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Poverty in the UK is tackled through a combination of government policies, research, and practical support. The government provides welfare benefits such as Universal Credit and Child benefit to support low-income households, raises income through the National Living Wage, and helps children through free school meals and the pupil premium. Housing support, social to reduce housing and fuel povrty, while job training and employment programmes aim to improve skills and access to work.

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1. what is being done to tackle poverty in the Uk ?

Several organizations in the UK work to tackle poverty through research, policy and practical support. The Joseph Rowntree Foundation researches the causes of poverty and works with the government to suggest ways to reduce it. The Trussell Trust runs food banks across the UK and campaigns to end the need for emergency food. Citizens Advice supports people with benefits, debt and housing problems. Save the Children focuses on reducing child poverty by supporting families and campaigning for better policies. Together, these organizations help people directly while also pushing for long-term change.

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Poverty in the UK is being adressed through research, policy work, and practical support by charities, think tanks, and government-linked organisations.

Research organisations adressing poverty in the UK are

Joseph Rowntree Foundation, Resolution Foundation, Child Poverty Action Group, Institute for Fiscal Studies.

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What is being done to tackle poverty in the UK?

In the UK, poverty is tackled in different ways. The government provides support like Universal Credit, housing help and-of-living payments to help people cover basic needs. Charities such as the Trussell Trust, Shelter and the child Poverty Action Group support people with food, housing and advice. Organisations like the Joseph Rowntree Foundation research poverty and influence government policies . Local council also help through hardship funds, free school meals and support services.

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1. •How has historical migration shaped the current demographic landscape of the UK?

=Historical migration has shaped the UK’s current demographic landscape through successive waves of settlement that layered new populations onto existing ones rather than replacing them. From early Celtic, Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Viking, and Norman migrations that formed the foundations of British society, to smaller medieval and early modern movements such as Jewish and Huguenot refugees, migration has long influenced culture and economy. The expansion of the British Empire and industrialization brought significant Irish migration and global connections, while post–World War II labor shortages led to large-scale migration from the Caribbean, South Asia, and Africa, creating today’s multicultural urban centers. More recent European and global migration has further diversified the population, resulting in a modern UK characterized by ethnic, cultural, and religious diversity shaped by centuries of movement and exchange.

2. •What patterns and trends amongst migration have you found?

=Migration to the UK shows recurring patterns of movement driven by economic demand, political upheaval, and imperial or global connections. Major trends include early settlement through conquest, later migration linked to trade and industry, large post-war labor migration from former colonies, and recent movement shaped by globalization, EU mobility, and conflict. Overall, migration has shifted from small, elite or regional flows to larger, more diverse, and urban-centered populations, with migrants tending to settle where jobs and existing communities are concentrated.

3. •Why do you think these patterns have occurred?/ Why do people migrate?

=people migrate when survival, opportunity, or social ties pull them toward a new place, while danger, poverty, or lack of rights push them away from their homeland.

4. •What factors contribute to the patterns of internal migration within the UK?

=Internal migration within the UK is shaped by a mix of economic, social, and environmental factors. People often move from one region to another in search of better job opportunities, higher wages, or career progression, which draws many to cities like London, Manchester, and Birmingham. Additionally, lifestyle and family considerations, such as proximity to relatives, healthcare, or a preferred environment, affect migration. Seasonal and retirement patterns also play a role, with older adults moving to coastal or quieter areas for quality of life.

5. •How does migration influence cultural diversity in both urban and rural areas?

=Migration influences cultural diversity differently in urban and rural areas. In urban areas, high population density and economic opportunities attract migrants from varied backgrounds, creating multicultural neighborhoods, introducing new languages, cuisines, festivals, and ideas, and fostering innovation and cosmopolitan identities, though sometimes leading to social tensions. In rural areas, migration tends to have a slower, subtler impact, introducing new customs, practices, or skills that gradually enrich local culture, while sometimes challenging traditional ways of life. Overall, migration enhances cultural diversity, with rapid, visible effects in cities and gradual, selective influences in rural communities.

