaptations is a special feature or characteristic that improves an organisms chance of survival.  DNA from the mother and father cross over, assorting the DNA you receive as their offspring. The combination of the mother and fathers DNA provides variation in you and your siblings and the rest of your family.

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In 1859, Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution by natural selection

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Organism are grouped together into the 5 kingdoms of classifications when they share things in common

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phyletic evolution is rare where as branching evolution is far more common.

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phyletic evolution is rare where as branching evolution is far more common.

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Individuals within a population compete for resources like food, water, mates and shelter. Those with a selective advantage are able to compete for the resource, ultimately reducing the chances of dying out or being eaten.

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Reducing biodiversity (variation) of species.

Selects parents in order to produce certain characteristics in offspring

Including methods such as Artificial insemination, IVF and embryo screening and cloning

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Analogous structures: structures with the same function, but result from different evolutionary origins.

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Life is classified into one of the 5 kingdoms , Including: protista, plantae , Animalia ,fungi , prokaryote. Then phylums class : order, family , genus  and species.

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Jean Baptiste Lamarck’s Theory1744-1829

Charles Darwin’s Theory 1809-1882

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Two species of hare are found in North America, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) and the black-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus californicus) which is actually a hare.The snowshoe hare livings in the northern parts that are snow covered in the winter. The black-tailed hare lives in dessert areas (see next slide for image).

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Two species of hare are found in North America, the snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) and the black-tailed jack rabbit (Lepus californicus) which is actually a hare.The snowshoe hare livings in the northern parts that are snow covered in the winter. The black-tailed hare lives in dessert areas (see next slide for image).

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There are three main parts if natural selection:
-Variation
-Selection
-Competition

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darwins finches are an example of natural selection where one species of finch became 14 as they adapted to the changes in environment. Differed in habitat, diet, size, and beak shape.

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Changes in population as a result of chance events like floods and fires meaning the whole population would die out.

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- a population of organisms of a particular species will show variation.
-  Some of these variations will be better suited to the environment the organism lives in that others.
-  There is a struggle for survival meaning not all individuals will survival and reproduce.

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Mutations can occurring all organisms and is the source of a new genetic variation. A mutation is a change in the genetic code of DNA and can lead to a new protein being formed as a result

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-  Lack nucleus and cell organelles

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Branching Evolution:

-Is more common
-Occurs when a population is divided into two or more new populations that are prevented from interbreeding.

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a process where the environment selects favourable characteristics and reduces the frequency of less favourable characteristics

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Branching evolution is when a species is majorly diverse due to selective pressures, causing problems with the communication between how they breed

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- Two or more species effect each-other's evolutions
-  Co-evolution is most likely is to happen when different species have close  ecological interactions with one another for example

Predator and prey

Parasite and host

Competitive species

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Natural selection: Organisms with traits to better suite their environment better survival

Gene flow: Movements between populations may cause addition in new traits or emigration  loss of traits

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The more species have access to food and shelter, the better there chance is for survival.

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A special feature or characteristics thats improves the organisms chance of survival.

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Technological advances listed below have the potential to unbalance natural levels in biodiversity. Theses technologies outlined can be used horticulture, agriculture and anima breeding to select with characteristic that is most favorable will be passed on to the next generation.

-Artificial Semination
-IVF and embriyo screeing.
-Cloning.
All these increase bio-diversity in species and can reduced a partially trait in a environment.

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Lamarck's theory from 1744-1829 and Darwin's theory from 1809-1882

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Homologous structures
Is the same bone structure  just look different to adapt to different environment

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The organisms with the best suited characteristics. have a better chance of survival.

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This happens when closely related species become more dissimilar over time. Typically this is a response to different environmental conditions and different selection pressures.

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Most mutations are harmful to the organism and decreases its chance of survival.

If a mutations results in a characteristic that gives the organism an increased chance, then it is more likely that the organism will survive long enough to reproduce. It then passes on its genetic information to its offspring including the ‘increase survival’ trait and over time an increase proportion of the population possess this trait.

This is the way populations of organisms can become resistant to methods we as humans have used to kill or control their population size.

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Taxonomy is study or science of classification.

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Before the year 1845 a population of a light grey peppered moth would cling to trees with a light grey coloured bark. Because the grey coloured moths were well suited to their environment their population thrived as they were able to stay well hidden from predators. Moths such as the white/black coloured moths would be more visible to predators, resulting in the dying out of the other colours and resulting in the adaptations of the percentage of the other coloured moths. E.G the grey moths were more likely to survive.

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1st Part:  Genus
2nd Part: Species

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A species can evolve in a number of different ways due to Selective Pressures(factors that impact on a species to evolve in an environment). PANDA PAW

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A species can evolve in a number of different ways due to Selective Pressures(factors that impact on a species to evolve in an environment). PANDA PAW

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Variation is important for  the survival of a/our species. If we aren’t varied enough in our species we may become extinct.

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phyletic evolution is where a population of a species can change over a period of time and its current state differs from their original state, meaning they are almost two different species now.

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phyletic evolution is where a population of a species can change over a period of time and its current state differs from their original state, meaning they are almost two different species now.

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The fight for the fittest when animals fight for the right place to nest to lay their eggs

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bio= living
diversity= variety

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 There are two different forms in which speciation or the evolution of a species can occur.

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 There are two different forms in which speciation or the evolution of a species can occur.

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Phyletic and Branching evolution

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Species is the most specific way we can classify life on earth

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The way in which species can evolve / change over time

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The way in which species can evolve / change over time

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1.Protista
2. Plantae
3. Animalia
4. Fungi
5. Prokaryotae

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Domain

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

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Occurs when unrelated species become more similar over time.

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Phyletic evolution and branching evolution are the two main forms of speciation

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1. Bacteria

2. Eukarya

3. Archaea

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Classification of life is split into specific groups called taxa