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Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette for Kids - Kiddle

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Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette ( Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert; 6 September 1757 - 20 May 1834) was a French artistocrat, politician and Liberal thinker. His name is also spelled Lafayette. He believed in Enlightenment, and played an important role both in the American War of Independence and the French Revolution.

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The definition and purpose of the 1774 Coercive (Intolerable) Acts and the cry of "No taxation without representation!"

The Boston Massacre, that occurred on March 5, 1770, in which British soldiers, who were quartered in the city, fired into a rioting mob killing 5 American civilians

The Boston Tea Party that occurred on December 16, 1773 was a direct protest by colonists in Boston against the Tea Tax. Boston patriots, led by the Sons of Libertydressed as Mohawk Indians, raided three British ships, in Boston harbor and dumped 342 containers of tea into the water.

Summary of the Intolerable Acts - British Punishment

The laws, that became known as the Intolerable Acts, were all passed in 1774 as British reprisals to the Boston Tea Party. The summary of the Intolerable acts is as follows:

The first of the Intolerable Acts closed the port of Boston so tightly that the colonists could not bring hay from Charlestown to give to their starving horses

The second of the Intolerable Acts put an end to the constitution of Massachusetts - only one town meeting was permitted a year in Massachusetts, unless approved by the governor. Town officials would no longer be elected, they were to be be appointed by the royal governor. The executive council would no longer be elected, but appointed by the King. The Massachusetts Government Act revoked the colony's 1691 charter

The third of the Intolerable Acts gave the power for all trials in the colony to be sent to Great Britain and heard under a British judge

The fourth of the punishing Intolerable Acts compelled the colonists to feed and shelter the soldiers employed to punish them

A fifth act is also included in the Intolerable Acts of 1774 and relates to Quebec and Ohio. This 'Intolerable Act' was also passed in 1774 and, although it was not directed at punishing the colony of Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party, it was seen as a new model for an authoritarian British colonial administration and another threat to the independence of the colonies

Dates and Names of the Intolerable Acts
The names of the Intolerable Acts and the dates they were passed were as follows:

Follow the above links for full details of each of the Intolerable Acts.

Purpose of the Intolerable Acts
The Purpose of the Intolerable Acts of 1774 were as follows:

The purpose of the Boston Port Act of the Intolerable Acts was to close the port of Boston until the tea that had been destroyed at the Boston Tea Party had been paid for. Only food and firewood were permitted into the port of Boston

The purpose of the Massachusetts Government Act was to effectively suspend the right of self-government in the Massachusetts colony and revoke the colony's 1691 charter

The purpose of the Administration of Justice Act of the Intolerable Acts allowed the Governor to send rebellious colonists for trial in other colonies or in Great Britain

The purpose of the Quartering Act of 1774 of the Intolerable Acts was to extend the provisions of the previous 1765 Quartering Act giving the governor, rather than the assembly, the authority to enforce arrangements to ensure that the colonists supplied billeting for the troops

The 1765 Quartering Act had required colonial governments to absorb the costs associated with quartering British troops which included food, shelter, bedding, cooking utensils, firewood, salt, vinegar, beer or cider and candles.

The purpose of the Quartering Act of 1774 was to avoid a repetition of the defiant actions taken by the New York Provincial Assembly who had at one point refused to comply with the 1765 Quartering Act

The purpose of the Quebec Act of the Intolerable Acts was to:

Extend the Province of Quebec to include territory west to the Mississippi, north to Hudson's Bay territory, and the islands in the mouth of the St. Lawrence

Passed religious reforms that were highly favorable to the Catholic majority in Quebec and allowed Catholics to hold public offices

Denied the right to an elected legislative assembly

Intolerable Acts - Port of Boston in 1774
The Intolerable Acts of 1774 - The Appointment of General Thomas Gage
The Quartering Act and the Massachusetts Government Act of the Intolerable Acts gave the governor of Massachusetts control of the colony, rather than the people. As part of the British attempt to intimidate the residents of Boston, King George III appointed General Thomas Gage , who commanded the British army in North America, as the new military governor of Massachusetts in May 1774. Following the Boston Massacre General Thomas Gage had said that "America is a mere bully, from one end to the other, and the Bostonians by far the greatest bullies." The appointment of General Thomas Gage made it clear to Bostonians that the crown intended to impose martial law, in which a military government suspends civil law.
Intolerable Acts - General Thomas Gage

