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Charles V armies weren't as good as they thought they would be and took a draw or came out equal in the end. Charles retired in his countries estate in Spain in solitude for 2 years.

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Two major sides were the Catholics and Lutherans

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Charles V- wanted to maintain unity in the empire with the catholic religion
Martin Luther- When Martin died thoughts of compromise diminished

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Germans medieval development had enabled states to become independent of imperial authority and had no desire to have a strong emperor.

Religion was divided

hopes of a peaceful compromise faded in 1546 when Luther died

the ideal medieval christian unity was lost.

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Charles bought a sizable imperial army with the Germans, dutch,and Spanish troops to fight the protestants. This beat the Lutherans in the battle of Muhlburg.

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Eight princes that were all Lutheran formed a defensive alliance known as the schmalkaldic league.

Renewed the threat of the Turks against Vienna