# data[].attributes.body
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1MxR6ac1-zFKchouv3ZX8cgGMMnRvC28Z

# data[].attributes.body
Stress can be caused by many things ranging from too much work to not enough sleep. Although stress can come from many places, it all causes people to feel closed off and without options. It can cause regret and sorrow. It can lead to depression and anxiety. In fact, too much stress can cause your heart to stop and kill you.  In order for one to maintain happiness, they have to be good at managing stress. This imply forward thinking and no procrastination. People who can manage stress better and therefore have less stress are proven to be happier than others.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
We've known for years that chronic stress is linked to physical and emotional problems, strained relationships, and serious mental health issues such as depression. What we know now is that stress also kills health, well-being and happiness at work. And when we are unhappy at work, we often become disengaged, cynical, and toxic to others. We do, of course, try to make things better-our survival instinct kicks in. But, too many of us try to counter the effects of stress by doing things that make it worse. Common (and unhealthy) coping mechanisms include overwork, isolation, and the ambition trap.

Overwork: When stressed and miserable we often log more hours, skip vacations and put our jobs before everything, including health and family. Even when we know overworking is hurting us, we keep doing it. We tell ourselves everyone works too much in our "always on" world. We're scared, maybe, of looking bad or falling behind. Or we constantly focus on that magical time-the end of the project, the weekend, summer vacation-when balance will return. But it never does. Instead, we burn out.

Isolation: When the heat's turned up, we metaphorically (and sometimes literally) shut the office door to keep demands-and people-at bay. This is a recipe for loneliness and a loss of a sense of belonging, something every human being wants and needs. And, if we happen to manage others, isolating ourselves leads to speculation (What's she doing in there?) and gossip (There must be a layoff coming; he won't even look at us). Before long, the team culture is toxic and everyone experiences even more stress.

Happiness traps: When stress takes its toll, some of us fall back on old patterns and habits of mind that may have served us well in the past, but don't any more. One of these is what I call the "ambition trap". This is when our achievement drive overheats, winning at all costs becomes a way of life, and we're always reaching for yet another brass ring. This trap is very common at work, in part because we've been rewarded for short-term goal achievement from our school days onward. The problem, of course, is that life begins to feel empty and meaningless when all we do is chase victories that in the end feel hollow.

In addition, some of us fall prey to the "should" trap: we constantly do what we think we should do, rather than what we want to do. When we're stuck like this we can find ourselves over-conforming or pretending to be someone we're not. This is soul-destroying. It's also hard work. It takes a lot of effort to live by "shoulds" that make no sense to us, or that push us in the wrong direction for years on end. And, lest you think that not many people do this, studies have shown that the majority of people " cover" at work. Some of us try to cover the un-coverable-our gender or race, for example. Having done this myself a time or two, I can testify to the stress this causes, the self-doubt, the sense of never being good enough. Others conceal differences in lifestyle-homosexuality, for example, is not something it is safe to share in many workplaces. Hiding something as important as our sexual orientation causes pain and stress, too. And even majority workers-white men-cover things that are not expected of them, like family strife, mental illness, and vulnerability.

None of these bad coping mechanisms work for very long, and in fact they cause more harm than good. Instead, we need to wake up to the fact that stress kills happiness and it kills effectiveness, too. Then we need to do something that will actually help us to move toward health, well-being and happiness at work.

It starts by recognizing that we've become "boiling frogs"-the heat has been rising so slowly that we haven't even noticed. All of sudden, usually because something goes really wrong (a health crisis, divorce, getting fired) we realize we need to get out. Wake-up calls like this are painful; hopefully, we notice alarm bells before they are dangerously loud. Either way, though, wake-up calls can be the beginning of self-awareness. Then, it takes courage and resolve to face the unpleasant reality of our work lives and vow to do something about it. To start we can direct our attention toward maximizing life-giving aspects of our work: purpose, hope, and friendships.

Purpose. When we focus on living our values and having positive impact at work, we reconnect with what's most important to us. Finding meaning in our work is deeply fulfilling and can help us to make the right decisions-for us and for others.

Hope. When we experience hope-optimism, a personally compelling vision of the future and the belief we can make it happen-we trigger physiological changes that actually counter the effects of stress.