The Intolerable Acts of 1774 - Miscalculation by the British
The combination of the Intolerable Acts were a bad miscalculation by the British government. Whilst the first four of the Intolerable Acts related to Massachusetts in the New England colonies, the Middle Colonies and the Southern colonies were effected by the Quebec Act. Great Britain had hoped that the harsh actions taken in the Intolerable Acts would isolate the New England radicals in Massachusetts and panic the other colonies into conceding the authority of Parliament over their elected assemblies. They were completely incorrect in their assumptions, their Intolerable Acts had woken the sleeping lion.

The communication network in the colonies operated by the The Intolerable Acts of 1774 - Committees of Correspondence
Committees of Correspondence had been established to warn each other about British actions and future plans, such as the Intolerable Acts, that were detrimental to colonial America. This system enabled the colonies to plan a course of action and colonial resistance. The colonies were able to take a united stand against the British government and the provisions of the Intolerable Acts.

The Colonists Reaction to the Intolerable Acts of 1774
So what was the reaction to the Intolerable Acts?

Letters and handbills were sent the length and breadth of the 13 colonies via the Committees of Correspondence detailing the Intolerable Acts

Newspapers publicised articles about the tyranny of the British rule and the Intolerable Acts

The colonists saw the laws of the Intolerable Acts as a a violation of their constitutional rights and that their colonial charters could be rescinded. They were united in their protests of the Intolerable Acts

The other colonies were in sympathy with Massachusetts. Especially the harsh treatment of Boston in which everyone suffered, not just the handful who participated in the Boston Tea Party

Other colonies began sending relief to the blockaded city of Boston - this was the first step in the unification of the 13 colonies following the Intolerable Acts

The 13 colonies were predominantly Protestant and intolerance towards Catholics was virtually universal in the thirteen colonies - the Quebec Act was decried a papist law and a hostile act towards America

American colonists had been barred from the Ohio territory by the Proclamation of 1763, but they hoped eventually to be allowed to move there. The colonists strongly protested that Quebec Act limited opportunities for the American colonies to expand on their western frontiers

The First Continental Congress was convened in Philadelphia on September 5, 1774, to coordinate a colonial response to the Intolerable Acts.

The Intolerable Acts of 1774 led to the First Continental Congress on October 14, 1774. The Continental Congress issued the Declaration of Rights in response to the Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament. The Declaration of Rights outlined colonial objections to the Intolerable Acts, listed a colonial bill of rights details of grievances. It was similar to the 1765 Declaration of Rights and Grievances, passed by the Stamp Act Congress ten years earlier. The First Continental Congress imposed a boycott of British trade ( Intolerable Acts of 1774
Continental Association) until their grievances were resolved and the Intolerable Acts were repealed.

The Original Text of the Intolerable Acts
Read the text of the Intolerable Acts to appreciate the tone of the British laws:

Intolerable Acts

1774 Intolerable Acts - Meaning and Definition of the Intolerable Acts

History of the Intolerable Acts of 1774

Fast Facts and info about Intolerable Acts timeline

The Intolerable Acts article is a great history resource for kids

Social Studies Homework help for kids on the Intolerable Acts of 1774

1774 Intolerable Acts

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The definition and purpose of the 1774 Coercive (Intolerable) Acts and the cry of "No taxation without representation!" The Boston Massacre, that occurred on March 5, 1770, in which British soldiers, who were quartered in the city, fired into a rioting mob killing 5 American civilians The Boston Tea Party that occurred on December 16, 1773 was a direct protest by colonists in Boston against the Tea Tax.

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After the Tea Party, Parliament passed four punishing acts in 1774. The first law closed Boston Harbor until the colonists paid for the ruined tea. The second law placed Massachusetts under military rule. The third law protected British officials who were accused of crimes in the colonies. The fourth law said that British soldiers could be housed in colonists' homes. Another law passed in 1774 gave an area of land west of the 13 colonies to Quebec. The colonists called these laws intolerable (unbearable) and coercive (forceful).

