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About the directory

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, and is committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.

DOAJ is committed to keeping its services free of charge, including being indexed, and its data freely available.

→ About DOAJ

→ How to apply

DOAJ is twenty years old in 2023.

Fund our 20th anniversary campaign

Funding

DOAJ is independent. All support is via donations.

Support DOAJ

Publishers don't need to donate to be part of DOAJ.

Librarianship, Scholarly Publishing, Data Management
Fei Yu

Brisbane, Australia (Chinese, English)

Lut Tamam

Adana, Türkiye (Turkish, English)

Humanities, Social Sciences
Natalia Pamuła-Cieślak

Toruń, Poland (Polish, English)

Research Evaluation
Paola Galimberti

Milan, Italy (Italian, German, English)

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Directory of Open Access Journals - DOAJ

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DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.

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Wolfram MathWorld: The Web’s Most Extensive Mathematics Resource

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Comprehensive encyclopedia of mathematics with 13,000 detailed entries. Continually updated, extensively illustrated, and with interactive examples.

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Free access to journals

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EconBiz is a service of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics. We support you with your search for scholarly information.

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Teacher of IBDP Economics and Business Management. See more of my resources at www.mrmkelly.com This channel pulls together various different resources and interests of mine. Check out the playlists to explore the world of economics, politics, business, and history. As well as tips for revision strategies, study guidance and more.

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Browse Scientific American’s archives going back to 1845

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These resources relate to all areas of the global politics course and will help you to develop an understanding of the building blocks of the course and see how they all fit together.

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Bibliography organizer

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ZoteroBib: Fast, free bibliography generator - MLA, APA, Chicago, Harvard citations

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Free, accurate citation and bibliography maker for APA, Chicago, Harvard, MLA, and 10,000 other styles. No ads, no downloads, no account required.

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Share your videos with friends, family, and the world

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Tap to drop a raindrop anywhere in the world and watch where it ends up

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Watch the path of a raindrop from anywhere in the world

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An official website of the United States government

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The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) is a database that lists around 12,000 open access journals covering all areas of science, technology, medicine, social science, and the humanities.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
About the directory

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, and is committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.

DOAJ is committed to keeping its services free of charge, including being indexed, and its data freely available.

→ About DOAJ

→ How to apply

DOAJ is twenty years old in 2023.

Fund our 20th anniversary campaign

Funding

DOAJ is independent. All support is via donations.

Support DOAJ

Publishers don't need to donate to be part of DOAJ.

Librarianship, Scholarly Publishing, Data Management
Fei Yu

Brisbane, Australia (Chinese, English)

Lut Tamam

Adana, Türkiye (Turkish, English)

Humanities, Social Sciences
Natalia Pamuła-Cieślak

Toruń, Poland (Polish, English)

Research Evaluation
Paola Galimberti

Milan, Italy (Italian, German, English)

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Directory of Open Access Journals - DOAJ

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.

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You can access the full texts of about 60% of the indexed documents for free (Open Access).

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More than 340 mio. scientific documents from more than 11.000 content providers. BASE is one of the world's most voluminous search engines for academic web resources.

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STANDARD LEVEL Topic 1 Human factors + ergonomics

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TOK 2022: THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE WEBSITE FOR THE IBDP

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​ Apart from this home page, you can scroll down the menu bars above: Themes, Areas of Knowledge and Assessment. Each landing page has several sub pages, so be sure to check them all. Each page contains hyperlinks, embedded documents, videos and PowerPoints. Some of the documents should be downloaded for optimal viewing. Within the new specification, there is a Core Theme (Knowers and Knowledge), which is compulsory. Teachers should also choose two themes from the list of optional themes. You will also cover all the Areas of Knowledge. The themes (both core and optional) are primarily assessed through the (new) TOK exhibition. The Areas of Knowledge will primarily be assessed through the essay. For the essay, you will get a choice between a set of prescribed (knowledge) questions related to the Areas of Knowledge. Notice for TOK teachers:
If you are getting started with the TOK 2022 course, check out these 5 top tips for TOK teachers. On this page, you will find more information about course design, assessment, integrating TOK across the curriculum, recommended course books and My IB.
, you are very welcome to use ideas and materials from this website to write your TOK essay and plan your TOK exhibition. However, it is important that you Dear students reference correctly when you submit your final assessed essay and/or exhibition.
Dear teachers, you can use my resources, lesson ideas and PowerPoints freely in your lessons. However, you cannot sell any resources from this website or pass them on as your own creation (copyright regulations).

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TOK 2022: Free theory of knowledge website

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Free TOK website for students and teachers of the IB DP. Contains a wealth of lesson materials as well as top tips for the assessments of the new 2022 theory of knowledge specification.

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Prescribed reading list/Liste de lectures/Lista prescrita de lectura

