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Definition-The combination of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group of people's distinct tradition.

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Investigating social structures through the use networks and graphs.
Ex: The analysis of the spread of pop culture.
Question: Who made the social analysis theory?

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Definition:  In the United States a city with a population of at least 50,000,  a county within where the city is located and near  counties with a high population and large percentage of of residents working in the cities county
Example:

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definition: An idea spread geographically
Exam

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the continuous development of an area (ex. Plainfield, Illinois has expanded over the few decades)                                          Application: How can you relate globalization with suburban sprawl?

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Definition: A human settlement with high population density; the region surrounding a city.
Example: An area that envelopes a city, consisting of many people, built up by them.
Question:

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when old large homes are rented out to low income families which later are abandoned because of inefficient maintenance

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Culture in a large, heterogeneous society that shares some common characteristics despite varying traits.
People buying Supreme products
Why are people resisting popular culture?
Ethan Haque

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Another name for lower class people.
EX: Many underclass citizens live in the inner city
Question: Why do the underclass cluster in the inner city.

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Definition:A model in rings that grows out of the central business district.
Examples: Downtown Chicago cam be the central business district then goes out from there.
Question: Who invented or discovered the Concentric Zone Model

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Definition: factors that entice people to move from a particular location.
Real life example: war
question: What are the 3 main types if pull factors?
answer: Environmental, economic, and political factors
picture:

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definition: an area that is characterized by how many people live in that city.
example: Chicago
question: what kind of area has high population density? =urban area.

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Definition- a process when banks draw lines on a map and then refuse to give loans to people within those boundaries.
Real Life Example- Hudson City Savings Bank avoided doing mortgage business with African Americans and Latinos between 2009 and 2013

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definition- laws that limit the number of people allowed to immigrate to a country question:why does a quota need to be put in place?

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Quota Act vs Immigration Act by Arnav and George

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Definition: A model that shows the internal structure of a city where social groups are put into rings
Example: Chicago, Illinois
Picture: Question: What are the zones of the Concentric model and why are they placed where they are?
-Angelika

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Definition:  Density change in urban areas that changes from the central node of an area outwards to the peripheral areas
Example:  Chicago residents moving out
Is it a bad or good thing for density rates to increase or decrease?
Melissa Everson

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Definition: the identification with a group of people that all share distinct physical and mental traits resulting from common heredity and cultural traditions.
Example: African American, Hispanic, Asian American, American Indian, Polish American.
Question: What may cause ethnicities to have rivalries?
Video: www.youtube.com/watch?v=3pyodjHjqnA
Picture:

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Definition- large scale emigration by talented people.
Real Life Example- Brain drain has occurred in Russia when high skilled people started moving to the west.
Question- What is the type of  emigration by talented people called?

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definition: spread of an idea through physical movement from one location to another.
Real life Example: Hinduism was spread by relocation diffusion.
what is it called when an idea is spread through physical movement?
relocation diffusion
picture:

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Definition: A cluster in a city where retail and offices are located.
Example:Downtown Chicago where retail and services are clustered.
Question: What are the three types of retail services in the central business district?

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Definition: factor that entices people to move to a particular location.
real life example: job opportunities.
question: What is the biggest type of pull factor?
answer: economic factors
picture:

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Definition: Movement from one location to another.
Real life examples: Hispanics migrating from mexico to America.
Question: What are the two types of migration
Answer: Internal migration, and international migration
Video:

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movement of people towards a certain area where others of the same nationality reside (ex. In recent years, Mexicans have moved to the Midwest to occupy industrial jobs that have not been taken by Americans)            Application: How can chain migration impact the development of a country?

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Definition: Culture primarily practiced by a small, homogeneous, rural group. These groups  usually live in relative isolation from other groups.
Example: Tibetan Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam and Animist are examples of isolated folk culture  scattered along the Himalayan region.
Question: A preserved, isolated culture primarily practiced by homogeneous, rural groups, is called what?

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Forced Migration is a general term for mass movements of refugees fleeing hazardous conditions such as conflict, environmental, natural], chemical,  or nuclear disasters, or development projects.

An example would  be Rohingya from Myanmar fleeing genocide.
What are the short and long-term effects forced Migration can have on an urban settlement?