The British thought that the strict new laws would bring the colonies under control. Instead, the colonies decided to work together against the British government. They set up the Continental Congress, which issued the Declaration of Independence in 1776.

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The Intolerable Acts (also called the Coercive Acts) were harsh laws passed by the British Parliament in 1774. They were meant to punish the American colonists for the Boston...

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Alexander Hamilton was one of the youngest and brightest of the founders of the United States. He was the first secretary of the treasury. He worked to create a strong U.S. government.

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Alexander Hamilton (born January 11, year unknown - probably 1755 or 1757-died July 12, 1804) was a statesman, a political theorist and economist who was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. He was the United States' first Secretary of the Treasury, and was known for the creation of a national bank.

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colonial williamsburg family vacation packages

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John Henry, who had attended King's College, University of Aberdeen, educated young Patrick at home, including teaching him to read Latin, but Patrick studied law on his own. In 1760, he appeared in Williamsburg to take his attorney's examination before Robert Carter Nicholas, Edmund Pendleton, John and Peyton Randolph, and George Wythe, and from that day forward, Patrick Henry's story is inseparable from the stream of Virginia history.

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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A Series of Events: The Boston Tea Party | Worksheet | Education.com

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A famous "tea party" took place on December 16, 1773, and it was not one that had tea cups and sweet treats. Use this worksheet on the Boston Tea Party to have your students practice relationship between a series of events.

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DK Find Out! | Fun Facts for Kids on Animals, Earth, History and more!

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Visit DK Find Out! to learn about dinosaurs, space, animals, nature & more. Fun learning activities for kids with videos, quizzes & galleries at DKFindOut.com

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Click here for a list of facts which includes all the important information you need to know about Benjamin Franklin.

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Thomas Paine (29 January 1737 - 8 June 1809) was an English pamphleteer, revolutionary, inventor, and intellectual. He lived and worked in Britain until he was 37, when he emigrated to the British American colonies during American Revolution. His main contribution was the powerful, widely-read pamphlet Common Sense (1776).

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John Paul Jones was a Revolutionary War hero known as the father of the U.S. Navy. Born in Scotland in 1747, Jones came to America as a merchant sailor. When the American Revolution broke out, Jones sided with the colonists and joined the Continental Navy, with his greatest victory coming from his against-all-odds defeat of the British warship Serapis in 1779. After the Continental Navy disbanded, Jones found his way to Paris where he died in 1792. Over one hundred years later, his remains were brought back to the United States where he was laid to rest at the U.S. Naval Academy Chapel in Annapolis, Maryland.

John Paul Jones: Early Years

John Paul Jones was born under the simple birth name of John Paul on July 6, 1747, in a small cottage in Arbigland, Scotland. While his father, John Paul Sr., worked as a gardener, Jones found his calling at sea, earning an apprenticeship with the British Merchant Marine at the age of 13.

His seafaring adventures would eventually take him to America and, like many other sailors before him, Jones got involved in the slave trade. However, the realities of human trafficking repulsed him, and he returned to shipping cargo duties.

In 1773 Jones was caught in a very difficult situation: he murdered a mutinous sailor on the island of Tobago in self-defense. Because Jones believed he wouldn't receive a fair trial, he fled to America. It was there he added the last name "Jones" to conceal his identity.

Luckily for Jones, the American colonies were too busy stoking the flames of war with the British to have noticed his past. In 1775 the American Revolution broke out, and Jones - who could easily recall Britain's cruel treatment of the Scots - sided with the colonists and joined the new Continental Navy.

With great skill and temerity, Jones began attacking British ships off the American coastline and expanded his operations from there. He captained the USS Providence, sailing to Nova Scotia and capturing British vessels.

Soon after, he took command of Ranger and set course to France, where his vessel was saluted by the French Admiral La Motte Piquet - the first American vessel ever to be recognized by a foreign power.

'I have not yet begun to fight!'

In 1779 Jones would go down in history as one of the greatest naval commanders of the Revolutionary War. En route to raid British shipping, Jones' warship, Bon Homme Richard (named after Benjamin Franklin), came head to head with the more powerful English warship HMS Serapis off the North Sea.