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Move Text
"Dear Christos, I appreciate you for developing a helpful material for the use of IB Math teachers community. Thank you." "Hello Christos, Just to let you know that I am impressed by your website. Thanks for sharing it with us (IB community). Nice notes, great tips! Will be following you for sure, especially with the new changes to the curriculum." "Hey, Greetings from Japan! I am a relatively new IB teacher. I have taught math SL for a full year now and math HL for 6 months. I am really thankful for your website" "Dear Dr Christos Nikolaidis, Thank you so much for sharing your site and notes with us! They are very useful information for revision. Thank you for your generosity! May God bless you and your family for your kindness!" "Greetings! Thank you for clear notes that support this maths HL option. They have been a support to my own lessons." "Hi, I am an ex-IB student. I am really grateful to you because I found your resources very helpful" "Hi Christos, I want to thank you for all this wonderful material you have shared. It is amazing and I am truly grateful. I just want to know if it is ok for me to share this with my students to prepare for their IB exam in 25 days. You are an amazing person and I a totally grateful for your time and effort you have put into this " "Hi Chris, I am a high school math teacher at an American school in Kuwait. I am going to be teaching an IB-SL class first time ever next year. As I was searching for good IB math resources online, I came across your website. This is serious stuff. You seem to have really put in a lot of effort. Thanks very much for being so generous to have all this material available for everyone." "Hello Christos, I am an IB Math HL teacher from India. I have been using your worksheets for most of the topics. I often recommend my students to use your notes for revision." "Thank you so much for designing a user-friendly website site and wonderful worksheets. It is after a long time I have come across good stuff. Very thoughtful to design and upload test in doc form. It gives me an opportunity to customize the test." "Dear Christos, congratulations on your site!!! It is very well organized and usefull for both teachers and students! I will teach Math HL in Genoa from September: I downloaded your suggested plan. Thank you for your time and for your site again! "Hi Christos, My name is P... R... and I am an IB mathematics teacher at the Zurich International School. I've thoroughly enjoyed your materials and tests" "I just wanted to say thank you! My high school just became an IB school last year and I am teaching IB Math SL for the first time. I came across your website about a month into my school year last year and it has been life saving for me. I have been able to pace myself, plan better, and use your tests as guidelines. I was nervous that they were changing the course, but when I saw that you were adjusting, I was able to relax. Thank you for being the teacher that I go to for IB help! Thanks a lot! You are great! :) "Hi, Mr.Nikolaidis, I just want to tell you that I use your Math HL exercise to teach my student. So, I would like to thank you!! "Hi, I am a math teacher, I have been teaching AP and A Levels in the last 10 years, this is my first year teaching IB (SL level). I just want to thank you because you have no idea how much you are helping me and my students with the lecture notes and exercises that you're posting." "Hi Christos, just to say I am an IB teacher in Brighton, England and me and my students absolutely love your site. Thank you so much for providing this amazing resource. It's so incredibly useful" "Hi Christos, What you have created is as beautiful as Maths itself. I refer and use your material to teach my students." "Hi! I'm an IB Coordinator & Science Educator from the United States. Thank you so much for your fantastic website!" "Dear Christos, I have found your amasing website. Thank you. "I am also an IB math teacher. I absolutely love your website and vast resources available, thanks for sharing it. "Christos, Hi. You are very accomplished in mathematics. Thank you very much for your website content - it has been very helpful. You have obviously put in many days/months of work into preparing your notes and examples. I have suggested your web site to my students to consolidate their understanding of the topics" "My exams are currently coming up, and I just want to thank you for all the resources that you have provided. They have helped me immensely." "Buen día Christos, saludos desde Perú, felicitarle por su pagina web muy interesante y útil para el trabajo pedagógico y la preparación de los estudiantes para los exámenes del IB." "Hello, I'm an IB student who is preparing for the upcoming Math HL exams. I just found your website and I just want to let you know that I really appreciate your work. Your lecture notes are amazing and it helped me so much. I am struggling so much especially with the optional calculus part and your notes really helped me to understand better. Thank you so much!!!!" "Hi Christos, I stumbled across your extensive resources at the start of this academic year when a departing teacher forwarded on your wonderful notes. Thanks for all your hard work!" "Thanks for these resources.... an outstanding addition to what I already do in the class..." "Hi Christos, I want to ask your permission for using your work (practice problems, etc) for my lesson activities" "Hello Christos, I would like to let you know that I appreciate every bit of information you shared in this website. Thank you so much for your immediate response and may the Lord bless you even more." "A heartfelt gratitude for creating these wonderful resources and sharing with us. I have been using your tests and exercises in my class for last one and half month and they are extremely helpful. I have shared your lecture notes with my students and they appreciated your hard work a lot." "Congratulations for such incredible work. I was a bit lost on coming up with a plan for MAA and your ideas were just a perfect fit. I attended an IB training last June and networking with some teachers. Our plan is a bit different but your ideas were just brilliant. Thank you for such a helpful and well-organized website." "I am a follower of your site and truly inspired by your sharing skills" "Thank you for the great resources! " "Hello Christos, Two teachers recommended your site. And I am glad they did, a high quality collection of material. Would you mind if I recommend your site in my workshops?" "Apres plusieurs années d enseignement des maths dans les lycees et collèges d Afrique je veux passer au système IB. Je vous remercie de ce que vous offrez sur votre site car pour le moment j ai aucun livre du programme, ni du PEI ni du PDD. Toute aide est bonne à prendre." "Hello Christos, Thank u for such wonderful arrangement of topics. These documents has really been a blessing." "Dear Mr Nikolaidis, I am a Math HL (old Syllabus) student, and I love using your lecture notes and exercises to study. They have been very helpful over the last year and a half. I can't thank you enough for putting them online." "Thank you for graciously sharing your intellectual property with everyone. I am co-teaching IB1 AI and knowing my colleagues, they too will be kind enough to reciprocate." "Thanks for offering a time-calculator on https://www.christosnikolaidis.com/en/time-calculator/" "Hi Christos, You are such a wonderful human being. I came across your math here. I can not believe it. You have made my work so easy. I can not thank you enough. You are so helpful. Thank you" "Hi Christos, I cannot begin to describe how much of a help your notes, exercises and tests and all the content that you have been posting has been to me. I am truly thankful for that." "Thank you so much for your phenomenal resource" "Hi, I wanted to thank you for uploading all of these tests here for free!" "Hi, I graduated IB in November 2019, in India. I increased my score to a 7 in Mathematics HL from a 5 and I would like to thank you for all the help your worksheets and tests have given me!" "Hi Christos, I am a teacher that is going to teach an IB MAA SL course this upcoming year for the first time, and found your site mentioned on an online thread. I just wanted to say thank you for making these documents public: it's awesome stuff." "Hi Sir, I am teaching DP math in my school for the first time, I was so clueless of what is the syllabus for SL and HL and I have combined class. Somehow I found your website through IB and after looking into it, I was so relieved and your content in the website is amazing." "Dear Mr Nikolaidis, I just wanted to thank you for all your wonderful material that you freely upload. I have been teaching for a while, but this is only my 2nd year in IB and I have found your notes incredibly useful! Thank you so very much!" "Hi Christos, Great job on the website. I love what you have to say about the unit plans. I think the unit plans are based on understanding by design, I do actually think that writing these unit plans is a useful exercise for inexperienced teacher who needs guidance on how to teach material for the first time. If the unit plans were that fundamental to teaching then we would have been provided with completed plans by the IB. Best regards, N... B..., Head of the Mathematics Department ..." "GOD BLESS YOU RICHLY ON BEHALF OF MY ENTIRE CLASS!" "What a wonderfull resources you made for students. Thanks for these resources." "Hello Christos, It a pleasure visiting your website which has a wealth of wonderful resources. I just started teaching the IB Maths A & I this semester and will continue to use this website." "Hey there, I have found your online resource for MATH AA HL and I think it is absolutely phenomenal and very very helpfull. I used your resource for a couple of my school tests and scored much higher than all my previous tests." "Hi I am a student in Shanghai, China. Currently studying in IB MATH HL Y1. I found your website in my DP Year 1 and it has been wonderful for my study. I really value your work." "Thank you for your work on the IB curriculum. I have used it for two years now with my students here in Gilbert, Arizona in the United States. Your work is thorough and well thought out." "Hi Christos, I am a British teacher teaching HL MAA in an International school in Brunei. Your website has been INVALUABLE - I can't thank you enough." "Dear Mr Nikolaidis, I take AA HL and have recently found your website which has greatly helped me to improve my math grades and enhance my understanding of so many topics. I'd just like to express my gratitude for the time and effort you've put into these resources, thank you so so much!" "Hi Mr. Nikolaidis! Thank you so much for your amazing lecture notes. They are extremely helpful. You make Math so much more fun and interesting. All the tests and exercises you have posted are very specific to the topics. Thank you so much for being so generous. I REALLY APPRECIATE IT SIR!" "Hi Chris, I live in Vancouver and work at ... School. I am going to teach Math Applications and Analysis HL or SL/HL for the first time as my school is offering this course for the first time starting in September 2021. I was hoping if I could use your notes and also if I could get some advise as well. I am also wondering if there are blank notes available that I could use for my students in the first year." "Hi, Christos, Thanks for making this website! We found it very useful as it is very difficult to find materials for the new AA & AI syllabuses, we hope that you can make more HL AI materials as these are extremely rare." "Hello sir, This is A... from India. I am new to IB curriculum. Thank you so much. The notes was really useful for me." "Hello there, I am R... M... and I hope you're doing well! I am a Math AI SL student. This website has helped me a lot in clearing my doubts while practicing a good number of questions from each topic. Thank you" "Good morning, I wanted to send my sincere thank you for the resources you have provided on this website. I have been an IB Math SL teacher for over 10 years now. I've worked through 2 curriculum reviews while also aligning with my provincial standards. This is our last year offering IB courses at our school, and with this being the first year of new exams, I have found your organized content to be a great tool for our exam prep. The students have been able to go to your lecture notes and use them as a great review of content, and we have used your example packages to work through questions as a class before they dive into practice papers. We did not order new textbooks for this year so your notes have been great for the students to read through knowing that everything is nicely organized in one place! I have the utmost respect for teachers who value sharing resources that not only help teachers be more effective, but ultimately help students succeed. Thank you again and have a great rest of your school year!" "Dear Christos, Thank you so much for this wonderful collection of review packets and tests for IB, I do highly appreciate it, they are fantastic!" "Dear Sir, A big kudos to your work!!" "Hi Mr. Nikolaidis, I want to thank you for your wonderful notes" "Thank you so much for posting your amazing resources! I am a soon-to-be first year teacher and was just told that I will be teaching AA SL. Feeling a little overwhelmed but am glad there are people like you who are supporting others" "I really appreciate your hard work, talent and dedication. Please keep it up from Ethiopia, Addis Ababa." "Dear Christos, Thank you so much for offering your materials online. I am planning to use your resources as a model for my AA HL class." "Hi Christos, Greetings! I am S..., working in an international school in Mumbai. I am new to DP curriculum. I came across your site and am so overwhelmed by the way IB mathematics is handled here. Your resources have been extremely useful to me. Thanks for everything and I truly appreciate all the effort that goes into creating so many resources. Cheers"

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IB mathemarics free resources, best ib math resources, IB lecture notes, IB exercise, IB tests, International Baccalaureate, Ibresources

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Welcome to the largest library

for social change online.

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Films For Action: A Library for Changing the World

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Browse and watch 5000+ documentaries and videos - 99% free. No ads. Submit films. Share with friends. Let’s change the world together!

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Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 and died in 1616. Although his plays were written 400 years ago they are full of characters, dilemmas and stories we all still recognise. The Shakespeare Learning Zone gives you loads of information about Shakespeare's plays.

You'll find key facts, key scenes, pictures from past productions, videos of actors and directors working on and performing the plays AND find out about all the main characters and how they relate to each other.

Whether you want to know a little or a lot, this site has the information you need.

Just choose a play and enjoy!

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Shakespeare Learning Zone | Royal Shakespeare Company | Royal Shakespeare Company

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The Shakespeare Learning Zone contains loads of information about the story, setting and characters of Shakespeare's plays, with useful revision help and notes for teachers.

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The use of cartoons alongside articles has become more and more popular for School Accessed Courseworks (SACs) and end of year English exam. At first glance and even the second glance, cartoons may not always appear to contain great amounts of information for students to analyse. However, when stude…

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Virtual Nerd: Real math help for school and home

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Virtual Nerd's patent-pending tutorial system provides in-context information, hints, and links to supporting tutorials, synchronized with videos, each 3 to 7 minutes long. In this non-linear system, users are free to take whatever path through the material best serves their needs. These unique features make Virtual Nerd a viable alternative to private tutoring.

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Teaching the new Theory of Knowledge curriculum from September 2020 with Ric Simms

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The best of Asian art at the tip of your fingers for use in the classroom or at home. Explore Resources. School Programs. For Teachers. For Families.

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Discover new books for teens and fans of young adult literature, connect with your favorite authors, and read books for free at RivetedLit.com.

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Free Audio Books! Books Should be Free. Best Online Audiobook Downloads for Android, iPhone & mp3. Listen to Audible & Talking Books on Tape. eBooks in English, French, Spanish, Tamil, Portuguese, German & more.

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Step-by-step

We make it easy to learn how to make anything, one step at a time. From the stovetop to the workshop, you are sure to be inspired by the awesome projects that are shared everyday.

Made By You

Instructables are created by you. No matter who you are, we all have secret skills to share. Come join our community of curious makers, innovators, teachers, and life long learners who love to share what they make.

A Happy Place

Making things makes people happy. We can't prove it, but we know it to be true. Find your happy place, and join one of the friendliest online communities anywhere.

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Instructables is a community for people who like to make things. Come explore, share, and make your next project with us!

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An expanding question bank for teachers and students containing hundreds of original mathematical problems aligned to the International Baccalaureate Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches curriculum of the Diploma Programme.

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An expanding question bank for teachers and students containing hundreds of original mathematical problems aligned to the International Baccalaureate Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches curriculum of the Diploma Programme.