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 Impact of historical migration in current demographic landscape of the UK

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 Impact of historical migration in current demographic landscape of the UK

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Migration has been a key force in shaping the UK’s population and identity, gradually transforming it into a more ethnically and culturally diverse society. Different waves of migration have occurred over time, from movement connected to the British Empire to post–Second World War labor shortages, EU migration, and more recent arrivals linked to global conflict and instability. These changes are most visible in major cities such as London, Birmingham, and Manchester, where migrant communities have become an integral part of everyday life. Patterns of migration show that many migrants are young and tend to settle in urban areas, often close to people who share similar backgrounds. This makes it easier to find work, build social connections, and maintain cultural traditions while adapting to life in a new country. People migrate for many reasons, including better employment opportunities, access to education, joining family members, or seeking safety and security. Migration within the UK also follows recognizable trends, with people moving in response to job prospects, housing affordability, education options, and lifestyle preferences. As a result, some areas grow rapidly while others lose population. Overall, migration has enriched cultural diversity, particularly in cities, while rural areas, though less diverse, are slowly changing as migration continues to shape communities across the UK.

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1. How has historical migration shaped the current demographic landscape of the UK?

Ans: Historical migration has played a key role in creating the UK’s diverse population. Early settlers and invaders influenced the country’s cultural foundations, while links to the British Empire and labour shortages after World War II led to migration from the Caribbean, South Asia, Africa, and Europe. More recent European migration and refugee arrivals have further increased diversity, particularly in cities, making the UK’s population the result of centuries of movement shaped by economic, political, and humanitarian factors.

2. What patterns and trends amongst migration have you found?

Ans: Several key trends can be identified in UK migration. Movement has tended to happen in waves, often triggered by events such as war, economic change, or government policy. Many migrants have come for opportunities. particularly during times of labour shortages. Migrants have also largely settled in urban areas, where jobs and established communities are available. Over time, migration has become more international, expanding beyond Europe to include people from Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe, as well as refugees escaping conflict.

3. Why do you think these patterns have occurred? Why do people migrate?

Ans: These patterns exist because migration is shaped by push and pull factors. People may leave their home countries due to conflict, poverty, persecution, or limited opportunities, while being drawn to the UK by better employment prospects, safety, education, and living conditions. Historical connections, government policies, and globalisation have also influenced where people move. In general, migration happens because individuals are seeking improved living standards and greater security for themselves and their families.

4. What factors contribute to the patterns of internal migration within the UK?

Ans: Internal migration in the UK is influenced by several key factors. People often move for jobs and education, relocating from smaller towns to cities with better opportunities. Housing costs and lifestyle preferences, such as seeking quieter or greener areas, also play a role, along with family or social reasons. Improved transport links make commuting easier, further shaping where people choose to live. These factors together drive the movement of people within the country.

5. How does migration influence cultural diversity in both urban and rural areas?

Ans: Migration has a significant impact on cultural diversity in the UK. In cities, it brings together people from different backgrounds, introducing new languages, religions, foods, and traditions, and contributing to vibrant, multicultural communities. In rural areas, although migration is smaller, it still adds new cultural elements and supports local economies by providing workers in agriculture and services. Overall, migration enhances social life, fosters cultural exchange, and makes both urban and rural areas more diverse.

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How has historical migration shaped the current demographic landscape of the UK?

Migration in the past has had a significant influence on the UK demographic, which is the multicultural society that is presently experienced. Since the Roman times, with the Anglo-Saxons, the Vikings and the Normans, early migrations brought introduction of new languages, culture, and systems of governing. Colonial period and the Industrial Revolution brought together individuals in Ireland, Europe, and British colonies which led to an increase in urbanization and development of the economy. The population diversity was also greatly augmented by the post-World War II migration of the Caribbean, South Asian and more recently Eastern European which helped in making culture, religion, cuisine and labour market more diversified. These generations of migration have resulted in the ethnically and culturally diverse UK with such cities as London, Birmingham and Leicester city demonstrating this complex fabric and defining the society where multiculturalism has been a characteristic trait.

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1) How has historical migration shaped the current demographic landscape of the uk ?

