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Oxygen is diffused into the lungs and then forced through the walls of the lungs to reach the red blood cells in the veins. The heart continually pumps the oxygen rich blood cells to the rest of the body and the deoxygenated blood back to the lungs where the process will start over.

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Normal functioning valves ensure that blood flows with proper force in the proper direction at the proper time.
In Valvular Heart Disease, the valves become to narrow and hardened to open fully, or are unable to close completely. To compensate for poor pumping action, the heart enlarges and thickens thereby losing elasticity and efficiency. Blood chambers in the heart may clot, increasing the risk of stroke or pulmonary embolism.

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Palpitations, chest pain

Fatigue

Dizziness or fainting (with aortic stenosis)

Fever (with bacterial endocarditis)

Rapid weight gain

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No smoking
"Watch and Wait" policy
Antibiotics/Medications/Therapy
Balloon Dilatation a small balloon is inserted into blood vessel to the valve where it inflates
Valve Surgery repair or replace damaged valves

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Electrocardiogram to measure electrical activity of the heart
Stress Testing a.k.a treadmill tests
Chest X-rays
Echocardiogram to evaluate heart function
Cardiac catheterization measures pressure across the valves

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Refers to many conditions that involve narrowed or blocked blood vessels that can lead to a heart attack, chest pain or stroke.
Symptoms:
1. Chest discomfort
2. Shortness of breath
3. Pain, numbness, weakness in the limbs,
4. Pain in the upper diaphram, neck, and throat
How to prevent it:
1. Control blood pressure
2. Keep cholesterol and triglyceride levels under control
3. Maintain a healthy lifestyle
4. Exercise regularly
5. Limit Alcohol
6. No smoking
7. Manage stress

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Normally occurs in patients over the age of 65.
A minor malfunction of this disease may be called aortic stenosis.
Disease worsens if left untreated