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Read to Lead games, students become the boss of a virtual workplace. Students can explore either the public service, medical, or journalism industry.

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Literature and History is a free podcast covering Anglophone literature from antiquity to the present. The show includes summaries, analysis, and original music.

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Conflicts

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This rendering of history's most lethal periods highlights the

100 deadliest events of the past 2,500 years, based on work by researcher and author Matthew White. In 1945 WWII became the bloodiest war in recorded history. Death tolls, especially those further back in time, are best estimates. Statistics can't fully reflect the devastation and suffering of war. But they illustrate how humankind has been prone to surges of violence throughout the ages, motivated by many of the same

timeless drivers.

BY ALBERTO LUCAS LÓPEZ

AND KAYA LEE BERNE

Brutal events often have myriad, overlapping

causes. Here, up to three drivers of violence

(organized by color) have been selected for

each incident depicted below.

Diamond

size shows scale of deaths

Rank out of 100 in death tolls

Estimated deaths in millions

Wealth was agricultural or took the form of tangible goods, making war an efficient way to acquire resources. War could drain agrarian workforces and hamper cultivation, causing massive death tolls.

INDEX OF THE ATROCITIES

(with deaths under 7 million) Incidents with

the same estimated death toll are listed in

order by date of occurrence.

19. Decline and Fall of the Western

Guns, gunpowder, and artillery

transformed warfare by the 1300s. The

"gunpowder age" began in East Asia

and spread to Europe, drastically

changing military technology and

political structures.

The charismatic leader united Mongol

tribes of nomadic horsemen and brutally

conquered nations all across Central Asia,

founding the Mongol Empire in 1206.

It's estimated that over 10 percent

of the world's population

was annihilated.

Demand for labor escalated the slave trade along Africa's east coast and in

the Sahara.

The last of the Mongol conquerors violently swept through Central Asia, killing

millions.

RENAISSANCE

AND EXPLORATION

Advanced shipbuilding techniques and the creation of large standing armies contributed to western Europe's rise as a world power as it sought fortune in the New World.

5. Fall of the

Ming Dynasty

A cultural peak of Chinese civilization, this dynasty was also beset by corruption and lawlessness, opening China to conquest by neighboring

Manchu.

Deaths occurred in Africa, at sea, and during the slaves' first year in the Americas.

11. Conquest of

the Americas

1492)

Rise of nation-states

and colonialism

In an era of industrial development

and the rise of nation-states, it was Europeans, predominantly the British with their strong army and navy, who were able to expand their political control across the globe.

Repeated droughts and famines were intensified by

laissez-faire economics

and colonial exploitation

by the British

government.

After some of the largest battles of all time, a rise in smaller conflicts played out by paramilitary groups using guerrilla and counterinsurgency tactics ensues. Information becomes a weapon.

The Communist regime tried to remake the oldest and largest society on Earth. Millions died in political purges, and tens of millions died in famines caused by mismanaged

agricultural reforms.

Punitive famine accounted for at least six million deaths. Over four million died in forced labor

camps.

1a. The Holocaust killed six million Jews and

several million other minorities.

12a. About a million Armenian Christians were

killed by the Young Turk regime.

*NOT INCLUDED IN ORIGINAL SOURCE DATA

**DEATH TOLL UPDATED WITH MOST

RECENT ESTIMATE

KATIE ARMSTRONG, NGM STAFF. SOURCES: MATTHEW WHITE, THE GREAT BIG BOOK OF HORRIBLE THINGS; BEN KIERNAN, YALE UNIVERSITY; PETER BRECKE, GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

This rendering of history's most lethal periods highlights the

100 deadliest events of the past 2,500 years, based on work by researcher and author Matthew White. In 1945 WWII became the bloodiest war in recorded history. Death tolls, especially those further back in time, are best estimates. Statistics can't fully reflect the devastation and suffering of war. But they illustrate how humankind has been prone to surges of violence throughout the ages, motivated by many of the same timeless drivers.

BY ALBERTO LUCAS LÓPEZ

AND KAYA LEE BERNE

Brutal events often have myriad, overlapping causes. Here, up to three drivers of

violence (organized by color) have been selected for each incident depicted below.

Diamond

size shows scale of deaths

Rank out of 100 in death tolls

Estimated deaths in millions

Wealth was agricultural or took the form of tangible goods, making war an efficient way to acquire resources. War could drain agrarian workforces and hamper cultivation, causing massive death tolls.

INDEX OF THE ATROCITIES (with deaths under 7 million) Incidents with the same estimated

death toll are listed in order by date of occurrence.

19. Decline and Fall of the Western

Guns, gunpowder, and artillery transformed warfare by the 1300s. The "gunpowder age" began in East Asia and spread to Europe, drastically changing military technology and political structures.

8. Mideast Slave

(7th-19th centuries)

RENAISSANCE AND EXPLORATION

Advanced shipbuilding techniques and the creation of large standing armies contributed to western Europe's rise as a world power as it sought fortune in the New World.

Rise of nation-states and colonialism

In an era of industrial development and the rise of nation-states, it was Europeans, predominantly the British with their strong army and navy, who were able to expand their political control across the globe.

After some of the largest battles of all time, a rise in smaller conflicts played out by paramilitary groups using guerrilla and counter- insurgency tactics ensues. Information becomes a weapon.

1a. The Holocaust killed six million Jews and

several million other minorities.

12a. About a million Armenian Christians were

killed by the Young Turk regime.

*NOT INCLUDED IN ORIGINAL SOURCE DATA

**DEATH TOLL UPDATED WITH MOST RECENT ESTIMATE

KATIE ARMSTRONG, NGM STAFF. SOURCES: MATTHEW WHITE, THE GREAT BIG BOOK OF HORRIBLE THINGS;

BEN KIERNAN, YALE UNIVERSITY; PETER BRECKE, GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

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These were history's deadliest conflicts

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This rendering of history's most lethal periods highlights the 100 deadliest events of the past 2,500 years, based on work by researcher and author Matthew White. In 1945 WWII became the bloodiest war in recorded history. Death tolls, especially those further back in time, are best estimates.

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Tool to teach critical thinking

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Kialo Edu is a custom version of Kialo ( kialo.com), the world's largest argument mapping and debate site, specifically designed for classroom use. Its clear, visually compelling format makes it easy to follow the logical structure of a discussion and facilitates thoughtful collaboration. Kialo's mission is to promote well-reasoned discussion online, and to that end, Kialo is free for educators to use.

To put their knowledge into action To sharpen their critical reasoning skills To demonstrate their understanding To engage constructively with each other
Take your classroom discussions online, break down complex subjects for students, and shake it up with new types of assignments.

Try Kialo in Your Classroom

What can you use Kialo for?

Create discussions for your students, where they can put their knowledge into practice, develop their own views on classroom content, and consolidate what they've learned. In a Kialo discussion, every student has a voice - there's no talking over each other, and students have the space to explore arguments at their own pace. Kialo's collaborative platform encourages students to work together to find the best way to express each idea.

Assign students to write a Kialo discussion instead of an essay - or use Kialo discussions to outline larger writing projects. Kialo's argument-tree structure leads students to consider counter-arguments, develop a logical outline of their argument, and visualize how their ideas fit together.

Write a discussion for your students to explore, and set out content in a clear and easy format. Link to additional sources and reading, challenge students to add arguments or question concepts.

How does Kialo work?

With Kialo, discussions and debates are clearly visualized as an interactive tree of pro and con arguments. At the top of every discussion is the thesis, which is supported or challenged by pro and con claims. Each one of these claims can in turn branch into subsequent claims that support or challenge them.

All discussions are private and can only be seen by those you choose to share them with. To start a discussion with your students, simply write a brief description and a thesis (or theses). Share the discussion with your whole class, or divide students into smaller groups.

Each claim has a comment section underneath that allows you to give students feedback, suggest improvements, and ask questions without cluttering the surface of the discussion. Similarly, students can easily collaborate with each other to improve their arguments, examples, and phrasing.

You can set up teams for each of your classes to easily share and organize the content you want your students to see. All content on Kialo-Edu.com is private, accessible only to the people you share it with.

These features are just a small fraction of what you can do with Kialo.
Find the application that works best with your teaching style.

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Kialo Edu - The tool to teach critical thinking and rational debate

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Kialo is a free tool used by educators world-wide to teach critical thinking, facilitate rational classroom debate and explain controversial issues.

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Free audio books in genre Literature that you can download in mp3, iPod and iTunes format for your portable audio player. Audio previews, convenient categories and excellent search functionality make LoyalBooks.com your best source for free audio books. Download a free audio book for yourself today!

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A PROJECT FOR EVERY LESSON

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Instructables is committed to helping teachers inspire, engage, and prepare students through hands-on projects to make in the classroom. Always free, and always fun, come explore projects for your next classroom lesson!

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Instructables is committed to helping teachers inspire, engage, and prepare students through hands-on projects to make in the classroom. Always free, and always fun, come explore projects for your next classroom lesson!

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Beginning and experienced IB Theory of Knowledge teachers are invited to appropriate, borrow directly, or adapt freely any of this tried and trusted TOK content. The various class activities evolve. They are tweaked each time they are tested in the classroom. Activities that fall flat or prove otherwise unsuccessful with my own students are dropped from the site.

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International School History - International Baccalaureate

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Learn about the world's top hotspots with the Center for Preventive Action's (CPA) interactive Global Conflict Tracker.

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Tinkercad | From mind to design in minutes

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Tinkercad is a free, easy-to-use app for 3D design, electronics, and coding.