This is by Jack Drover.

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A satellite image of the Pearl River Delta area in China

A megalopolis () or a supercity, also called a megaregion, is a group of metropolitan areas which are perceived as a continuous urban area through common systems of transport, economy, resources, ecology, and so on. They are integrated enough that coordinating policy is valuable, although the constituent metropolises keep their individual identities. The megalopolis concept has become highly influential as it introduced a new, larger scale thinking about urban patterns and growth.

The term has specific geographic definitions dating from 1832, when its meaning was "a metropolis," that is, "a very large, heavily populated urban complex".

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Jean Gottmann, a professor of political science at the University of Paris and member of the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton, directed "A Study of Megalopolis" for The Twentieth Century Fund, wherein he described a megalopolis as a "world of ideas". Gottmann, in his extensive studies, applied the term megalopolis to an analysis of the urbanized northeastern seaboard of the U.S., in particular from Boston, Massachusetts to Washington, D.C.

Northeast megalopolis (United States) (top) and Taiheiyō Belt (Japan) (bottom)

A megalopolis may also be called a megaregion. "Megalopolis" and other similar terms have been used by different scholars and countries to describe similar spatial forms.

A megalopolis, following the work of Gottmann, refers to two or more roughly adjacent metropolitan areas that, through a commonality of systems-e.g., of transport, economy, resources, and ecologies-experience a blurring of the boundaries between the population centers, such that while some degree of separation may remain, their perception as a continuous urban area is of value, e.g., "to coordinate policy at this expanded scale". Simply put, a megalopolis (or a megaregion) is a clustered network of big cities. Gottmann defined its population as 25 million, while Doxiadis defined a small megalopolis a similar cluster with a population of about 10 million. America 2050, a program of the Regional Plan Association (RPA), lists 11 megaregions in the United States and Canada.

Megaregions of the United States were explored in a July 2005 report by Robert E. Lang and Dawn Dhavale of the Metropolitan Institute at Virginia Tech. A later 2007 article by Lang and Nelson uses 20 "megapolitan" areas grouped into 10 megaregions. The concept is based on the original "Megalopolis model".

Modern interlinked ground transportation corridors, such as rail and highway, often aid in the development of megalopolises. Using these commuter passageways to travel throughout the megalopolis is informally called megaloping, a term coined by Davide Gadren and Stefan Berteau.

In Brazil, the term megarregião has a legal meaning, different from the English word megaregion: mesoregions of Brazil ( mesorregião) and microregions of Brazil ( microrregião).

In China, the official term corresponding to the meaning of "megalopolis" is '' ( chéngshì qún), which, in Chinese, was originally coined by Yao Shimou and literally means "city cluster". A "city cluster" is defined as "[a]n area in which cities are relatively densely distributed in a certain region". In an older standard, the term was mistranslated as " agglomeration". In 2019, National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) published guidelines and made a distinction from a similar concept " metropolitan area" (), which is of a smaller scale than a city cluster. In the latest standard terminologies of both economics and urban planning, is translated as "city cluster", replacing "agglomeration".

Metropolis

Metropolis is a 1927 German expressionist science-fiction drama film directed by Fritz Lang. Written by Thea von Harbou in collaboration with Lang, it stars Gustav Fröhlich, Alfred Abel, Rudolf Klein-Rogge and Brigitte Helm. Erich Pommer produced it in the Babelsberg Studios for Universum Film A.G. (Ufa). The silent film is regarded as a pioneering science-fiction movie, being among the first feature-length movies of that genre. Filming took place over 17 months in 1925-26 at a cost of over five million Reichsmarks.

Judge Dredd

In the Judge Dredd (1977) comic book series and its spinoff series, Mega-City One is a huge fictional megalopolis-size city-state covering much of what is now the Eastern United States and some of Canada. The exact geography of the city depends on which writer and artist has done which story, but from its first appearance it has been associated with New York City's urban sprawl; originally it was presented as a future New York, which was retconned as the centre of a "Mega-City One" in the very next story. The Architects' Journal placed it at No. 1 in their list of "comic book cities".