Friendships. When we that believe people care about us, when we can lean in to our natural empathy and help others, and when we feel that we belong, we no longer feel alone. This, too, counters the effects of stress.

We don't have to settle for work lives full of stress that can literally kill us. Instead, we can engage our emotional intelligence. EI, it turns out, can help us to avoid burnout. We can also deliberately shift our mindset and focus on aspects of work and life that give us joy. Here are some practical tips to help turn the tide, so you will be better able to manage your stress, focus on purpose, hope and friendships and experience more happiness at work:

Add mindfulness practices to your daily life. Research is rapidly catching up with what people have known for eons: quiet reflection and deep breathing calm us down. And we don't need to meditate for hours or do yoga every day; just a few minutes alone, focusing on breathing and emptying our minds, shifts our nervous system from high-alert to resting and ready. There are lots of ways to do this-a walk in nature (without your phone); ten minutes of quiet time before getting up in the morning; a few minutes of conscious breathing before a meeting. Try a few mindfulness practices, find one that works for you, then try to do it every day. It will help.

Find something to care about that's bigger than you. Having a meaningful cause makes life feel worthwhile. For many people, one cause that matters a lot is our family. If this is true for you, make it more real by deciding to spend more time "present" with your family. Put the devices away. Then, all you need to do is talk, listen and love. Love, it's been discovered, is the single most important factor in happiness in life.

Or, there are probably causes you care about in the world-animal welfare, eradicating poverty, fair and just treatment of all human beings. Now, find a way to do something about it, regularly. And at work? Almost everyone can find something important to care about in the workplace. Maybe you are lucky enough to belong to a profession or an organization with a noble purpose. But even if you don't, you can derive fulfillment from helping others, find joy in a job well done, and experience deep satisfaction by solving problems and fixing outdated ways of working.

Practice gratitude. Gratitude -like hope and compassion-triggers the parasympathetic nervous system. When we feel grateful for something or someone, our brain chemistry shifts and instead of breathing rapidly, we're getting more air. Our muscles relax, our thoughts clear, and we might even smile.

A final word on stress and happiness: no one's going to take stress out of your life and no one person is going to make you happy. True, people can help-a lot. But in the end it's up to each one of us to turn down the heat and seek happiness at work and in life, too.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
We've known for years that chronic stress is linked to physical and emotional problems, strained relationships, and serious mental health issues such as depression. What we know now is that stress also kills health, well-being and happiness at work. And when we are unhappy at work, we often become disengaged, cynical, and toxic to others.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
People often ask me: " What can I do to boost my happiness? "

I tell them that there are tons of things you can do, and even though I've written a book about how to increase happiness now, in the technology age , I often can only recall a handful of strategies to use in the moment. So I decided to create this complete guide for how to be happy, according to science. If you use these 23 practices consistently, you are very likely to increase your personal happiness (check out even more happiness-boosting strategies here ):

1. Find out what to do first.

2. Give yourself a confidence boost.

Why would you bother increasing your happiness if you didn't think you could be successful at it? You wouldn't. That's why it's so important to build your self-efficacy - to prove to yourself that you can increase your happiness. The best way to do this is by starting with easier skills - skills like gratitude or prioritizing spending time doing fun things . Get a quick win, and you'll be more confident that you really can change your life.

3. Fuel your progress by learning how to feel better about yourself.

You wouldn't practice math to get better at cooking. And you wouldn't learn another language to lose weight. To be happier, you'll likely make more progress by focusing on the skills that are most closely linked to happiness. In my research, the skill that usually turns out to be most closely linked to happiness is: positive self-views. Learning how to feel better about yourself - for example, by imagining your best possible self , noting your positive qualities , or identifying your strengths - can go a long way to increasing your happiness.

4. Create balance and overcome burnout.

How are you supposed to have the energy to be happier if you're stressed , exhausted ,and miserable from work? It will be really hard. Building new skills, skills that will help you be happier, will take time and energy. So it's helpful first to create better work-life balance .

5. Build a growth mindset for happiness.

A growth mindset refers to the belief that we can change ourselves. When we build a growth mindset for happiness , we believe we can change our happiness. This is super important, because if we don't believe we can increase our happiness, we won't even bother to try.

6. Make positive memories.

Every region in our brains can be strengthened through practice. If our brains are really good at remembering negative things that happen, it can be useful to strengthen the regions of the brain responsible for remembering positive things .