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Discover is committed to bringing financial education into classrooms across the country in a fun and interactive way to help students gain an understanding of personal finance. We believe that teaching children the skills they need to succeed long after they leave the classroom will help prepare them for a brighter and more responsible financial future.

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The only place to build, find, customize, and share standards-aligned lessons for your classroom.

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Workbench, a lesson library repository and creation tool, was deprecated in December 2020. You can no longer use the Workbench Education webpage to create, assign, or complete lessons.

You can still access files and lesson content you downloaded before the site was deprecated, which are now in your personal files. However, you cannot access content on the Workbench site.

For those that are looking for a similar coding tool, check out , which has similar functionality to the Workbench programming canvas.

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Workbench Education is no longer available

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Workbench, a lesson library repository and creation tool, was deprecated in December 2020. You can no longer use the Workbench Education webpage to create, assign, or complete lessons. You can

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The best of Asian art at the tip of your fingers for use in the classroom or at home. Explore Resources. School Programs. For Teachers. For Families.

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International Baccalaureate : Theory of Knowledge

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The science of everyday ethics.

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Ethics Unwrapped - Beyond Business Ethics - UT Austin

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Ethics Unwrapped · The science of everyday ethics. · Made easy, useful, and fun. · 130+ videos * 80+ cases * 1,500+ campuses * 170+ countries · #EducateYourself.

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The Zooniverse is the world’s largest and most popular platform for people-powered research

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The Zooniverse is the world's largest and most popular platform for people-powered research.

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Follow us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter Follow us on Flickr Follow us on Tumbr

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High-quality multimedia brings
biological research to life

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Current news and events shaping their world

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climate change for students, climate change in classrooms, climate news for kids, climate news for students, sustainability

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Stanley Kubrick: "There are certain areas of feeling and reality-or unreality or innermost yearning, whatever you want to call it-which are notably inaccessible to words. Music can get into these areas. Painting can get into them. Non-verbal forms of expression can. But words are a terrible strait jacket."

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Stanley Kubrick: "There are certain areas of feeling and reality-or unreality or innermost yearning, whatever you want to call it-which are notably inaccessible to words. Music can get into these areas. Painting can get into them. Non-verbal forms of expression can. But words are a terrible strait jacket."

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Follow us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter Follow us on Flickr Follow us on Tumbr

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DOGO News - Kids news articles! Kids current events; plus kids news on science, sports, and more!

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DOGO News has fun articles for kids on current events, science, sports, and more! There are also lots of stories, pictures, videos, games and the DOGO news map for kids! Add your comments, read reviews of cool websites, and more!

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Experience the history of art from the Paleolithic period to the present

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World-class resources on art and cultural objects for learners from around the globe

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Edumecate creates educational content for everyone who wants to be EDUMECATED. Have a video suggestion just leave us a comment on one of our videos and we wi...

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Aw snap! Google Earth isn't supported on your browser. You may need to update your browser or use a different browser. Please see our system requirements for more information. Chrome is a great choice and you can download it here. Or if you're feeling adventurous, you can try Earth anyway by choosing an option below.

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The Indian Museum, Kolkata organised an exquisite exhibition titled Indian Buddhist Art, showcasing masterpieces of Buddhist Art from different parts of Indian sub-continent. The exhibition travelled to Shanghai Museum, China, Tokyo National Museum, Japan, Asian Civilizations Museum, Singapore and National Museum, New Delhi. After its great success, the exhibition returned back to Indian Museum, Kolkata. In the Indian Museum, Kolkata the exhibition opened to the visitors on 2nd February 2016 and continued till 31st May, 2016. Buddhism originated in the Indian sub-continent and flourished to neighbouring regions of South and South-East Asia. The exhibition comprises 91 objects from Indian sub-continent which displays a visual expression of stories associated with the life of the Buddha, spread of the religion, Buddhism and development of the art which is known as Buddhist Art.

Maya's Dream
According to Buddhist texts, before the birth of the Buddha, his mother, Maya Devi had a dream in which she saw a white elephant entering her womb. In sculptures, this theme is presented by a lady asleep on a couch with an elephant hovering over her. This panel, depicts the bed chamber of Queen Maya Devi flanked by vaulted corridors, and supported on Persepolitan pillars without shafts. The queen is asleep on a furnished couch, her head raised on a high pillow. From a circular slab the Bodhisattva descending in the form of an elephant is seen.

Preaching Buddha flanked by
Avalokitesvara and Maitreya

Worship of Chakra
The scene represents worship of the wheel, which was one of the symbols of the Buddha before the introduction of his anthropomorphic image. The wheel stands for the Buddha's first sermon delivered in the deer park at Sarnath, suggested here by the presence of the two addorsed deer on the shaft, when he set the wheel of the law in motion. Of the two flanking couples, the eminence of the couple on the proper right is suggested by the male carrying a garland and the female kneeling down to make an offering.

Sponsoring Institution: Indian Museum, Kolkata

Cheif Co-Ordinator: Dr. Jayanta Sengupta

Resource Person: Shri Sadashiva Gorakshar

Exhibition prepared by:
Dr. Anasua Das
Dr. Mita Chakrabarty
Dr. Nita Sengupta
Shri Satyakam Sen
Smt. Shrabanti Sardar

Photographs by: Photography Unit

The story featured may in some cases have been created by an independent third party and may not always represent the views of the institutions, listed below, who have supplied the content.

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Indian Buddhist Art - Google Arts & Culture

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The Indian Museum, Kolkata organised an exquisite exhibition titled Indian Buddhist Art, showcasing masterpieces of Buddhist Art from different parts of Indian sub-continent. The exhibition travelled to Shanghai Museum, China, Tokyo National Museum, Japan, Asian Civilizations Museum, Singapore and National Museum, New Delhi. After its great success, the exhibition returned back to Indian Museum, Kolkata.

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The British Museum's remarkable collection spans over two million years of human history and culture. Over 6 million visitors every year experience the collection, including world-famous objects such as the Rosetta Stone, the Parthenon sculptures, and Egyptian mummies.
Discover our interactive experience The Museum of the World

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British Museum, London, United Kingdom - Google Arts & Culture

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The British Museum's remarkable collection spans over two million years of human history and culture. Over 6 million visitors every year experience the col...

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Plagiarism is a common (and often misunderstood) problem that is often the result of a lack of knowledge and skills. Our mission is to support the education community with a comprehensive set of resources to help students write with integrity.

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Adithi Muralidhar
In the third part of our series on birds, we list out some handouts for the students and resources for the teachers. These handouts will help children understand bird behavior better.

Sheel
Did you know that all the furniture in our homes can help us learn more about math, English and even EVS? From shapes, symmetry, trigonometry and statistics to nursery rhymes and idioms, furniture as a project idea can be taken up by teachers to put some zest into their teaching. Read on for more ideas.

Nupur Hukmani
Has entrepreneurship in the education sector become a movement that is reflective of a trend that is likely to revolutionise this space in the coming years? While there are huge challenges to be met especially in the government schools in the rural areas, what is heartwarming is the rise of a new breed of innovators who are trying to create a new supply of public and priv

Read more articles from this issue

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Adithi Muralidhar In the third part of our series on birds, we list out some handouts for the students and resources for the teachers. These handouts will help children understand bird behavior better. Sheel Did you know that all the furniture in our homes can help us learn more about math, English and even EVS?

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Teaching Model Diplomacy for International Baccalaureate (IB) Courses

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Council on Foreign Relations: Model Diplomacy

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HowStuffWorks - Learn How Everything Works!

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HowStuffWorks has been explaining how things work to curious minds since 1998. Providing factual, unbiased content that's fun to read and makes difficult topics easy to understand.

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The best of Asian art at the tip of your fingers for use in the classroom or at home. Explore Resources. School Programs. For Teachers. For Families.

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This website is designed and maintained by Deanna Knox and Rachel Mainero, teachers at Reuther Middle School, in an effort to help educators promote a culture of thinking in their school and...

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One hundred objects from museums across the UK with resources, information and teaching ideas to inspire your students' interest in history. More about this project

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Online resource provides students and teachers alike with a comprehensive overview of all things engineering

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Aerospace

Space is Infinite. So are the possibilities.

Did you know?

Aerospace engineers are experts in aerodynamics, so some of them put their skills to use in making race cars go faster or golf balls fly further.

Find out the latest aerospace news!

Make a Difference!

Many of the new aircrafts that aerospace engineers design make use of lightweight composite materials. Why? Lighter planes consume much less fuel, which reduces emissions of greenhouse gases.

Aerospace

Even the sky's not the limit for aerospace engineers, who design and build jet fighters, spaceships, rockets, planes, satellites - essentially any craft that soars through or above the atmosphere.

Where do they Work?

The aerospace industry, which includes companies like Boeing and Lockheed Martin, has an insatiable demand for engineers. So do airline companies (American Airlines, Federal Express). Automobile manufacturers, like Ford and Toyota, also hire aerospace engineers. NASA, of course, is a big source of jobs, as are other government agencies like the Departments of Defense and Energy. And a growing number of aerospace engineers are landing jobs with commercial space operations like Virgin Galactic.

Meet One!

Neal Saiki is founder of Zero Motorcycles, which produces the high-performance electric motorcycle Saiki invented -- a bike that's clean, quiet, and capable of hitting 60 m.p.h. in four seconds.
COOL FACT: Saiki honed his skills as an aerospace engineer at NASA, where he worked on future modes of transportation -- a job that got him thinking about building a better motorcycle.

