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Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on July 4th, 1804
Both him and his ancestors had been born and raised in Salem, Massachusetts.
It was during his childhood during which he gained his passion for writing. While as a child with a leg injury, which left him immobile for many months, He began to dive into the world of reading, and suddenly became his passion.
His wealthy uncles had been able to afford getting him through University, specifically Bowdoin College, despite his unliking of studying.
However, after graduating, He bounced around quite a bit. He initially went back to Salem for work, then to Concord to begin to settle, and once that became undoable, Back to Salem. This led him towards to step towards writing his hit piece, The Scarlet Letter.

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Sin
A theme very clearly shown within the book is a theme of sin, As one of our main characters Heather is forced a Mark of Sin. Despite it being merely symbolic, It has such an impacting effect on her, and it reflects the dense meaning that sin had back in these kind of days. Past this reflection of the time it was written, Being marked a sinner had such a effect on Hester. Plus, there's an effect on unfair justice, as Heather is shown to be not all to bad, as other characters begin to develop more sinful characteristics.
Puritanism
There's a clear way how the Puritans in the book's society are like; Powerful, Unforgiving, and Punishing. They take violation of their religious laws as means for serious punishment, even death. A theme of authoritarianism can be seen with their strict mindset, and how they treat Heather for her sins.

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One of the clear examples of Symbolism within the Scarlet letter is just that, The scarlet letter embroidered onto Hester's chest. This clearly symbolizes her sin, and how she is unable to remove herself of such sin.
Moreover, however, Pearl is a great symbol towards Hester. To elaborate, she's a manifestation of her sins, Of what she's done and what has been resulted due to it. Pearl's mere existence mocks her in a way, Constantly reminding her of her adultery and sins, yet unable to do anything of it as she is her child.

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During this 17th Century, The Massachusetts Bay Colony had been settled by the, You guessed it, Massachusetts Bay Company. They had very religious beliefs, and had a personal mission to turn all the Native Americans to Christianity.
As they moved around to find a proper place of living, They finally came upon a righteous area to settle within Charleston. They slowly began to get more and more wealthy, and also increased in population. Eventually, The Puritans decides to Migrate from their original settlement, and moves out to create their own towns and settlements, Salem being one of them.
The colonies began growing and developing with the richer and higher in population they got. It wasn't all good however; Once their religion had started to be attacked by outside forces, or so they felt like it, Salem witch trials began. It was a time of panicked defense.
It was overall a time of Prosperity, with Threat to livelihood being a not too often but seemingly drastic problem to fix.

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Works Cited

“An Analysis of Symbolism in The Scarlet Letter.” Bright Hub Education, 19 Feb. 2016, www.brighthubeducation.com/homework-help-literature/42055-symbolism-in-the-scarlet-letter/.

“History of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.” History of Massachusetts, 13 Aug. 2018, historyofmassachusetts.org/history-of-the-massachusetts-bay-colony/.

LitCharts. “The Scarlet Letter Themes.” LitCharts, www.litcharts.com/lit/the-scarlet-letter/themes.

“Nathaniel Hawthorne.” Biography.com, A&E Networks Television, 8 Mar. 2018, www.biography.com/people/nathaniel-hawthorne-9331923.