7. Find those silver linings.

8. Take breaks from social media.

Facebook tends to have a negative effect on our happiness . By choosing to take breaks from Facebook - or changing the way we use social media - we can boost our happiness.

9. Spend smarter for more happiness.

How we choose to spend our money impacts what we can do and how we live in ways that impact how happy we are . When we choose a less fancy house or car - things that don't bring us much happiness - we have more money to spend on adventures or on gifts for friends: things that actually do make us happier.

10. Communicate kindly.

When we are kind to others , we feel better about ourselves. We can do nice things for others , be empathetic , or we can just treat each other with respect, communicating kindly rather than assuming the worst .

11. End your negative patterns of thinking.

Let's face it: Sometimes we are what's making us miserable. We just can't stop thinking about how so-and-so wronged us, or how our life didn't turn out as we hoped. Negative thought processes - like worrying , ruminating , self-judgment , and fearing rejection - just keep us miserable and unable to move forward. When you find yourself thinking negatively, pause and refocus your thoughts . In time, your brain will be able to do this more easily on its own.

12. Find clarity.

How are you supposed to move your life forward when you don't even know what you feel or why you feel it? To become happier, try to gain clarity on your emotions ; find out what you're feeling and what caused those feelings .

13. Live your values.

14. Pay attention to the good.

15. Use your imagination to create the life you seek.

Did you know that your brain has a difficult time differentiating between things that happen in your imagination and things that happen in real life? So when you imagine something - even happiness - your brain acts as if it's real. We can use imagination to help create happiness out of thin air and enjoy our experiences more .

16. Stay mindful.

Sometimes we want to escape. The world seems dark and scary, but by practicing mindfulness we experience more fully both the positive and the negative - we are more fully engaged in our lives.

17. Explore what happiness means to you.

18. Go after life.

19. Speak up and be yourself.

20. Find your purpose.

We all want to feel like we made some sort of positive impact in this world, but sometimes we are uncertain of the type of impact we want to make. Explore exactly what gives you a sense of purpose and how you want to pursue this purpose to give your life a greater sense of meaning.

21. Build meaningful connections.

22. Get off the hedonic treadmill.

The "hedonic treadmill" refers to the tendency for us to return to our original happiness level over time. To boost your baseline-level happiness , you can try changing your physiology through nutrition and exercise. To maintain your happiness, you have to get out of your comfort zone and keep adding variety to your happiness plan .

23. Hold yourself accountable.

In sum, you can be happier. It's just a matter of building the right "happiness skills." If you need help putting this all together, check out my Happiness Program at berkeleywellbeing.com.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
People often ask me: " What can I do to boost my happiness? " I tell them that there are tons of things you can do, and even though I've written a book about how to increase happiness now, in the technology age , I often can only recall a handful of strategies to use in the moment.

# data[].attributes.body
Achieving happiness is like running a never ending race. We may fall behind, but what keeps us going is out determination and our motivation to win the race. Without this winning attitude, you won't win the race and without determination, you will not achieve happiness.

# data[].attributes.body
Happiness means something different to everyone. Some people find joy in helping others, while others may find it in playing sports. It is important for you to find out what makes you the most happy. Explore and try new things. Find happiness in the unknown because you could find it somewhere you never expected it to be. Don’t isolate your options and repeat the same thing over and over again. At best, you will find a new passion. At worst, at least you can say you’ve done that before.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
1. Carlos, 29. United States. I grew up in poverty. For me, happiness was (and I don't want to admit this, but still sometimes is) a roof over my head and food on the table. Nobody expected me to amount to much, and so amounting to anything past being a drug dealer or teenage absent father was success. I went to school, and I work as an accountant now. My debt prevents me from living the kind of life somebody with a degree and annual salary should. I face the same struggles my parents did, even though I did what I was 'supposed' to do to avoid them. This shaped what I believe happiness to be. Right now, it's being in the moment and being grateful for what you do have, and not constantly wanting more.

2. Min, 30. China. Happiness for us is very much about, well, fitting in. You want to appease other people. Making other people happy is your happiness. I theorize it kind of stems from ancient Eastern religions and the idea that we are all one (make your neighbor happy, you will be happy.)