Zero Motorcycles: Watch a video about aerospace engineer Neal Saiki's electric motorcycles!

NASA Puffin: See the NASA design for a personal flying vehicle, not unlike the jet packs that appear in many sci-fi and James Bond movies.

Agricultural

Thought for Food: This field is always growing.

Agricultural

Like to eat? Give thanks to agricultural engineers. They mix cutting-edge science with the art of farming to keep us well-fed with foods that are safe, nutritious and tasty.

Did you Know?

Where do they work?

Agricultural engineers will never be at a loss for career choices -- the number of industries that require their skills is vast. Here are just a few examples: farm equipment manufacturers (John Deere, International Harvester); seed companies (Pioneer Hi-Bred, Monsanto); food producers (Kraft, Kellogg's); environmental engineering firms (Mock Roos and Associates); forest product companies (Weyerhaeuser).

Cara Cowan Watts

Cara Cowan Watts is working on her doctorate in biosystems engineering at Oklahoma State's Stillwater campus. Her dissertation focuses on plant and wild-life issues in the lakes and rivers of her community.
COOL FACT: Watts also finds time to push for new and expanded science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education programs in Cherokee Nation schools. One current program is a STEM summer camp for Cherokee kids.

Make a Difference!

Architectural

Bigger. Better. Smarter? Help to build a greener world.

Make a Difference!

The biggest trend in the industry today is architecture that's sustainable, or green. It is the architectural engineers who come up with workable innovations so buildings use energy and water more efficiently, creating less waste and pollution.

Architectural Engineering

Great architecture is awe-inspiring. But architectural engineers are the folks who figure out how to put it all together. Without them, the world's coolest structures would remain on the drawing board.

Where do they work?

Architectural engineers typically work for engineering, (Crossey Engineering, Maffat & Nichol, Flour Corp.) construction, (Gardiner & Theobald) and architectural (LPA Inc. of California) firms.

Meet an Engineer!

Peter D'Antonio is an energy management expert who runs his own company, PCD Engineering Services, in Boulder, CO. His firm has won several renewable-energy design awards. He recently remodeled his own home to make it generate nearly as much energy as it uses.
COOL FACT: Before starting his company back in 2000, D'Antonio was a drummer for Boulder rock band, Moonshine Moses.
Read more about Peter D'Antonio

Did you know?

Architects are finding new way to challenge architectural engineers, especially when it comes to designing buildings that reach breathtaking heights. For instance, the current tallest building in the world is the Burj Tower, which when completed, will likely soar more than 2,650 feet into the air, or more than 160 stories.

Find out the latest architectural news!

Biomedical

Modern-day Miracle Workers. It must be in their genes.

Make a Difference!

From helping to conquer deadly diseases to possibly enabling the paralyzed to regain use of their limbs, biomedical engineers apply quantitative solutions to medical problems. Their work can range from diagnostic tools and therapies to artificial organs and prosthetics.

Did you Know?

Where do they Work?

Biomedical engineering is a fast-growing field, as well as a wide-ranging one. Firms that hire bioengineers include pharmaceutical companies (Boehringer Mannheim, Eli Lilly), medical equipment and instrument manufacturers (Siemens Medical Systems, Thermo Fisher Scientific) and biotechs (Genentech, Genzyme Corp.). Some grads remain in academia to do research. Schools with big bioengineering departments include the University of California-San Diego and Duke University. It's a very entrepreneurial field, so it's not unusual to find bioengineers founding or working for startup companies.

Meet One!

While he was still a freshman at Duke University, William Hwang created InnoWorks, a nonprofit program that uses volunteer college students to teach science and math in cool, fun ways at summer camps to middle-school students from underprivileged areas. InnoWorks now has nine chapters in three countries. He is also studying for a M.D./Ph.D at M.I.T./Harvard.
COOL FACT: As if he wasn't busy enough while at Duke, Hwang played first violin for the Duke Symphony Orchestra.
Watch a video of William Hwang

Biomedical

From helping to conquer deadly diseases to possibly enabling the paralyzed to regain use of their limbs, biomedical engineers apply quantitative solutions to medical problems. Their work can range from diagnostic tools and therapies to artificial organs and prosthetics.

Chemical

All the Right Elements. Engineers with real good chemistry.

Chemical

Everything in nature -- including us -- is composed of chemicals. So there's no shortage of raw materials with which chemical engineers can work to produce all manner of valuable products, including lifesaving drugs and green fuels.

Make a Difference

Chemical engineers are in the forefront of efforts to make Planet Earth a cleaner, healthier place to live, from finding better ways to clean up toxic spills to developing sustainable biofuels.

Did You Know?

Where Do They Work?

Chemical engineers are in great demand in many disparate industries: pharmaceuticals (Novartis, Pfizer), food (General Mills), chemicals (DuPont, Dow Chemical Co.), energy (Chevron, ConocoPhillips), and all sorts of manufacturing (3M, Procter & Gamble). State environmental health and safety agencies also employ many chemical engineers.

Michelle Gass

If you've ever enjoyed a Starbucks Caramel Frappuccino, then thank Michelle Gass -- she launched the drink. Gass is the president of Seattle's Best Coffee, a brand owned by Starbucks Corporation. She and her team come up with new coffee-based drinks by visiting Starbucks shops worldwide and interviewing customers.
COOL FACT: The Caramel Frappuccino began as a novelty drink; it's now a $2 billion brand. Other drinks she's launched include Pumpkin Spice Latte and the Tazo Tea beverage.
Read more about Michelle Gass

Civil

Adding Structure to the World. Bridges. Dams. Airports. Power plants. You name it!

Civil

Think big, think infrastructure, think civil engineering. Civil engineers design and build some of the world's biggest, most muscular structures, from interstate highways and bridges to dams and airports to water-treatment plants and power stations.

Make a Difference!

Clean water is essential to life, yet too often it is a precious and scarce commodity in developing countries, especially those hit by wars or natural disasters. Civil engineers are at the forefront of efforts to design inexpensive yet effective ways to ensure that people living in these regions have access to potable water.

Did you Know?

Civil engineers of the future will truly be on the move -- their skills will be needed to construct the rail beds for magnetic levitation trains, and to create the modular structures for planned human outposts on the moon and Mars.

Find out the latest civil engineering news!

Where do they work?

Civil engineers work in many areas essential to modern life. Industries or companies that typically employ them include the big engineering/construction/architectural firms (CH2M Hill, Bechtel Corp., Arup), environmental specialists (Meliora Environmental Design), rail and ground transportation groups (CSX Corp.), and power generators (Southern Co.). Many also work for state agencies, including public works and highway departments, or the federal government (Department of Transportation, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers).

Meet an Engineer!

Marc Edwards is a professor at Virginia Tech, and is considered a leading expert in urban water supplies. His highest-profile research was in 2003 in Washington, D.C., where he and his graduate students determined that the city's drinking water contained drastically high levels of lead -- a toxin linked to birth defects. The cause, Edwards determined, was a disinfectant added to the water that caused lead to leach from pipes.
COOL FACT: Edwards has received many awards and honors for his work. Time magazine in 2004 called him one of nation's top scientists. Better yet, in 2007 he was named one of that year's MacArthur Fellows. Also called the "genius awards," MacArthur grants provide honorees with a $500,000 stipend over five years.
Watch a video about Marc Edwards

Computer

All Systems Go. These guys are programmed to succeed.

Computer and Software Engineering

The information-technology revolution marches on. And at its vanguard are computer engineers who work with all aspects of computing: operating systems, networks, software and hardware.

Make a Difference!

Interested in healthcare? Computer and software engineers are part of multidisciplinary efforts to develop next-generation functional imaging technologies that will provide earlier detection -- and better treatment -- of a wide range of ailments, including heart disease, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and even drug and alcohol addictions.

Did you Know?

Where do they work?

Microchips are embedded in everything from toasters to telephones, so many industries need computer engineers, including computer and consumer electronics manufacturers (Apple Inc., Canon, Hitachi, Hewlett-Packard); telecoms (Verizon, Qualcomm) supercomputer makers (IBM, Cray); software giants (Microsoft, Oracle); solar energy providers (SunEdison), and computer-game companies (Electronic Arts). Of course, Google, the ubiquitous provider of web-based services, certainly hires them, too -- indeed, cofounders Larry Page and Sergey Brin are computer engineers.Read about them in the eGFI magazine.

Meet an Engineer!

Raynelle Callender attended the University of Virginia and now works for Rolls-Royce North America's civil aero-engine market, using her engineering background in a business setting. As part of her job, she gets to travel to many countries, including Brazil, China, and Germany.
COOL FACT: Callender is a member of the Society of Women Engineers (SWE). In 2006, she was recognized as a Modern Day Technology Leader at the annual Black Engineer of the Year Awards conference, which recognizes individuals who are helping to shape technology in the future.

Electrical

A Strong Signal. Stay current on the latest wireless technology.

Electrical Engineering

As an electrical engineer, you've got the power -- and you'll efficiently and safely channel it from turbines, fuel cells, or hydroelectric and solar plants to homes, factories, and businesses. Electrical engineers also develop wireless communication systems, develop the latest media displays like HDTV, design computer processors and other hardware, and work in robotics.

Make a Difference!

Small, inexpensive wireless sensors that detect chemical and biological pollutants are being developed by electrical engineers. The ability to observe, model, and predict pollution in the environment is key to combating it.

Did you know?

