# data[].attributes.body
By Jane Ataman

# data[].attributes.body
International trade is the exchange of goods and services between countries. This type of trade gives rise to a world economy, in which prices, or supply and demand, affect and are affected by global events.

# data[].attributes.body
Questions given on project sheet

# data[].attributes.body
A view of all major trades in the world. We can see that Canada to United States is the largest trade. It also shows that Canada exports much more to the United States then imports.

# data[].attributes.body
About the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) and Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)

# data[].attributes.body
CETA us a fairly new trade agreement between the EU and Canada. It will cut 98% of tariffs between countries to boost trade. This will shape the rules of trade for the future.

# data[].attributes.body
This video looks at the trade relationship between Canada and the United States.

It is integral we trade as both countries help each other and almost rely on each other for imports and exports. Canada generally exports more raw resources, while the United States exports manufactured goods. As the largest traders compared to any other country it allows for many products to be available yearly (for example fruits).

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Canada - United States Trade Relationship

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The United States and Canada share more than a common border. Similar geography, weather, demographics, and culture promote a close trading relationship, while a shared language and similar regulations allow for fluid business transactions and efficient production. Increased bilateral economic cooperation has resulted in a large consumer base and expanded cross-border activity for both the American and Canadian agriculture and agri-food industries.

# data[].attributes.body
This video discusses what international trade is, and the difference between international trade and free trade.

This video identifies what international trade is, the trade between countries rather then trade within the same country. The export is determined by how the money is converted for a trade. A trade surplus is what countries look fro to make money (by exporting more then importing). Free trade allows for mutual benefits as there is no limits or disagreements on importing or exporting certain products.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.entities[].name
Coronet Instructional Films Stop Motion Animation

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.entities[].name
Growth of International Trade in Nineteenth Century

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.entities[].name
Advantages & Disadvantages of International Trade

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
This video identifies what international trade is, the difference between international trade and free trade, and the benefits that come as a result.

# data[].attributes.body
This video looks at factors Canada considers when choosing suitable trading partners. It also takes a look at the current major trading partners for Canada whether it be exporting or importing.

This video is useful at looking at Canada's trade with countries with large markets and stable economics. Canada's wants to trade with advance countries with technology that can be traded back to Canada. They may also consider trading with smaller countries as a gateway to larger more advance countries.

# data[].attributes.body
This webpage is looking at the statistics of exporting and importing by Canada. These stats compare pervious statistics and show how the current imports and exports are doing.

I learned that the forestry exporting is going down which is good because it shows that there is more concern for the Earth’s wellbeing not just Canada’s growth as a country. Exports increase from 6 of the 7 exported types of goods , forestry is the only export to decline of the 7 types. Imports also has an increase from 6 of the 7 imported types of goods

Machinery make up 27% of the total imported goods (mainly from the US). Canada’s major export is energy is Crude petroleum.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Canada Year Book, 2012. International trade

# data[].attributes.body
The foreign trade zone one of four components of the Global Commerce Support Program. The purpose of this zone is to attract foreign direct investment. It supports Canada profit and non-profit organizations when they support the FTZ-type marketing program.

A country that is officially designated for eligibility for tariff and tax exemptions with respect to the purchase or importation of raw materials, components or finished goods. Materials and goods can generally be stored, processed or assembled in the FTZ for re-export or for entry into the domestic market.

Canada has a major new initiative that will eliminate tariffs on all manufacturing inputs by 2015. The first country in the G-20 to offer a tariff-free zone for industrial manufacturers. This is applied to everywhere in Canada making Canada one large FTZ for firms importing manufacturing inputs.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Foreign Trade Zones - Marketing Program (FTZ-MP)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Site of the Canadian Trade Commissioner Service to help companies do business abroad: market studies, contacts abroad, services of our offices abroad.

# data[].attributes.body
Canada is part of many trade policies. With that there are many trade agreements made: Foreign promotion and protection agreement (FIPA). Free trade agreement (FTA) that reduces trade barriers, such as tariffs. Mutual recognition agreement (MRA) that is used for regulating good trade between countries.

Lastly, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is the international forum for exporting and importing. It is effective for having one rule set that everyone apart fo the agreement must abide by when trading using this agreement. There are other agreements Canada uses to make international trade easier such as transport agreements.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Foreign investment promotion and protection agreements

A Foreign investment promotion and protection agreement (FIPA) is a bilateral agreement designed to protect and promote foreign investment through legally-binding rights and obligations. With some exceptions to protect sensitive policy areas, FIPAs ensure foreign investors are treated just like domestic and other third-party foreign investors. FIPAs prevent governments from seizing investments without providing prompt and adequate compensation. They ensure investors are free to bring their capital and returns home if they wish to do so.

Free trade agreements

Canadian Free trade agreements (FTA) are treaties that open markets to Canadian businesses by reducing trade barriers, such as tariffs, quotas or non-tariff barriers. They create more predictable, fair and transparent conditions for businesses operating within foreign countries. Canada's FTAs cover substantially all trade between parties to the agreement. Many of Canada's FTAs also go beyond "traditional" trade issues to cover areas such as services, intellectual property and investment. Some countries use the term economic partnership agreement (EPA) instead of FTA. The two terms, EPA and FTA, mean the same thing.

Mutual recognition agreements/arrangements

Governments use Mutual recognition agreements/arrangements (MRA) to recognize each other's regulatory testing and certification as valid. Agreements are legally binding while arrangements are not.

MRAs simplify trade by allowing governments to accept the results of certifications by foreign regulators. Such certifications may be related to safety or other issues.

Plurilateral agreements

A plurilateral agreement occurs between a limited number of countries with a particular interest in a specific subject.

World Trade Organization agreements

The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international forum that establishes the rules of international trade and allows members to deal with trade issues. WTO agreements are negotiated and accepted by WTO members to help producers of goods and services, exporters and importers operate effectively in the international trading system.

WTO agreements can be multilateral, applying to all WTO members once in force, or plurilateral, applying to a subset of WTO members which have accepted an agreement on a specific subject.

Other agreement types

Canada uses a wide variety of tools, both legally and non-legally binding, to open foreign markets to Canadian businesses and create more predictable, fair and transparent conditions for Canadian businesses while operating within the foreign market. These agreements and arrangements include air transport agreements, frameworks for economic cooperation and trade, memorandums of understanding, trade and economic cooperation arrangements and trade and investment cooperation arrangements.

Government of Canada activities and initiatives

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A Foreign investment promotion and protection agreement (FIPA) is a bilateral agreement designed to protect and promote foreign investment through legally-binding rights and obligations. With some exceptions to protect sensitive policy areas, FIPAs ensure foreign investors are treated just like domestic and other third-party foreign investors.