3. Kayla, 23. United States. The American Dream is all about individuality. It's about succeeding past others. Unlike what Min said, you don't want to fit in. You want to do exceptionally well for yourself. It's about making your own luck.

4. Keij, 25. Switzerland. I was born there and lived there until age 7. The thing that really stands out for me is that for the Swiss, you don't ever want to flaunt your success or wealth. It's just not what you do. You don't want to make people envious of you. You don't want your happiness to turn into another person's anger. I want to say we consider each other far more, and we don't take so much stock in ego. It works, too. The Swiss are among the happiest people in the world. I'm not making that up. There was a report. [ Producer's note: you can check it out here.]

5. Tomas, 22. Greece. Happiness is finishing school, getting a stable job, and then getting to retire and be free of work, stress or health-related-ills. Working in youth is okay, it makes way to explore and think in the older years. You pay your dues. You're happy to do so. I am studying abroad right now (I'm in the U.S. for a few months) and the thing that shocks me most is how ungrateful people are about work. They consider it a chore, rather than a blessing.

6. Jorge, 33. Costa Rica. My country's way of thinking/motto is "Pura Vida." It's an expression to say "hi, what's up" to someone, but it's also the way we view life. We go by the Pura Vida lifestyle because happiness to us is just enjoying life and spending time with family and not putting too much emphasis on things like wealth and possessions.

7. Isah, 21. Philippines. For me, happiness is when I got up after being drowned by life's circumstances. I'm learning how to ride the waves. Keep learning, I told myself. It requires drowning from time to time and it's okay, that's what life is all about. But remember to share this light to the people you meet everyday. In my culture, people are family oriented so when there's a family reunion, I can say that happiness is in the air.

8. Micah, 31. Canada. I'm a student in the field of positive psychology. That is, I am in school for psychology and am doing research with my professor on happiness. My take on it can be summed up with a few points that science has gathered: Kindness is it's own reward. Mindfulness is brain training for happiness. Reframing negative thoughts boosts resilience. Actively pursuing happiness is a choice. Happiness is a choice.

9. Natasha, 20. Malaysia. (Yes the one that is infamous for the plane crashes, unfortunately). Happiness for me is contentment in doing everything in moderation. It is in being delighted over an amazing sunset. It is in recognizing that life is too short for you to be either too upset or too excited when things go wrong or when it goes your way. Happiness is finding joy in giving. And it is in existing in such a way that you make it slightly easier for everyone you meet along the way. Kindness grows. They grow into happiness.

10. Amr, 30. Egypt. When it comes to Middle Eastern perspective, you have to be in check with God on happiness... I may see it differently, as feedback from God, but I definitely believe happiness is seeking this kind of feedback for yourself. I personally feel happy and content when I think I was useful to someone else, and was able to give something to someone without anything in return... be it a small help, a sincere advise or even just sharing my soul through a smile.

11. Lara, 20. Germany. To me happiness means being content. It is living a moment fully, taking everything in, without comparing. It is a stage of doing, saying or experiencing something wholeheartedly. It is not the absence of anger, fear or anguish but the awareness that everything is worth it even if it's just for this very moment. Genuine happiness comes in a whisper but sometimes turns your world around. Happiness is a heart filled to the brim. In Germany happiness is often mistaken for joy or excitement, both of whom are limited and more superficial. There is often one specific reason for happiness. A person, a vacation, a letter, new shoes. People struggle to find happiness in the ordinary.

12. Krystle, 23. Philippines. I lived in the Philippines for a huge chunk of my life and I know that in our culture there is consistency in the belief that happiness is a choice. With hurricanes (search Filipinos having fun in the rain), volcano eruptions, or even with the lack of financial resources to find food and shelter for the general public, people seem to find humor in life. A lot of famous jokes are unfortunate events turned into something playful and positive.

13. Myroslava, 28. Ukraine. Unfortunately, our country is facing some real big problems these days, Ukrainians have to fight for their right to live in an independent country. A year ago they couldn't even have thought about war in Ukraine. But now it all has changed. And the way people look at life and happiness has drastically changed as well. For example, if you meet a stranger on a street and ask him/her what that person wishes for, he/she will probably tell you PEACE. Ukrainians (from little kids to old people) have learned to value peace and they do their best to end this stupid war and live happily in peace again. It seems to me that for us peace means happiness and that's all we dream about right now.