Meet an Engineer!

Guitarist Ben Verellen designs and builds customized, powerful amplifiers for bands. He started his business in his basement, while he was still an undergraduate at the University of Washington. His amps use vacuum tubes rather than circuitry. Tube-based amps, he says, offer a superior sound, and his customers agree.
COOL FACT: Verellen has been a gigging musician since he was 13, and was bass player with Harkonen, which was a popular Tacoma band. He now plays guitar with the band Helms Alee.Watch a video of Ben Verellen

Where do they Work?

Electricity provides the spark of modern life. Accordingly, there are wide-ranging opportunities in this field. The many industries that employ electrical engineers include: power companies (Pacific Gas & Electric Co., First Energy Corp.), microchip makers (Intel, AMD), defense contractors (General Dynamics, Raytheon), fuel-cell manufacturers (Ballard Power Systems, Delphi Corp.), computer-aided design software makers (Dassault Systemes, Autodesk), and consumer electronics companies (Sony, Samsung, Toshiba).

Environmental

Good, Clean Fun. Fighting pollution, reducing pesticides and more!

Environmental

From global warming to water shortages, the Earth's ecosystem is in crisis. Environmental engineers develop water distribution systems, sewage treatment plants, recycling methods, and other pollution prevention and control methods to solve current problems and prevent new ones.

Make a Difference!

Well, clearly, almost any work environmental engineers engage in helps make the planet a better place, whether they're helping to cut urban air pollution or reduce the use of pesticides on farms.

Did you Know?

Where do they Work?

Environmental engineering graduates have many career options at their disposal. Certainly many work for major environmental engineering/consulting firms (Groundwater and Environmental Services, Roux Associates, Greeley & Hansen, Veolia Environment), as well as construction companies (Clark Construction). Several federal agencies -- particularly the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of the Interior -- are big sources of jobs, as are environmental advocacy groups (Sierra Club, National Wildlife Fund). States also have environmental protection and natural resources department.

Meet an Engineer!

Fawn Bergen attended the University of Florida and is now a senior consulting engineer at Koogler and Associates in Gainsville, Fla., where she specializes in air quality projects. She decided to major in environmental engineering because she loves math and science. Bergen also says her mother was somewhat of a hippie and taught her children the importance of being environmentally aware: "She was recycling before it was the cool thing to do."
COOL FACT: Bergen was awarded the 2009 Outstanding Young Professional Award from the Air and Waste Management Association, a group she's long been actively involved with. She helped establish the association's student program in Florida.

Manufacturing

Have It Made. Automation is sweeping the nation.

Industrial/
Manufacturing

Today's consumers expect high-quality, regardless of whether they're buying cars, food or sports gear, and industrial/manufacturing engineers are quality-control pros. They're involved with all aspects of manufacturing, including automation (that's right, robots!), production control and materials handling.

Make a Difference!

Industrial/Manufacturing engineers work to ensure that environmental and safety standards are met -- or exceeded -- during production.

Did you Know?

Where do they Work?

Industrial/Manufacturing engineers are found in just about every industry. Regardless of whether a company is a manufacturer of goods or a provider of services, it needs to do things better, cheaper, faster. Industries that hire manufacturing engineers include: defense contractors (ATK, General Dynamics); aerospace (Lockheed Martin, Northrop Grumman); automotive (Ford, Toyota); sports equipment (Adidas, Jaypro); high-tech (Hewlett-Packard, IBM); consulting (Rowland Group, Deloitte); components (Horst Engineering and Manufacturing); food (Kellogg, Kraft); and services (Federal Express, UPS).

Meet an Engineer!

Pablo Paster attended California Polytechnic State University and Presidio School of Management. He is now the vice president for greenhouse gas management innovations at ClimateCHECK, a California consulting firm that helps companies reduce their CO2 footprint.
COOL FACT: Paster writes the blog, Ask Pablo, where he answers readers' questions about sustainability. Typical topics: Do LED lights really save energy? and Which type of diapers are better for the environment, cloth or disposable? (Short answers: yes and cloth.)

Materials

100% Human Ingenuity. There's a lot that goes into making things better.

Materials

Well, clearly, there's a great demand for materials engineers in the composite materials industry (Material Sciences Corp., Materials Innovation Technologies). But the need for new and improved materials is widespread. Other sectors where their skills are needed include: office technologies (Xerox, 3M); pharmaceuticals (Johnson & Johnson, Merck); consumer goods (P&G, Unilever); paper products (Kimberly Clark); aerospace (GKN, Lockheed Martin); high-tech (Imra, Intel, Texas Instruments); and aluminum manufacturing and recycling (Novelis).
Watch a video about snowboard designers

Watch a video about materials that heal themselves!

Meet One!

Shirley Meng attended MIT, and is now an assistant professor at the University of Florida. She runs the school's Laboratory for Energy Storage and Conservation. Her area of expertise? Developing new materials to make lithium batteries -- the type used in laptops and cellphones -- robust enough to power hybrid electric cars. Development of longer-life batteries is key to making many green energy sources commercially viable.
COOL FACT: Meng can let you in on the secret of making your cellphone battery last longer -- don't let it run down too far before recharging it. If you do, she explains, it depletes the lithium and shortens its lifespan.

Material

Combine a bit of physics with a dash of chemistry and toss in equal amounts of mechanical, civil and electrical engineering, and voila! You'll produce materials engineers. These folks take plastics, glass, metals and other raw substances and turn them into new materials and useful products.

Did you Know?

Make a Difference!

Materials engineers are using nanotechnology -- the manipulation of molecules and atoms to create new composite materials -- to make flying safer. They're developing airplane skins imbued with tiny sensors that will detect weak spots long before dangerous cracks occur. Eventually, they'll likely devise materials that will repair themselves.

Mechanical

Wheels in Motion. From roller coasters to robotics, make your move.

Mechanical

Machines come in many sizes, from the massive to the nano-sized. And mechanical engineers are the folks who design, build and maintain them all.

Make a Difference!

Thermodynamics is about harnessing and putting energy to use, and it's something that mechanical engineers understand backwards and forwards. Not surprisingly then, they are central to efforts to find new, sustainable, and clean fuels.

Did you Know?

Where do they Work?

Mechanical engineering is highly multidisciplinary, and its practitioners are experts in areas ranging from robotics to air conditioning, so they're welcome in many industries, including: consumer electronics (Motorola, Siemens); automotive (General Motors, BMW, BorgWarner); appliances (Bosch, Westinghouse); energy (Duke Power, Shell Oil, Global Energy Innovations); aerospace (Rolls Royce); medical devices (Allergan, Masimo Corp.); amusement park rides (Walt Disney World, S & S Worldwide); toys (Fisher Price); and nanotechnology (Zyvex Corp.).

Helen Greiner

Within the gee-whiz world of robots, Helen Greiner is something of a legend. She and two MIT colleagues started iRobot in 1990 -- financing it on their credit cards. It is now a $300 million business and a leading maker of practical robots: from the Roomba autonomous vacuum cleaner to PackBot, a super-sturdy military robot designed to handle reconnaissance patrols, bomb-disposals, and other dangerous missions. Greiner left iRobot in 2008 and is now chief executive of The Droid Works, a research-based company that develops cutting-edge aircraft. Her current project is, what else, a type of flying robot.
COOL FACT: When Greiner was 11, her father took her to see the original Star Wars movie. She became besotted with the robot R2D2, and was later annoyed to learn it wasn't an actual robot. That's when she decided on her future career of making robots as cool as R2D2.
Watch a video about Helen Greiner

Meet mechanical engineer and daredevil, Nate Ball

Mining

Can You Dig It? The engineering behind our greatest natural resources.

Mining

Our Earth is a treasure trove of valuable, underground resources, and mining engineers help to locate them. They and petroleum engineers also design techniques and equipment that ensure that minerals, oil and gas are extracted as safely and cleanly as possible. Moreover, some petroleum engineers also work on developing alternative energy sources.

Make a Difference!

Natural gas is a fossil fuel, but it's a much cleaner producer of electricity than oil. Gas plants also start up quickly. As such, natural gas plants are the best back-ups to plants that run on intermittent sources of energy, like solar and wind. So gas is an important transition fuel for an eventual carbon-free power system. And mining and petroleum engineers are key to finding and developing new, domestic sources of gas.

Did you Know?

Where do they Work?

Mined materials are essential to modern life, so jobs are plentiful. Mining engineers work in many industries, including mining (BHP Billiton, Phelps Dodge Corp., Newmont); specialty machinery and equipment (Herrenknecht, Ingersoll-Rand, Joy Mining Machinery); building materials (Aggregate Industries); and construction/ engineering (Kiewit, Frontier-Kemper, Drummond Co., Granite Construction). Industries employing petroleum engineers include: major oil companies (Marathon Oil, Chevron, BP) as well as smaller ones (Apache Corp., Anadarko Petroleum Corp., Jetta Operating Co.); utilities (Duke Power); chemicals (Dow Chemical); and oil-and-gas services (Schlumberger, Halliburton, BJ Services).

Meet One!

Braden Lusk's day job is at the University of Kentucky; he's an assistant professor of mining engineering. Much of his research involves explosives and blast migration (unsurprisingly, some of his work is funded by the departments of Defense and Homeland Security). But he's got a great moonlighting gig, too. Lusk co-hosts the Discovery Channel's The Detonators, where he explains how to safely use explosives to demolish everything from skyscrapers to bridges. Lucky Lusk gets to jet to major demolition locations worldwide, from Liverpool, England, to the Bahamas.
COOL FACT: As a child, Lusk showed an early aptitude for things that go boom. He loved using Fourth of July firecrackers to blow up all manner of things, from toys to apples.
Watch Braden Lusk on The Detonators

Nuclear

The New Power Generation. Developing cleaner, safer energy for all.