After three hours of relentless gunfire between the two vessels, Jones slammed Bon Homme into Serapis, strategically tying them together. Legend has it that when the British asked if Jones was ready to surrender, he famously responded: "I have not yet begun to fight!"

After one of Jones' naval officers tossed a grenade onto Serapis, causing severe damage, it was the British who ultimately surrendered. Jones' surprise victory against the better-equipped British naval ship had turned him into an international hero.

After the war ended, the Continental Navy dissolved due to lack of funds.

Jones set off for new adventures, briefly battling the Turks on behalf of Russia before temporarily settling in Paris as he made plans to return to America.

John Paul Jones: Death

While in Paris, Jones' health took a turn for the worse. On July 18, 1792, he was found dead in his apartment at the age of 45. He was laid to rest in a French cemetery, but the plot of land was later sold and forgotten.

Over one hundred years would pass before the United States was able to recover Jones' remains with the help of French officials. After much research, his body was located and exhumed, and to the surprise of French pathologists, Jones' body was excellently preserved.

His initial autopsy concluded that the cause of his death was kidney failure, with later clinical studies believing his condition was exacerbated by a heart arrhythmia.

The United States received Jones' remains and buried them in a tomb inside the chapel of the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis, Maryland.

USS John Paul Jones

Commissioned in 1991, the USS John Paul Jones (DDG-53) is the latest destroyer named in honor of Jones. Three previous battleships also were named after him.

Sources

John Paul Jones. National Park Service.

"On This Day in 1792: U.S. Navy Founder John Paul Jones Dies." The Scotsman.

"John Paul Jones: A Founder of the U.S. Navy." Navy.mil.

John Paul Jones. U.S. Naval Academy.

"The Death of John Paul Jones and Resurrection as 'Father of the U.S. Navy.'" National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

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John Paul Jones was a Revolutionary War hero known as the father of the U.S. Navy. Born in Scotland in 1747, Jones came to America as a merchant sailor. When the American Revolution broke out, Jones sided with the colonists and joined the Continental Navy, with his greatest victory coming from his against-all-odds defeat of the British warship Serapis in 1779.

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BrainPOP: Causes of the American Revolution 

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BrainPOP: Causes of the American Revolution 

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Educational Videos for Students (Cartoons on Bullying, Leadership & More)

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Watch a Mini-Biography on Samuel Adams(United States Founding Father) sharing history!

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In 1760, Otis received a prestigious appointment as Advocate General of the Admiralty Court. He promptly resigned, however, when expected to argue in favor of the "writs of assistance." These writs would enable British authorities to enter any colonist's home with no advance notice, no probable cause, and no reason given.

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From Black History Month to Thanksgiving, special events throughout the school year present a number of learning opportunities for students of all ages. Explain the background behind historical events by introducing students to relevant cultures and languages. When teaching the French Revolution, French language worksheets connect students with French culture, just as Spanish provides a deeper connection with the missions of New Spain.

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From Black History Month to Thanksgiving, special events throughout the school year present a number of learning opportunities for students of all ages. Explain the background behind historical events by introducing students to relevant cultures and languages. When teaching the French Revolution, French language worksheets connect students with French culture, just as Spanish provides a deeper connection with the missions of New Spain.

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The definition and purpose of the 1773 Tea Act and the cry of "No taxation without representation!"

The Tea Act imposed no new taxes

It gave a tea monopoly in the American colonies to the British East India Company

The Tea Act allowed the East India company to sell its large tea surplus below the prices charged by colonial competitors

Map of the Thirteen Colonies

The Tea Act of 1773
Of all the Townshend duties (taxes) only the import tax on tea was left. Not surprisingly, the American colonists continued to boycott tea. As a result of the boycotts, the East India Company had literally tons of tea in its London warehouses and was on the verge of bankruptcy. By 1772 the East India Company had 18 million pounds of unsold tea in warehouses and 1.3 million pounds of debt.

Tea Act of 1773 - The East India Company
The East India Company was an early English joint-stock company of investors that was formed initially for pursuing the spice trade with the East Indies including India, Pakistan and other countries in South east Asia. But it was the trade in tea with China that was the most viable in the 18th century. Tea accounted for more than 60% of the Company's total trade in the late 1700's. Customs duty on tea was providing 10% of the British government's annual revenues.