14. Kija, 34. Iraq. Happy is survival. For me and for my country.

15. Josh, 20. United States. Happiness is transcending the human condition. I am fortunate enough to live in a country where my basic needs are taken care of. There are two ways people take this: they get greedy and want more and more of the essentials (food, clothing, shelter) in grandiose and just completely unnecessary ways, or they realize that because those things are taken care of, they are free to find something more important. I hope to be the latter.

16. Abhishek, 30. India. Happiness is what I see in the eyes of a cow when she takes a chapati (bread) from my hand, or the stray dog who follows my mother in return of a kind pat and food. Happiness seeps from peace and satisfaction. Hindu mythology draws upon moksha (salvation) as the root for all that encompasses peace. Moksha leads to ananda (happiness) and ultimately mukti (liberation).

17. Janina, 16. Philippines. For us here, happiness is laughter with great company through the toughest of times. Laughing is our go-to stress reliever. It's sharing heaps of food and conversations with family and/or friends. It's watching tv shows and daily soap operas, may it be local or international. Happiness is taking 30 minutes to say hello and later another 30 minutes to say goodbye to people at a party. It's being a part of one big family and where Christmas is really the best time of the year. It's knowing that street food isn't quite sanitary but it's cheap and tastes so damn good. Happiness is new babies, pleasant security guards and employees, red envelopes filled with birthday money, Coca-Cola and roadtrips to the beach.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
17 People From Around The World On What What Happiness Means To Them And Their Culture

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
1. Carlos, 29. United States. I grew up in poverty. For me, happiness was (and I don't want to admit this, but still sometimes is) a roof over my head and food on the table. Nobody expected me to amount to much, and so amounting to anything past being a drug dealer or teenage absent father was success.

# data[].attributes.body
Those who know what they want to accomplish with their life and those with a sense of purpose will have an easier time attaining happiness because they have a reason to get out of bed every day. They have something to motivate them to keep moving forward.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Money and happiness get all of the ink, but living with purpose might be the truest and straightest line to health and happiness. Researchers in the cutting-edge field of positive psychology ("hey, let's study what is good about our brains and behavior rather than all this dysfunction") have discovered individuals who feel a "meaningfulness" or purpose in life report less pain and reduced anxiety over a six-month period than volunteer subjects who score lower for meaning in their lives.

Other studies show purpose in life can significantly reduce stress and, in turn, discourage related substance abuse. Research also shows life purpose can decrease episodes of depression.

A 2006 University of Missouri study found that the life purpose of believing in God and participating in spiritual practice helped African-American women to better confront and overcome a breast cancer diagnosis. Interestingly, the researchers found spirituality leads to better information-gathering on the part of patients. The study was published in the journal Integrative Medicine Insights.

"We found that spirituality positively affected African-American women's willingness to talk about breast cancer, pay attention to information about breast cancer and engage in preventive measures," said Glenn Leshner, associate professor of radio-television in Missouri's School of Journalism and a co-author of the study.
You Can Do It
Finding purpose in life is almost always going to involve relationships (becoming a monk perhaps being the exception).

University of Washington marriage researcher John Gottman is well respected for his practical advice on building relationships, which he dispenses after a couple of decades of conducting studies on the subject.

Gottman suggested that we concentrate on the positives and make it a point to avoid negative interactions. In fact, he says every negative action or comment in an important relationship will require five positive interactions to "offset the emotional damage." Controlling your negative actions will enhance your relationship, and leave more time and energy for being positive.
What if You Slip?
Richard J. Leider is an author and CEO of The Inventure Group, a Minneapolis-based consulting firm that works with executives and organizations about find your life's purpose and calling. He gives clients a checklist of "exercises" to discover a deeper meaning and purpose:

Reflection: At the end of each day, review which activities have been "life-giving" and which are "life-draining."

Meditation: A method to break away from technology that might be "life-draining." Meditation can revive you while providing some peace and quiet.

Journaling: Leider suggests writing about the life-giving and life-draining experiences, especially to discover ways to get more of the former and less of the latter.

Prayer: Studies cited by the University of Minnesota Center for Spirituality and Healing show that regular prayer, however you practice it, can help you reach clearheadedness more frequently and reliably.
Best of All
Living with purpose gives you a recurring touchstone or goal, which leads to feeling less anxious about your direction in life. That underlying calm about your life can pay big health dividends.

