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(1) Agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation after they won by allied military forces

(2) Germany would have to pay Soviet Union for loss of life and property during war
(3) Stalin would help Allies in Pacific against Japan (not happened)
(4) Stalin would allow free elections in Eastern Europe (not happened)

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United Nations was formed.
International organization to protect members against aggression. Given the ability to use military power.
(Replaced League of Nations)

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2 of the 3 leaders changed.

Germany, from July 17-August 2, 1945

Stalin was there, but Truman had become President when Roosevelt died in April.

Many things from the Yalta Conference came up, including the occupation of Germany and reparations.

Also discussed was the possible surrender by Japan.

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The Soviet Union received one-third of Germany's ships and industrial equipment.

The German economy was also decentralized, and monopolies were broken up.

At Potsdam, Truman learned of the first successful atom bomb test on July 16.

Truman leaks information that he had something that would resolve conflict, however, he doesn't really say anything.

"Secret" → we can't be certain that the other leaders knew about the bomb.

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3 powers told Japan to stop fighting.

Japan chose to ignore the Potsdam Proclamation and continued fighting.

Stalin didn't really help the way he promised in Yalta → ally with US and convince Japan to stop.

This led to the first atomic bomb used on Hiroshima on August 6 and the second against Nagasaki.

Britain and the US refused to accept the Soviet government in Poland and called for free elections in Romania, Bulgaria, and Hungary, while Stalin demanded that they accept his puppet governments.

They also charged that the Soviet Union had helped establish communist governments in other Eastern European countries which had been freed from German control.

Soviet union, Stalin had arrested the non-communist leaders of Poland.

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The boundary separating the Communist nations of Eastern Europe from the mostly democratic nations of Western Europe

Soviets wanted to protect against attack, so occupied strip of countries along border

Considered a wall of protection

After he occupied countries, Stalin put Communist governments in 7 of those countries (buffer/puppet communist regimes)

Stalin declared that communism and capitalism couldn’t exist together

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Both policies of containment

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financial support to help rebuild countries that rejected communism – gave $400 million to Turkey & Greece

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Massive economic assistance: gave food, machines, materials to Western Europe to show the world democracy was “better”. Reconstruction after WWII

Its goal was the revival of a working economy in the world so as to permit the emergence of political and social conditions in which free institutions can exist

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1. Who? Who was Mao Zedong?
Who was Jiang Jieshi?
Communist leader who defeated the Nationalists and led the People’s Republic of China.
Nationalist leader who set up a new government in Taiwan, calling their land the Republic of China.

2. When? When did the civil war in China resume? When did the civil war end?
1927, then pause, then 1946 to 1949.

3. What? What advantages did Nationalist forces have?
What advantages did Communist forces have?
The Nationalists were protected from the Japanese by mountains. The United States sent the Nationalists large amounts of money and supplies, but corrupt officers took much of it. The Nationalists built a large army, but they only fought a few battles against the Japanese.

Soviets Support. Economy crisis. The Communists won because their troops were well trained in guerrilla war. They also enjoyed the backing of the peasants to whom they had promised land.

4. Where? Where is Nationalist China located? Where is the People’s Republic of China located?
Taiwan
China. Capital: Beijing

5. How? How did the superpowers react to the existence of two Chinas? How did Mao transform the economy of China?
The United States helped the Nationalists create the Republic of China and the Soviets helped Mao Zedong and his government to create the People’s Republic of China.
He took control of the industries of China and launched the "Great Leap Forward"

6. Why? Why did the Great Leap Forward fail? Why did Mao launch the Cultural Revolution?
It failed because the government did not plan effectively so famine killed millions of people. People didn't like the governmental control. It wasn't structured. Because he wanted to revive the revolution, by forming groups called Red Guards.

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Mao set out to rebuild China.

He seized land and gave it to the peasants. But he also forced the peasants—in groups of 200 to 300 households—to join collective farms, or communes.

On these farms, the land belonged to the group.

Mao took control of China’s industries. Under Mao’s plan, production of industrial products went up.

With this success, Mao launched the “Great Leap Forward.“ - He wanted to make the communes larger and more productive.

Goal: increase agriculture and industrial production in China.

The plan failed.

People did not like strong government control.

The government did not plan effectively.

Between 1958 and 1961, famine killed millions.

In 1966, Mao tried to revive the revolution. He encouraged young people to revive the revolution.

The aim of restoring radical Communist values

Students formed groups called Red Guards. This was the beginning of the Cultural Revolution.

The Red Guards struck at teachers, scientists, and artists. They shut down schools and sent intellectuals to the country to work on farms. They killed thousands of people who resisted. China was in chaos. Factories shut down and farm production dropped. Eventually, Mao put an end to the Cultural Revolution.

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Red Guards  Young Chinese students who carried out the Cultural Revolution

Cultural Revolution  Uprising in China between 1966 and 1976 that aimed to establish a society of peasants and workers in which all were equal

Commune  Large farm setup in China in which many families work the land and live together

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1. Compared to other incidents related to the spread of Communism in America's past, How did America deal with this particular situation in Korea?

Monetary intervention vs Military intervention → different

2. What could have happened if the United Nations didn't intervene in the Korean War?

Communism

3. How did the spread of Communism change the foreign and domestic policy of the United States of America?

Policy of containment vs Policy of deterrence → different

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The North, led by the Soviets (communist regime) started the Korean war by crossing the 38th parallel.

