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Sex Chromosomes: a chromosome, differing in shape or function from other chromosomes, that determines the sex of an individual.

Autosomes: Any chromosome other than sex chromosome

Differences and Similarities: some similarities are they have the similar genes to carried into autosomes some differences are every autosome  is a chromosome whereas all chromosomes are not autosomes
Relationship: they’re both cells

Human Connection: Autosomes which are the first 22 pairs and Sex Chromosomes are what determine the gender

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Moises Bazan and Andrew Corzo

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Sexual Reproduction: The production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals of different types (sexes). In most higher organisms, one sex (male) produces a small motile gamete which travels to fuse with a larger stationary gamete produced by the other (female)

Asexual Reproduction: Is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of the parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes.

Fertilization: The action or process of fertilizing an egg, female animal, or plant, involving the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.

Differences and Similarities: The differences between Sexual and Asexual Reproduction are that Sexual Reproduction just means combining genetic material from two parents. For the Asexual produces offspring genetically identical to the one parent. The Similarities of Sexual Reproduction and Asexual is that they both reproduce

Relationship: sexual reproduction is two parent cells and a sexual is genetic copy of the one parent cell

Human Connection: Sexual Reproduction is any form resulting in human fertilization, typically involving sexual intercourse. Fertilization is the interaction between the male and female reproductive systems results in fertilization in the woman’s ovum

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Homologous Chromosome: Two Chromosomes, one of paternal origin, the other of maternal origin, that are identical in appearance and pair during meiosis.

Karyotype: The chromosomes of a cell, usually displayed as a systematized arrangement of chromosome pairs in descending order of size.

Differences and Similarities: they’re both a type of cell. Homologous pair have the same genes as the same loci but possibly different alleles
Relationship: they are both cells

Human Connection: Humans have two homologous chromosomes sets in each cell. A typical human karyotype has 46 chromosomes.

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Mitosis vs Meiosis: Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells developing from a single parent cell. Meiosis is found sexual reproduction of organisms.

Two Factor vs One Factor Cross: Only one trait is used in the genetic cross, the heterozygous offspring. Offspring will have combination of two alleles.

Law of Segregation: During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. Genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes.

Law of Independent Assortment: states that the alleles has of two (or more) different genes get sorted into gametes independently of one another. In other words, the allele a gamete receives for one gene does not influence the allele received for another gene

Crossing Over: The exchange of genes between homologous chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of parental characteristics in offspring

Differences and Similarities: Mitosis And Meiosis cross over mitosis chromosome number is reduced by half. Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment: differences are law of independent assortment describes how alleles of different genes independently segregate from each other during the formation of gametes. Some similarities are there both laws

Human Connection: Mitosis is a fundamental process of life. Meiosis makes sure we have the right number of chromosomes in each generation. Law of Segregation says that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation. Law of Independent Assortment says that when two or more characteristics are inherited, individual hereditary factors assort independently during gamete production

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Diploid: Containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid: Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Differences and Similarities: differences of haploid and diploid cells is haploid cells and diploid cells have two complete sets of chromosomes a similarly is that they have the same amount of chromosomes

Relationship: haploid cells are the result of meiosis a diploid cell is a cell containing two sets of chromosomes comes to be known as a diploid cell

Human Connection: All or nearly all mammals are diploid organisms. Haploid are found in sex cells, or gametes of our body.

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Somatic: “Relating to the body, especially as distinct from the mind”

Gamete: A mature haploid male or female germ cell which is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote.

Difference and Similarities: Some similarities are they have the same genetic code they both go through mitosis. Some differences are the somatic cells are not invoked in any kinds of sexual reproduction

Gametes and Somatic have a relationship : there relationship is that gametes are sex cells that have n number of chromosomes and somatic have 2n number of chromosomes

Human Connection: Gametes contain half the chromosomes contained in normal diploid cells of the body which are also known as somatic cells.