Plus, get this. Being more calm about your life direction and purpose typically leads to being more organized.

That sort of result is no doubt a healthier way to meet the holiday season - and not spend too much time looking for your keys.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Money and happiness get all of the ink, but living with purpose might be the truest and straightest line to health and happiness.

# data[].attributes.body
Those we hold dearest have a very big impact on our happiness. First of all, they are there when we need it the most. They are there when we have reached a point in our lives where we need support from others. Without a strong support system, one will struggle to find happiness. It also helps to prevent loneliness and make us feel like we always have someone to go to when we are in trouble.

# data[].attributes.body
Without the necessities like food, water, sleep, and enough resources to support you and you loved ones, achieving happiness is close to impossible.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
A recent Oxfam report on soaring global inequality warned that by next year, if current wealth-gap trends hold, the richest 1 percent may own more wealth than the remaining 99 percent. Oxfam's calculations of the wealth of the most fortunate relied upon Forbes' annual list of billionaires, many of whom are American, including eight out of the top ten. The rest of us may fantasize about joining their company-and if reality TV is any indication, we do-but does wealth really make rich people happier in their daily lives?

Not really, according to research published in a recent issue of Social Psychological and Personality Science by scholars from Michigan State University and the University of British Columbia. But a lack of wealth does make poor people sadder.

Studying a regular day in the lives of several people from different social strata, the researchers found "no trace of a relationship between income and happiness," writing that "this finding, however, dovetails with recent theory and research showing that wealth may undermine people's ability to savor positive events, largely canceling out the happiness benefits of higher income." In other words, the sheer abundance of experiences and possessions available to the rich at all times makes regular days seem dreadfully dull. So much for champagne wishes and caviar dreams.

Yet, though the wealthy don't appear to receive a joy bump from their income, the poor do suffer from greater daily sadness than the rich. Controlled for daily activities-from commuting, to socializing, to talking on the phone-researchers found that "poorer people feel sadder than wealthier people because income predicts greater sadness throughout the day regardless of what people are doing." That is, differences in activities don't explain the sadness gap and blue-collar blues can't be chalked up even to the misery of low-income working conditions. The researchers also controlled for stress-the poor suffer a great deal more of it-and concluded that the psychological burdens of poverty don't sufficiently explain the greater sadness endured by the poor.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Wealth Doesn't Make the Rich Happier, But Poverty Makes the Poor Sadder

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
A recent Oxfam report on soaring global inequality warned that by next year, if current wealth-gap trends hold, the richest 1 percent may own more wealth than the remaining 99 percent. Oxfam's calculations of the wealth of the most fortunate relied upon Forbes' annual list of billionaires, many of whom are American, including eight out of the top ten.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Determination & Motivation
2) Family & Friends
3) Purpose in life
4) Basic Necessities of life
5) Stress Management skills

# data[].attributes.body
"Salem folk believed that the virgin forest was the Devil’s last preserve, his home base and the citadel of his final stand. To the best of their knowledge the American forest was the last place on earth that was not paying homage to God (Miller, 43)."
This quotes shows how religion may lead to happiness because you know your purpose in life. You can wake up knowing that you have a purpose in life. This makes attaining happiness much easier.

# data[].attributes.body
“Life is much more successfully looked at from a single window (Fitzgerald, 97). " - This shows how if you focus on the happy things and have an optimistic view of life in life, you will be more successful and happy in life.

# data[].attributes.body
The world happiness report analyses happiness around the world and found that, “All the top countries tend to have high values for all six of the key variables that have been found to support well-being: income, healthy life expectancy, social support, freedom, trust and generosity.”  All of these key factors help countries like Finland become the happiest in the world.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
The overall rankings of country happiness are based on the pooled results from Gallup World Poll surveys from 2015-2017, and show both change and stability. There is a new top ranking country, Finland, but the top ten positions are held by the same countries as in the last two years, although with some swapping of places. Four different countries have held top spot in the four most recent reports- Denmark, Switzerland, Norway and now Finland.

All the top countries tend to have high values for all six of the key variables that have been found to support well-being: income, healthy life expectancy, social support, freedom, trust and generosity. Among the top countries, differences are small enough that that year-to-year changes in the rankings are to be expected.