Sprawl trilogy

In William Gibson's Sprawl trilogy, "the Sprawl" is a colloquial name for the " Boston- Atlanta Metropolitan Axis" (BAMA), an urban sprawl environment on a massive scale, and a fictional extension of the real Northeast megalopolis. The Sprawl is a visualization of a future where virtually the entire East Coast of the United States, from Boston to Atlanta, has melded into a single mass of urban sprawl. It has been enclosed in several geodesic domes and merged into one megacity. The city has become a separate world with its own climate, no real night/day cycle, and an artificial sky that is always grey.

Hagler, Yoav (November 2009). "Defining U.S. Megaregions" (PDF). America 2050 - via RPA.org. This work, while dated, is from Associate Planner Yoav Hagler of America 2050, and while not used as a source in this article, is one of the most focused articles available on the American aspects of the title subject. It includes history, methodology, and statistical and other criteria sections, and identifies the U.S. megaregions as of its publication date.

America 2050 Staff (February 19, 2022). "Megaregions". America 2050. Archived from the original (homepage) on May 16, 2017 - via RPA.org. Starting point for access to articles from the America 2050 effort, while it was active. Note, an earlier cited article by Matt Taylor, on urban transit issues, appears among the works linked at this home page.

1. ^ Fielder, W. & Feeney, Georgiana (1976). Inquiring about Cities. New York, N.Y.: Holt, Rinehart and Winston (Georg Von Holtzbrinck/Holt). pp. 193, 299. ISBN 9780030897849.

2. ^ Hagler, Yoav (November 2009). "Defining U.S. Megaregions" (PDF). America 2050 - via RPA.org. As metropolitan regions continued to expand throughout the second half of the 20th century their boundaries began to blur, creating a new scale of geography now known as the megaregion. Interlocking economic systems, shared natural resources and ecosystems, and common transportation systems link these... The challenge of identifying... emerging regions has been undertaken... The most recent iteration... has been developed by Regional Plan Association (RPA) in partnership with the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Eleven such megaregions have been identified... that would make cooperative integrated planning advantageous... Th[e] tradition of geographers and planners attempting to enhance the value of geographic definitions to meet the needs of new generations continued with the first identification of a scale larger than the metro regions by French geographer Jean Gottmann in his 1961 book Megalopolis. This "Megalopolis" referred specifically to the Northeastern United States ... Regional Plan Association also identified this emerging Northeast Megaregion in the 1960s.

3. ^ "Who's Your City?: What Is a Megaregion?". March 19, 2008. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010.

4. ^ Gottmann, Jean (1989). Since Megalopolis. The Urban Writings of Jean Gottmann. Baltimore and London: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 163.

5. ^ "Cities: Capital for the New Megalopolis". . November 4, 1966. Archived from the original on August 27, 2013.

6. ^ "Beyond Megalopolis: Exploring America's New "Megapolitan" Geography" (PDF). July 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009.

7. ^ Tremble, Sam (May 30, 2007). "Fumbling Toward Portland". Philadelphia City Paper. Archived from the original on July 7, 2009.

8. ^ 许学强 (XU Xueqiang) 周一星 (ZHOU Yixing) 宁越敏(NING Yuemin) (2009). 城市地理学 [Urban Geography] (in Chinese (China)) (第二版 (2nd ed.) ed.). 高等教育出版社. pp. 27-28. ISBN 978-7-04-025539-3.

9. ^ Standard for basic terminology of urban planning (GB/T 50280-98), 1998. "2.0.8 城市群 agglomeration 一定地域内城市分布较为密集的地区。"

10. ^ "国家发展改革委关于培育发展现代化都市圈的指导意见" [Guidelines on the Cultivation and Development of Modern Metropolitan Areas] (in Chinese (China)). National Development and Reform Commission. February 19, 2019.

11. ^ Magid, Annette M. (Summer 2006). "Better than the Book: Fritz Lang's Interpretation of Thea von Harbou's Metropolis" (PDF). Spaces of Utopia. No. 2. Universidade do Porto. pp. 129-149. ISSN 1646-4729.

12. ^ Grant, Barry Keith, ed. (2003). Fritz Lang: Interviews. Conversations with Filmmakers Series. Jackson, Mississippi: University Press of Mississippi. p. 14. ISBN 9781578065776.