The Provisions of the Tea Act of 1773
The provisions of the Tea Act of 1773 were as follows:

The new provisions in the Tea Act allowed tea to be shipped in East India Company ships directly from China to the American colonies, thus avoiding the tax on goods first sent to England, as required by previous legislation

The Tea Act also made the provision for a duty (tax) of 3 pence per pound to be collected on tea delivered to America

This new import tax of 3 pence was considerably less than the previous one in which 12 pence (1 shilling) per pound on tea sent via Britain

The American colonists would therefore get their tea cheaper than the people of Britain

The tea was to be marketed in America by special consignees (receivers of shipments) who were to be selected by the East India Company

The tea consignees were to be based in four centers in the colonies:

Boston

New York

Philadelphia

Charleston

Effect of the Tea Act of 1773 on the Colonists
The effect of the Tea Act on the American colonists would be as follows:

Merchants who had been acting as the middlemen in legally importing tea stood to lose their business to the the East India Company agents

Merchants dealing with the illegal Dutch tea trade would be undercut by the Company's lowered prices and also stood to lose their business

The Tea Act directly impacted shop keepers who would only be allowed to purchase tea from merchants selected by the East India Company and their monopoly

Only ships owned by the East India Company could carry tea, the American ships engaging in the tea trade would be redundant

Favoritism - Consignees who were to receive the tea and arrange for its local resale were generally favorites of the local governor. The Governor of Massachusetts, Thomas Hutchinson, was a part-owner of the business hired by the East India Company to receive tea shipped to Boston. He was disliked by the Boston patriots with whom he had clashed during the Boston Massacre of 1770

Reaction of the Colonists to the Tea Act of 1773
The reaction of the American colonists to the Tea Act came as a shock to the British. Buying the tea would mean that the colonists had accepted paying the British import tax. The American colonists had not forgotten their outrage at the Stamp Act of 1765 and the efforts made to gain the political victory in having the hated act repealed.

Since the Colonies were not represented in Parliament, they saw the Tea Act as unconstitutional

Their cry of "No taxation without representation!" had not been forgotten.

The seeds of revolution had been sewn in the minds of many of the American colonists. The , and the Daughters of Liberty, had experienced a relatively calm period since the repeal of the Stamp Act and the Sons of Liberty Boston Massacre of 1770. The Tea Act stirred up all of the old feelings of resentment towards the British

Tea Act of 1773 - Action by the Colonists
The American colonists in the ports of Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Charleston had time to consider the implications and impact of the Tea Act before the ships laden with tea arrived in their harbors. They had time to plan their responses and what action they could take against the Tea Act:

The press became more active in its political discussions

Circulars and handbills were printed and distributed

The Sons of Liberty organised public demonstration against the British government

Public meetings were held - everyone got to hear about the Tea Act resulting in strong Anti-British attitudes

Americans decided they would continue to boycott tea from the British

A public meeting was held in Philadelphia and there was agreement that anyone who aided in "unloading, receiving, or vending" the tea was an enemy to his country

The colonists agreed that the Consignees, who were supposed to receive the tea, should "resign their appointment"

The Sons of Liberty reorganized and owners and occupants of stores were warned against harboring the tea, and all who bought, sold or handled it, were threatened as enemies to the country

Colonists resolved to prevent the landing and sale of the teas - they wanted the tea to be sent back to England

The scene was set for confrontations when the ships laden with tea arrived at the ports of Boston, New York, Philadelphia and Charleston. The scene was set for the Boston Tea Party...
The Tea Act led to the Boston Tea Party
Tea Act

Meaning and Definition of the Tea Act

History of the Tea Act of 1773

Fast Facts and info about Tea Act timeline

The Tea Act article is a great history resource for kids

Social Studies Homework help for kids on the Tea Act of 1773

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The definition and purpose of the 1773 Tea Act and the cry of "No taxation without representation!"

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10 fascinating facts about John Hancock - National Constitution Center

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John Hancock and his signature are two of the best-known elements related to the Declaration of Independence. But how much do you know about the former president of the Continental Congress?

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Martha Washington often recalled the two saddest days of her life. The first was December 14, 1799 when?

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In 1789, George Washington became the first president of the United States.