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The war took place right after the Second World War, so countries were focused on their own reconstruction and somehow relieved that the war ended, not having too much focus on another war occurring at that period of time.

The Cold War was still at its outset when the Korean War began, so many people still did not have the knowledge of how the US and the Soviets had a complex conflict and after that, much more tension emerged during Cold War, erasing the focus on the Korean War.

The Korean war may have ended, but the conflict is still present until modern time, so I do not think people consider this event as something that solved anything at all.

Vietnam war overshadows korean war.

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The American intervention in the Korean war was positive because the US prevented the Communists from taking entire Korea.

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US leaders wanted to protect US from communism, so they arrested communists or probable communists

Political repression

Falsified documents

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Communist: Spread communist ideals
US: Promote democracy and stop the spread of communism.

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Communists: Mao Zedong, Joseph Stalin, Kim II-sung

US/South Korea: Harry S. Truman, Douglas MacArthur, Syngman Rhee

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Nixon said Kennedy was too young

He affirmed he had the same experience as Nixon since they both had the same time in government

Nixon got way too nervous and started to sweat a lot

John F Kennedy: amazing public speaker

"Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country"

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Government funded institution

Volunteer to help different countries and get very little money

Focus on people and the environment

Bad living conditions

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"wellborn, well-to-do daredevil of 29"

Cuban communist revolutionary

Threat to american president who has deep fear of communism

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When JFK takes presidency he has to deal with cuban revolution

Kennedy wanted the Cubans to overthrow Fidel Castro to get rid of Communist dictatorship

JFK wanted to hide the intervention

Arrived in the Bay of Pigs → trained Cubans to invade

Fidel resisted the invasion and it was not successful

Why Bay of Pigs?

Strategic location

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USSR sends missiles to Cuba as a threat to the US (1962)

JFK decides to invade Cuba but does not invade

JFK orders a blockade of Cuba until the missiles are removed

Quarantine instead of blockade (military action)

The benefit of the quarantine was that it placed responsibility on the Soviet Union for what would happen next

If Soviet ships were ordered to defy the blockade, they would be fired upon

Finally, under orders from Khrushchev, they turned around, and the Soviet leader began negotiations

Negotiations

JFK won't invade Cuba and remove missiles from Turkey

Nikita agrees to not continue support Castro

JFK successful: called the bluff of the USSR and ended Threat on the US → communication skills

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Why was the Bay of Pigs a failure? What were the international and domestic consequences?

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Why was the Bay of Pigs a failure? What were the international and domestic consequences?

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1. It was a failure because of many reasons. Kennedy did not have enough information, the US were depending on trained Cuban (by CIA) and not American, they sent obsolete equipment to Cuba, Fidel Castro already knew about the plan and kept it a secret. Overall, US's military strategy was terrible, they didn't invest enough and cuban exiles were outnumbered.

2. Consequences

1. US

1. Sense of vulnerability of Americans → loss

2. All of a sudden the war is close, not only in Europe

3. President messing up in 100 days

2. World

1. Permanent installation of Communist regime, civilian deaths, rise of communism, connection of Cuba to USSR

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After losing the Bay of Pigs invasion, the US needed to display its strength during the Cold War. Was Kennedy’s decision the right one, or should he have tried to militarily solve the crisis as some have argued? How can the resolution to the crisis be seen as a moment when all the “right people” were in charge at the right time?

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After losing the Bay of Pigs invasion, the US needed to display its strength during the Cold War. Was Kennedy’s decision the right one, or should he have tried to militarily solve the crisis as some have argued? How can the resolution to the crisis be seen as a moment when all the “right people” were in charge at the right time?

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1. It was the right one for many reasons. Americans just lost the Korean war and were outnumbered and very close the Cuba, so it was a big threat to go to war at that moment. Also, if war emerged, it would be chaotic.

2. Negotiations were successful, something that unlikely for the context of the time during Cold War and after the Korean War. It was right after Nikita took over the USSR's leadership.

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One of the most idealized american presidents

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1969

One of the most famous outdoor musical festival in the United States

Seen as a way to both embrace an alternative lifestyle and protest against war and oppression

Happened during the Vietnam war

"Three days of peace and love" → in contrast to hatred and war in Vietnam

Signaled the merger and ambivalence of the counterculture and protest

"Empowered youth"

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On the weekend of August 15, 16 and 17, 1969, over 500,000 people from all over the U.S. traveled to Woodstock, in upstate New York, for what would become the most famous music festival ever....

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U.S.S.R. + U.S. were competing in everything - economy, foreign wars, space exploration

Many animals were sent to space to analyze the effects of space travel on living beings

Russia sent the first dog, Laika, to space in 1957 - The first Monkeynaut was Albert, he traveled for the U.S. in 1948

Space monkeys are also known as Monkeynauts

The use of animals in space exploration greatly helped to increase human knowledge and reduce risks for humans during space trips

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1983 - present

American television show created by Merv Griffin

Game play: Three players and a big wheel determining prices (money). Winner went shopping and win money

Wheel of Fortune was aired in order to show the US as a good country with a lot of opportunity

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During 1963

The Beatlemania was a name given to the massive success of the Beatles

Never seen before

Ed Sullivan show presented the Beatles to the U.S

Mad massive success throughout the world

Crime stopped in the U.S during the Beatles presentation

Was the most successful band of all time

The Beatles Full story