=>Historical migration has played a major role in shaping the UK’s current demographic landscape by bringing people from different parts of the world at different times, each wave leaving a lasting impact on society. Early migrations, such as the Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Vikings, and Normans, shaped the foundations of language, culture, and population structure. Later, during the British Empire, people from colonies like India, the Caribbean, and Africa migrated to the UK, especially after World War II, to help rebuild the country and fill labour shortages. In recent decades, migration from Europe, the Middle East, and other regions has added even more diversity, influenced by globalisation, conflict, and economic opportunities. As a result, the UK today is a multicultural society with a mix of ethnicities, languages, religions, and traditions, especially visible in cities like London, Birmingham, and Manchester, where historical and modern migration patterns are most strongly reflected.

2) What patterns and trends amongst migration have you found ?

=> One clear pattern in migration is that it often increases during times of economic need, such as after World War II when the UK needed workers, and during periods of globalisation when people move for better jobs and education. Another trend is that migration has become more diverse over time, with people coming from many different regions rather than just a few countries. Recently, there has also been more short-term and circular migration, where people move for work or study and may later return home. Overall, migration patterns tend to change in response to economic opportunities, political events, and global crises.

3) Why do you think these patterns  have occurred? Why do people migrate ?

=> These patterns have occurred mainly because people move when they see better opportunities or feel pushed by difficult situations at home. Many migrate for jobs, education, or a better quality of life, while others leave because of war, poverty, or political instability. Changes in the economy, government policies, and global events also influence when and where people move. In simple terms, people migrate to feel safer, improve their lives, and create better futures for themselves and their families.

4)What factors contribute to the patterns of internal migration within the uk ?

=> Internal migration within the UK is mainly shaped by jobs, education, housing, and lifestyle choices. People often move to cities for better work opportunities or to attend university, while others move away from expensive areas to find more affordable housing. Family reasons, retirement, and quality of life also play a role, with many people choosing quieter or greener places. Overall, people move within the UK to find a balance between work, cost of living, and a better way of life.

5) How does migration influence cultural diversity in both urban and rural areas ?

=> Migration increases cultural diversity by bringing new languages, food, traditions, and beliefs into different communities. In urban areas, this diversity is usually stronger because cities attract more migrants for work and study, creating multicultural neighbourhoods. In rural areas, migration happens more slowly, but it can still bring new skills, cultures, and perspectives, helping small communities grow and change. Overall, migration makes both urban and rural areas more culturally rich, just in different ways.

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How has historical migration shaped the current demographic landscape of the UK?

Historical migration has made the UK more ethnically and culturally diverse, especially in major cities.

What patterns and trends amongst migration have you found?

Most migrants move to urban areas, are young, and settle near existing communities.

Why do you think these patterns have occurred? / Why do people migrate?

People migrate for jobs, education, safety, and family reasons.

What factors contribute to the patterns of internal migration within the UK?

Employment opportunities, housing costs, education, and quality of life.

How does migration influence cultural diversity in both urban and rural areas?

Urban areas are highly multicultural, while rural areas are less diverse but gradually changing.

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ACTIVITY 1- CHALLENGE 1

Behaviourism theory that talks about using repetition, reward, and feedback to strengthen learning, provides a deeper meaning to my teaching. It brings clarity to what I do in classroom that I did not realise its theoretical underpinning. Going forward, I will make breaking up tasks more intentional/objective and make conscious effort to put the tasks in as many students' hands as possible and provide them with clear feedback to their responses.

Furthermore, I have always believed in experiential learning but Constructivism theory proves a deeper insight into the meaning of experiential. Now, I understand that experiential does not just mean putting it into practice but also includes, connecting with the past, questioning in the present and exploring for possible application in the future.

For me, the Social Constructivism theory throws light on the need to make the collaborative teaching, I currently practice, more result-oriented. Going forward I would encourage students to articulate the knowledge or solutions they have co-created through their collaborative discussion. That way, the students will walk away with more concrete toolbox.

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Please find posted learning log

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Dear Ravinder,
Just to let you know I have created my padlet will start posting portforlio
Thank you