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As Africans moved into increasingly segregated and isolated territories, what became the bantustans population grew from 4.2 million people in 1960 to 11 million in 1980. This turned densely populated towns the norm for bantustans, with communities that had never lived side by side suddenly forced to live together on the basis of ethnicity, often resulting in significant and violent tensions.

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led to dependency on the white economy

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The first Bantustan Act was released in 1951, however in the subsequent years more acts were implemented which further restricted the movement and rights of Africans.

Such as the Citizenship Act which guaranteed Africans citizenship within their native reserve, however, that indirectly made them non-citizens in the Union of South Africa.

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Minimal resources were dedicated to Bantusta

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Minimal resources were dedicated to Bantusta

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Limited their capacity to develop and grow

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The blacks that lived in the bantustans daily left their homelands to work for white farmers, mines and industries in the cities as there were more job opportunities there. There was little land that was owned by the blacks in the homelands and most of it was poor and agriculturally unproductive due to factors like overgrazing, soil erosion and a dense population that used the land for settlement.

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The people of Transkei voices were muted and they are a perfect representation of other African groups who were disregarded politically. They did not want chief Mantanzima to be their leader because he was not the rightful hierarchical leader. Eitherway, Verwoerd still appointed Mantanzima as paramount chief

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The people of Transkei voices were muted and they are a perfect representation of other African groups who were disregarded politically. They did not want chief Mantanzima to be their leader because he was not the rightful hierarchical leader. Eitherway, Verwoerd still appointed Mantanzima as paramount chief

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Chief Kaiser Mantanzima of Transkei is an example of local chiefs who benefited from establishment of Bantustans. These chiefs benefited from prestige political backing from the state and wealth

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Chief Kaiser Mantanzima of Transkei is an example of local chiefs who benefited from establishment of Bantustans. These chiefs benefited from prestige political backing from the state and wealth

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However, 80% of people lived under the poverty line meaning the raise was much more than they could actually afford therefore leading to boycotts.

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The local homeland economies were not developed = they relied on the white South Africans economy

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The local homeland economies were not developed = they relied on the white South Africans economy

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The others remained self governing but had no independent rights 

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The others remained self governing but had no independent rights 

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Bantustans were created under the pretext of creating autonomous African states, in which the rights of Africans' would be preserved and valued.

By implementing these native reserves, the Afrikaner government used this as an opportunity to fully deprive Africans of their rights and value within South Africa.

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in the 1970's the South African government declared the following bantustans "independent"

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in the 1970's the South African government declared the following bantustans "independent"

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- Transkei- 1976
- Bophuthatswana- 1977
- Venda- 1979
- Liskei - 1981

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The bantu homeland citizenship act of 1970 did not give black South Africans citizenship or cilvil and political rights 

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The bantu homeland citizenship act of 1970 did not give black South Africans citizenship or cilvil and political rights 

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Bantustans relied almost entirely on White South Africa's economy. The blacks owned only 13% of South Africa's land, out of which most of the farm land was in poor conditions due to soil erosion and over grazing.

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Apartheid government made it legal for blacks to be come citizens of their independent bantustans 

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Apartheid government made it legal for blacks to be come citizens of their independent bantustans 

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Homelands were separated by tribes. The impact of this Is to give tribes the feeling of superiority so tribes would not work together to challenge the law

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Homelands were separated by tribes. The impact of this Is to give tribes the feeling of superiority so tribes would not work together to challenge the law

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Relocation of individuals that ties to certain Bantustans 

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Relocation of individuals that ties to certain Bantustans 

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was expensive therefor leading people to loose jobs

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It was set up to give the blacks the responsibility of running their own independent governments 

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It was set up to give the blacks the responsibility of running their own independent governments 

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The term that was used consistently was “White South Africa” as the Government aimed to move every Black person to his or her respective ethnic homeland in order to have South Africa completely in the hands of the White population.

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The term that was used consistently was “White South Africa” as the Government aimed to move every Black person to his or her respective ethnic homeland in order to have South Africa completely in the hands of the White population.

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The Bantustans were a major administrative mechanism for the removal of blacks from the South African political system 

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The Bantustans were a major administrative mechanism for the removal of blacks from the South African political system 

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Oliver Tambo, the African National Congress leader, and Nelson Mandela, the ANC deputy leader, sent messages of encouragement to the boycotters.

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Oliver Tambo, the African National Congress leader, and Nelson Mandela, the ANC deputy leader, sent messages of encouragement to the boycotters.

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black population was moved to prevent them living in urban areas of South Africa

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black population was moved to prevent them living in urban areas of South Africa

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https://nvdatabase.swarthmore.edu/content/south-africans-successfully-boycott-buses-johannesburg-1957

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Impact of the Bantustan system on individuals

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Impact of the Bantustan system on individuals

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https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/homelands

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bantustan
http://africanhistory.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.001.0001/acrefore-9780190277734-e-80