Nuclear Engineering

Nuclear engineers work to safely harness one of the most powerful energy sources there is. Nuclear energy is used to operate power plants and to run some naval ships and submarines. Moreover, radioactive material also has many industrial and medical uses.

Make a Difference!

Nuclear power is the result of fission, the splitting of heavy atoms to release energy. But nuclear engineers are convinced they will eventually create much cleaner and safer energy from nuclear fusion, the melding of atomic nuclei. It would take 300 tons of coal to equal the energy derived from burning a mere ounce of fusion fuel.

Did you know?

Where do they work?

Given the security and defense issues involving nuclear energy, which include weaponry (and nonproliferation), power generation, and radioactive waste disposal, one of the biggest employers of nuclear engineers is the federal government. So they're in demand at national labs (including Argonne, Los Alamos and Sandia), and at many agencies (Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Departments of Energy and Homeland Security, NASA). They also work in these industries: nuclear power (Westinghouse Electric, Babcock & Wilcox, Areva, Constellation Energy), medical (IBA, Northstar), defense , and engineering (Bechtel). Also, many opt to remain in academia. Research schools with large nuclear engineering programs include the University of Michigan, M.I.T., and Columbia University.

Meet an Engineer!

Dwight Williams attended North Carolina State University and the University of Maryland, and is a principal nuclear physicist in the Weapons Intelligence Office of the Defense Intelligence Agency. His duties include working with the White House to craft national nuclear policy. Williams is also a visiting professor at M.I.T.
COOL FACT: Don't give up on science, even if your grades aren't the best, Williams says. He admits that that was his story until he took physics in high school. Then everything just clicked and he got an A. Because Williams was also drawn to Einstein's theories, a nuclear engineering career became pretty much inevitable.
Watch a video about Dwight Williams

Ocean

Where Knowledge Runs Deep. Come explore the great unknown.

Ocean

Earth's last great frontier is its oceans, which cover 70 percent of the globe, yet are largely unexplored and only marginally understood. Ocean engineers are helping to open up, protect and put this mystery world to use. They combine civil, mechanical and electrical engineering with oceanography, mathematics, physics and materials science.

Make a Difference!

We need to know where ocean pollution is -- where it's heading, and its source -- if we're going to clean it up. Ocean engineers design the sophisticated yet robust instruments need to track sea pollution. For example, British engineers recently developed a robotic fish -- it resembles a bass -- that will monitor pollution off the coast of Spain.

Did you know?

Where do they work?

Ocean engineers are involved in all things aquatic, from building on- and off-shore and underseas structures, to designing high-tech monitoring devices. The many industries that require their skills include: construction (Hatch Mott MacDonald, Schiavone Construction); dredging (Manson Construction); instrumentation (FarSounder, Ultra Electronics); robotic vehicles (Deep Ocean Engineering); coastal and environmental protection (Coastal Planning and Engineering Inc.), and fish farming (Marine Construction, Ocean Spar).

Meet an Engineer!

Hanumant Singh, who attended George Mason University and MIT, is a scientist at the Deep Submergence Laboratory at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, where he develops underwater robotic vehicles. He often goes to sea with his robots to study a variety of oceanographic phenomena, including ancient shipwrecks.
COOL FACT: One of Singh's hobbies is windsurfing. Not only is it fun, he says, but it is a good way of understanding the interactions at the water-sea interface.
Watch a video of Hanumant Singh

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Presented by ASEE and its partners, eGFI is the best resource available for students and teachers to learn about engineering.

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Discover Genetics! Learn and explore cell biology, human health, evolution, and science labs. Interactive labs and teacher materials available.

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Learn.Genetics [Internet]. Salt Lake City (UT): Genetic Science Learning Center; 2018 [cited 2023 Nov 27] Available from https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/

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IB Approaches to Learning (ATL) TOOLKIT 

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IB Approaches to Learning (ATL) TOOLKIT 

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IB Approaches to Learning (AtL) TOOLKIT 

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The $80 Trillion World Economy in One Chart

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Latest estimates put the world economy at about $80 trillion in nominal GDP. Here is how each individual country stacks up in terms of size.

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Drag and drop countries around the map to compare their relative size. Is Greenland really as big as all of Africa? You may be surprised at what you find! A great tool for educators.

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The David Rumsey Map Collection Database

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The David Rumsey Map Collection Database

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David Rumsey Map Center celebrates its 8th Anniversary April 1, 2024 with a special screening the film "A Stranger Quest" - a documentary about Rumsey and his passion for maps. Free to the public, 4:30pm, Stanford. Details, register https://t.co/dDJUHcCPed Film release late 2024.

"A Stranger Quest," a film about David Rumsey and his passion for maps premiers at the Torino Film Festival November 30. Below is a trailer. Made by Italian filmmaker Andrea Gatopoulos, the film will be released in 2024. https://t.co/yT17D8rebL

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David Rumsey Map Center celebrates its 8th Anniversary April 1, 2024 with a special screening the film "A Stranger Quest" - a documentary about Rumsey and his passion for maps. Free to the public, 4:30pm, Stanford. Details, register https://t.co/dDJUHcCPed Film release late 2024.

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Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world.

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Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world.

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In this activity, students further explore the short film Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Corn, by working through the mathematical concepts behind George Beadle's claim that teosinte is the wild ancestor of maize.

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Empowering Educators. Inspiring Students. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world.

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Students

Take hold of your financial future. Get the skills you need to set and reach your goals with our videos and interactive modules.
Middle School High School

About the Program

Empower middle and high school students to take control of their financial futures. Educators can help students and their families explore comprehensive financial literacy resources to gain the tools and skills they need to make sound financial decisions and achieve their personal goals.
Learn more about the partnership between
Discover and Discovery Education

Deciding Where and How to Bank

What factors should you consider when choosing a bank? Learn how to compare features and costs of services offered by financial institutions.

Launch Module

Being Financially Responsible

Budgeting: What Is It and How Does It Work?

Simply put, a budget is a spending plan for your money. Learn how to use a budget to map out your path to financial success.

Launch Video

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Take hold of your financial future. Get the skills you need to set and reach your goals with our videos and interactive modules. Middle School High School Empower middle and high school students to take control of their financial futures.

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Model Diplomacy is a free simulation program that invites students, educators, and professionals from a variety of backgrounds to step into the roles of decision-makers on the U.S. National Security Council (NSC) or UN Security Council.

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What is CFR Campus?
CFR Campus is both an initiative and the name of CFR's dedicated education site. The site houses all of CFR's educational content and programming, including Model Diplomacy, modules on the fundamentals of international relations and foreign policy, Backgrounders, Interactives, InfoGuides, and Academic Outreach events. The website launched in 2017.
Why did the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR) create Model Diplomacy?
Model Diplomacy is the first new resource created as part of CFR Education, an initiative designed to help college and high school students, educators, and others develop the knowledge, skills, and perspectives required to be informed citizens and successful professionals in today's interconnected world.
How much does Model Diplomacy cost?
Model Diplomacy is completely free of charge, to make it as accessible as possible across secondary and higher education.
Can I use Model Diplomacy without Internet access?
Contact us at modeldiplomacy@cfr.org to discuss how to use Model Diplomacy in a technology-restricted or web-restricted classroom.
How does Model Diplomacy differ from Model United Nations (Model UN)?
Model Diplomacy is designed as an instructor-facilitated classroom simulation, rather than a multi-institutional extracurricular activity. With NSC simulations, Model Diplomacy allows students to focus on the U.S. National Security Council, not the United Nations, and teaches them about the diverse perspectives that exist within the U.S. foreign policy-making system. UN Security Council (UNSC) simulations, though they mimic the United Nations, focus specifically on the Security Council's role in international affairs and offer a more realistic approximation of UN proceedings than Model UN. Model Diplomacy is a blended learning program that includes face-to-face interaction, online resources from foreign policy experts, assessments, and classroom management tools. For more information on how Model Diplomacy compares to Model UN, please see this helpful infographic.
For what kinds of classes is Model Diplomacy appropriate?
Model Diplomacy simulations are designed to be adapted to a variety of courses. A simulation can be customized for different subjects by selecting from a range of case topics. The rigor of a simulation is also easily adjusted by choosing to assign or forgo additional readings and flashpoints.
I am not an instructor. Can I use Model Diplomacy for self-study?
Model Diplomacy is a classroom program created to help instructors produce learning outcomes for college and high school students. However, CFR Education is developing free online materials for everyone who would like to learn more about foreign policy and international relations; the anticipated release date is fall 2019. In the meantime, please follow us on Twitter (@World101_CFR) for updates.
What is the difference between a basic and advanced simulation?
Model Diplomacy simulations are built to be flexible; they can be easily modified to suit your class level and align with existing curricula. Basic cases are shorter and use simpler language, making them more suitable for younger students, students with less background knowledge of the case topic, or for classes conducting a simulation in a short amount of time. Advanced cases provide more in-depth material and use more complex language. They are suitable for older students, students with a background in international relations, and students who can handle a greater quantity of background material.
What is the difference between a National Security Council (NSC) and a UN Security Council (UNSC) simulation?
National Security Council simulations model the U.S. foreign policy-making process, allowing students to gain a deeper understanding of the complex interests and concerns of the U.S. foreign policy-making process. UN Security Council simulations take a global perspective, allowing students to play the roles of countries on the UN Security Council. In these simulations students will navigate the diverging goals of these countries as they attempt to forge a consensus. By simulating the UN Security Council, students will gain a more nuanced understanding of the complexities of international cooperation. Both versions of a given case include background content, research materials, and assessments tailored to the respective body.
Does Model Diplomacy work for classes with either more or fewer students than the twelve to fourteen distinct roles per case?
Instructors have successfully used Model Diplomacy in classes with just a few students and those with more than fifty students. Roles can be played by individual students or represented by teams. Another option is to remove the roles and have students deliberate from their perspectives as general advisors to the president. The Model Diplomacy instructor guide provides additional tips on assigning and customizing roles for your selected case.
How long does a simulation take?
Model Diplomacy can last as little as one class period and as long as nine weeks of class time. In a shorter simulation, instructors can assign only the case materials, forgoing assessments or background research. In longer simulations, instructors can give students time to research the issue and their roles for a deeper and more nuanced role-play.
Who writes the case studies?
Model Diplomacy simulations are developed by CFR experts with the support of the Education team. These experts are well-known scholars with deep experience in the issues and regions covered. Many come from high-level government service.
How are the case studies chosen?
We choose case studies that highlight issues of global importance, reflect current concerns on the global foreign policy agenda, and are likely to remain relevant for the foreseeable future. Each of our case studies uses an existing international policy issue and creates a hypothetical decision point around it.