13. ^ "Metropolis (1927)" Science Fiction Film History. Retrieved 15 May 2013. Quote: "Although the first science fiction film is generally agreed to be Georges Méliès' A Trip To The Moon (1902), Metropolis (1926) is the first feature length outing of the genre."

14. ^ Hahn, Ronald M. and Jansen, Volker (1998) Die 100 besten Kultfilme [The 100 best cult movies] Munich: Heyne Filmbibliothek. p.396. ISBN 3-453-86073-X (German)

15. ^ Markoff, John (November 25, 1990). "Ideas & Trends; Art Invents A Jarring New World From Technology". The New York Times.

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A megalopolis () or a supercity, also called a megaregion, is a group of metropolitan areas which are perceived as a continuous urban area through common systems of transport, economy, resources, ecology, and so on. They are integrated enough that coordinating policy is valuable, although the constituent metropolises keep their individual identities.

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definition: people who have to leave their home country because of persecution because of their race, religion and other of their beliefs and other things they are abd they dont know where to go

Ex: Syrians are forced to leave because of fighting.

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The identity of a group that came from a common ancestor.
EX: Different skin pigments of people
Question: What is the bias race called.

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definition: When someone permanently moves into a foreign country.
Example: when someone moves from Poland to the U.S permanently.
question: What is it called when someone moves to a new country? = Immigration
p

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Definition: a person who is temporarily aloud to work in another country, usually short term.
real life example: Germany has many guest workers to help rebuild its infrastructure.
question: what is a worker who gets a temporary vis in another country called?
Answer: guest worker
picture:

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Definition: Land purposely placed in a ring shaped  area full of parks,  agricultural area, etc used for the residents. This prevents urban sprawl from going wack.
Real life example: Metronomica, they had spatial regulations placed
Question: What are the disadvantages and advantages of a state having greenbelts?
Melissa Everson

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Definition: A large commercial node of activity on the urban periphery of a large central city.
Real life example: Naperville
picture:
question: What are the stages of development of an edge city?
Answer: 1st stage - edge city originates as a residential area for workers of a central city. 2nd stage -  shopping malls are built near residents. Manufacturing centers and office parks cluster in the edge cities. 3rd stage - specialized nodes emerge in edge cities.

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Definition: The process of improving a district to fit the middle class lifestyle.
Real life example: Cabrini-Green homes
Question: what are the negative aspects on Gentrification?
Answer: It can take homes away  from the lower class residents.

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People leaving their own home and settling  somewhere else permanently.
EX:People moving out of Ukraine
Question: What is one major reason for people emigrating from home

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Definition: An Urbanized area that has difficulty buying affordable, and/or high-quality fresh food.
Real-life Example: Chicago; More than 50,000 residents live in food deserts and an additional 400,000 live an area with an abundance of fast food restaurants and no grocery stores nearby.
Question: What does an urban area turn into when there is no fresh, healthy, high-quality food around, and it is made up of primarily fast-food-joints and restaurants.

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definition-Housing provided by the government and rented to low income residents, their rents are 30% of their income. question: Why is public housing essential to a city?

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Adding land legally to a city.
Example: The city of Chicago expanded from 10 miles in 1837 to 190 square miles in 1900.
Question: What are the rules concerning annexation that vary among states?

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What is ANNEXATION? What does ANNEXATION mean? ANNEXATION meaning, definition & explanation

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A city is a large, highly populated, area.
A real life example is Chicago, St. Louis, etc.
If a city follows rank-size rule and the largest city has one million inhabitants, how many people would live in the 3rd largest city?
Ethan Haque.

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Definition: An area within a LDC's city where people illegally establish settlements on land they do not own
Real life example: Addis Ababa in Ethiopia
Picture: Question: Why are LDC's filled with squatter settlements?
-Angelika Namieta

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Definition: Greek for "great city," meaning large consecutive metropolitan areas so close together they form one continuous urban complex.
Real life example: The southern great lakes between Chicago and Milwaukee on the west, and Pittsburgh on the east.
Picture:
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irODIEBs2Ng
Question: How do megalopolises effect a society?

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laws that limit suburban growth and preserve farmland (ex. In Maryland, government funding goes into already made cities rather than in the suburbs)
Application: How does smart growth help residents in inner-city communities?