The analysis of happiness changes from 2008-2010 to 2015-2015 shows Togo as the biggest gainer, moving up 17 places in the overall rankings from the last place position it held as recently as in the 2015 rankings. The biggest loser is Venezuela, down 2.2 points on the 0 to 10 scale.

Five of the report's seven chapters deal primarily with migration, as summarized in Chapter 1. For both domestic and international migrants, the report studies not just the happiness of the migrants and their host communities, but also of those left behind, whether in the countryside or in the source country. The results are generally positive.

Perhaps the most striking finding of the whole report is that a ranking of countries according to the happiness of their immigrant populations is almost exactly the same as for the rest of the population. The immigrant happiness rankings are based on the full span of Gallup data from 2005 to 2017, sufficient to have 117 countries with more than 100 immigrant respondents.

The ten happiest countries in the overall rankings also ll ten of the top eleven spots in the ranking of immigrant happiness. Finland is at the top of both rankings in this report, with the happiest immigrants, and the happiest population in general.

The closeness of the two rankings shows that the happiness of immigrants depends predominantly on the quality of life where they now live, illustrating a general pattern of convergence. Happiness can change, and does change, according to the quality of the society in which people live. Immigrant happiness, like that of the locally born, depends on a range of features of the social fabric, extending far beyond the higher incomes traditionally thought to inspire and reward migration. The countries with the happiest immigrants are not the richest countries, but instead the countries with a more balanced set of social and institutional supports for better lives.

While convergence to local happiness levels is quite rapid, it is not complete, as there is a 'footprint' effect based on the happiness in each source country. This effect ranges from 10% to 25%. This footprint effect, explains why immigrant happiness is less than that of the locals in the happiest countries, while being greater in the least happy countries.

A very high proportion of the international differences in immigrant happiness (as shown in Chapter 2), and of the happiness gains for individual migrants (as studied in Chapters 3 and 5) are thus explained by local happiness and source country happiness.

The explanation becomes even more complete when account is taken of international differences in a new Gallup index of migrant acceptance, based on local attitudes towards immigrants, as detailed in an Annex to the Report. A higher value for migrant acceptance is linked to greater happiness for both immigrants and the native-born, by almost equal amounts.

The report studies rural-urban migration as well, principally through the recent Chinese experience, which has been called the greatest mass migration in history. That migration shows some of the same convergence characteristics of the international experience, with the happiness of city-bound migrants moving towards, but still falling below urban averages.

The importance of social factors in the happiness of all populations, whether migrant or not, is emphasized in Chapter 6, where the happiness bulge in Latin America is found to depend on the greater warmth of family and other social relationships there, and to the greater importance that people there attach to these relationships.

The Report ends on a different tack, with a focus on three emerging health problems that threaten happiness: obesity, the opioid crisis, and depression. Although set in a global context, most of the evidence and discussion are focused on the United States, where the prevalence of all three problems has been growing faster and further than in most other countries.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The World Happiness Report is a publication of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, powered by data from the Gallup World Poll and Lloyd's Register Foundation, who provided access to the World Risk Poll. The 2021 Report includes data from the ICL-YouGov Behaviour Tracker as part of the COVID Data Hub from the Institute of Global Health Innovation.

# data[].attributes.body
Holden finds himself unhappy throughout the book because he is lacking in the 5 things required for happiness. He does not have a strong support system because he is isolated from his family. He doesn't know his purpose in life so he has no reason to get out of bed in the morning. He also lacks determination and motivation to achieve happiness. All of these necessities which he lacks causes him to be unhappy.

# data[].attributes.body
“Every day is a new day. It is better to be lucky. But I would rather be exact. Then when luck comes you are ready (Hemingway, 41).” This shows how the old man does not leave his fate up to luck. He takes control and is determined to create a positive outcome in any situation no matter whether he is luck or not.

"It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast. The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled; it looked like the flag of permanent defeat. (Hemingway, 12)."

The old man, through his tough and brutal years, still maintained his determination and winning attitude even when his body was growing old from age.  He did not give up. Even after going 40 days without a single fish, he didn't give up.

# data[].attributes.headline
"Living A Blissful Life" By: Morgan Meredith 

# data[].attributes.subject
"Living A Blissful Life" By: Morgan Meredith 