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What is CFR Campus? CFR Campus is both an initiative and the name of CFR's dedicated education site. The site houses all of CFR's educational content and programming, including Model Diplomacy, modules on the fundamentals of international relations and foreign policy, Backgrounders, Interactives, InfoGuides, and Academic Outreach events.

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Want to know why giant ships can float, how your earbuds make music, what graphene is, or how windows can clean themselves? You've come to the right place! Here you'll find simple explanations you can really understand-hurrah!

Hard stuff... made simple!

Explain that Stuff is an online book written by science writer Chris Woodford (author of many popular science books for adults and children). It includes over 400 easy-to-understand articles, richly illustrated with over 4000 photos, artworks, and animations, covering how things work, cutting-edge science, cool gadgets, and computers. We take the "pain" from explain and the "tough" out of stuff! There's more information on this website than in your average expensive science book, it's continually updated, and it's completely free to use! Explain that Stuff also helps to support curriculum learning (conventional STEM education and home-schooling).

How to use this site

There are five simple ways to find what you want:

1. A-Z index: Browse articles by name.

2. Timeline: Find inventions by date.

3. Random: Discover something new.

4. Search: Use the search engine.

5. Teaching guide: Browse study topics.

What's hot in October 2023?

Our simple introductions explain the science behind the headlines. In the news now...

What's new?

Some of our latest articles...

From atoms and cells to nuclear power plants and the human brain, the scope of science is truly amazing. But what exactly is the scientific method... and why is it still our best hope for making sense of the world?

Most popular

These are some more of our classic, ever-popular articles:

What else is on our site?

The articles on our site are divided up into broad topical areas, listed below. We've also given you a rough idea of the kind of questions you're going to find answers to in each section:

Who uses this site?

In the ~17 years we've been online (2006-2023), pages from this site have been viewed over 140 million times in total. Our articles have been cited by dozens of books and over 2000 academic papers and patents. We've received over 4000 user feedback forms in the last decade and 92% gave us four or five stars out of five-a weighted average of 4.6-but there's always plenty of room to do better. We hope you find this site useful too!

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Our website serves advertisements to pay its running costs. The advertisers we work with use a technical mechanism called cookies (small files stored on your computer) to help them serve relevant and useful advertisements that they think are likely to appeal to you, but you can opt in or out of these cookies at any time. The web domain explainthatstuff.com does not collect, store, sell, or share any personal information and has no plans ever to do so in the future. However, in line with the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), you may still send us a "Do Not Sell My Personal Information" request if you'd like to. For more details, please see our privacy policy.
This page last updated: October 20, 2023.
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Articles from this website are registered at the US Copyright Office. Copying or otherwise using registered works without permission, removing this or other copyright notices, and/or infringing related rights could make you liable to severe civil or criminal penalties.

Text on this website is copyright © Chris Woodford with copyright dates as noted in each individual article. All rights reserved. Full copyright notice and terms of use.

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Explain that stuff! Science and technology made simple

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A collection of FREE, easy-to-understand science, technology, and how-it-works articles for the whole family!

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by Richard H. Minear

Dr. Seuss (Theodor Seuss Geisel, 1904-1991) was a life-long cartoonist: in high school in Springfield, Massachusetts; in college at Dartmouth (Class of 1925); as an adman in New York City before World War II; in his many children's books, beginning with To Think That I Saw it on Mulberry Street (1937). Because of the fame of his children's books (and because we often misunderstand these books) and because his political cartoons have remained largely unknown, we do not think of Dr. Seuss as a political cartoonist. But for two years, 1941-1943, he was the chief editorial cartoonist for the New York newspaper PM (1940-1948), and for that journal he drew over 400 editorial cartoons.

The Dr. Seuss Collection in the Mandeville Special Collections Library at the University of California, San Diego, contains the original drawings and/or newspaper clippings of all of these cartoons. This website makes these cartoons available to all internet users. The cartoons have been scanned from the original newspaper clippings in the UCSD collection.

Dr. Seuss Goes to War by historian Richard H. Minear (The New Press, 1999) reproduced some two hundred of the PM cartoons. That means that two hundred of the cartoons available here have received no airing or study since their original appearance in PM. The cartoons Dr. Seuss published in other journals are even less known; there is no mention of them in Dr. Seuss Goes to War. Dr. Seuss also drew a set of war bonds "cartoons" which appeared in many newspapers as well as in PM. They are the following:

In Dr. Seuss & Mr. Geisel: A Biography (Random House, 1995; p 100), Judith and Neil Morgan recount the story of how Dr. Seuss and PM joined forces in 1941:

Ted [Dr. Seuss] was haunted by the war in Europe, and one evening in Manhattan he showed an editorial cartoon he had drawn to his friend Zinny Vanderlip Schoales, the brilliant, hard-drinking intellectual.... She had joined the patrician liberal Ralph Ingersoll when he launched the tabloid newspaper PM in New York with the backing of Marshall Field III. Zinny took Ted's cartoon to Ingersoll and PM published it on January 30, 1941...

The PM cartoons in this website are arranged in chronological order, by year, by month, by day. These images are also browsable by subject terms, e.g., Hitler, Japan.

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Dr. Seuss (Theodor Seuss Geisel, 1904-1991) was a life-long cartoonist: in high school in Springfield, Massachusetts; in college at Dartmouth (Class of 1925); as an adman in New York City before World War II; in his many children's books, beginning with To Think That I Saw it on Mulberry Street (1937).

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View captivating images and news briefs about critical government decisions, medical discoveries, technology breakthroughs, and more. From this page, you'll see news events organized chronologically by month and separated into four categories: World News, U.S. News, Disaster News, and Science & Technology News.

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Films For Action: A Library for Changing the World

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Browse and watch 5000+ documentaries and videos - 99% free. No ads. Submit films. Share with friends. Let’s change the world together!

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‣ A K1-k12 online teaching tool for literacy skills

‣ Easy to use, creative, interactive, and FREE 24/7

‣ Unique and Inspiring; using photography and keywords

‣ Global appeal & usage with multiple subjects

‣ High-quality, safe content for sharing

‣ Appropriate for all demographics

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‣ A K1-k12 online teaching tool for literacy skills ‣ Easy to use, creative, interactive, and FREE 24/7 ‣ Unique and Inspiring; using photography and keywords ‣ Global appeal & usage with multiple subjects ‣ High-quality, safe content for sharing ‣ Appropriate for all demographics

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Today's newspapers. Today's press covers. Kiosko.net

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Today's newspapers. More than 1,000 newspapers around the world. Today's edition. International newspapers, financial and sports newspapers, tabloids, regional newspapers and local press. Best virtual newsstand on the internet

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As of Monday, October 24, content that was on TweenTribune.com will now be available here on our new educational resources page and on our learning pages. While much of the content that you enjoyed will still exist, educators will unfortunately no longer be able to assign content to students. Tween…

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Search our rich collection of reading and data comprehension questions, cross-curricular discussion prompts, hands-on activities and timely Educator Guides tied to the award-winning journalism in Science News magazine.

TIP! Once you've searched by keyword, you can refine your search by topic, exercise type, date and NGSS-Disciplinary Core Ideas to find the resources that best support your teaching goals.

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In this guide, students will answer questions about how scientists discovered that octopuses laying eggs in warm waters near geothermal springs are speeding up hatching. Students will then define rates and their units of measurement for biological and chemical processes and discuss factors that affect rates.

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Reading comprehension questions are tied to articles and graphs from Science News.

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Science News for Students covers science, health and technology for a younger audience, their parents and teachers. Stories are appropriate for readers grades 5 and up. Read Science News for Students.

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Skip to content Search our rich collection of reading and data comprehension questions, cross-curricular discussion prompts, hands-on activities and timely Educator Guides tied to the award-winning journalism in Science News magazine. TIP! Once you've searched by keyword, you can refine your search by topic, exercise type, date and NGSS-Disciplinary Core Ideas to find the resources that best support your teaching goals.