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The moon revolves around earth at approximately 2288 miles per hour meaning that it it makes a full revolution every 29.5 days. During that time the moon goes through 8 phases. Those phases are the new moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter moon, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter moon, and waning crescent. 

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The moon revolves around earth at approximately 2288 miles per hour meaning that it it makes a full revolution every 29.5 days. During that time the moon goes through 8 phases. Those phases are the new moon, waxing crescent, 1st quarter moon, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, last quarter moon, and waning crescent. 

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The lunar eclipse or blood moon occurs about 2 times every year. During this time on a full moon, the moon passes directly in earth's shadow the inner shadow is called the umbra and the outer shadow is the penumbra. While in the shadow on a total lunar eclipse the moon will have a red glow due to the earth's atmosphere as well as, what the temperature is, the amount of dust, and the humidity (this can affect the color the moon appears).

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The lunar eclipse or blood moon occurs about 2 times every year. During this time on a full moon, the moon passes directly in earth's shadow the inner shadow is called the umbra and the outer shadow is the penumbra. While in the shadow on a total lunar eclipse the moon will have a red glow due to the earth's atmosphere as well as, what the temperature is, the amount of dust, and the humidity (this can affect the color the moon appears).

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During the new moon phase the sun can appear to be covered by something that something is the moon. A total solar eclipse happens about 2-4 times per year but the reason behind why it seems so rare is because it only covers about 50 miles of land each time it occurs, the inner shadow is called the umbra and the outer shadow is called the penumbra. When a total solar eclipse happens there is always a rim of light, that rim of light is called the corona, and the sun's corona is usually only visible during a solar eclipse.

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During the new moon phase the sun can appear to be covered by something that something is the moon. A total solar eclipse happens about 2-4 times per year but the reason behind why it seems so rare is because it only covers about 50 miles of land each time it occurs, the inner shadow is called the umbra and the outer shadow is called the penumbra. When a total solar eclipse happens there is always a rim of light, that rim of light is called the corona, and the sun's corona is usually only visible during a solar eclipse.

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his image broadens our knowledge in a way to where we can have the knowledge to visualize what it might look like using the image.

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This image broadens our knowledge about lunar eclipse because many people have not seen one, so this can be their first witnessing of it.

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This image broadens our knowledge in a way we can visualize what it would be like if we were to tell someone about it.

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This image can help broaden our knowledge to the point if we were to take a test we could simply remember the picture in our heads and put it into action

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There are 2 types of tides spring tides and neap tides. Spring tides are the largest low and high tides. This occurs when the moon is either in the full or new moon phase, and due to this the sun and moons gravitational pull work together and have a higher gravitational force. Neap tides on the other hand are the exact opposite. Neap tides have a low gravitational pull due to the right angular position of the sun and moon making it have the lowest low and high tides.

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There are 2 types of tides spring tides and neap tides. Spring tides are the largest low and high tides. This occurs when the moon is either in the full or new moon phase, and due to this the sun and moons gravitational pull work together and have a higher gravitational force. Neap tides on the other hand are the exact opposite. Neap tides have a low gravitational pull due to the right angular position of the sun and moon making it have the lowest low and high tides.

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The Universe: The Phases of the Moon | History

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pay attention to subtitle

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See How the Moon Causes Huge Waves on this River | National Geographic

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I chose this article because when I read it it was not like all the other articles it had an interesting way of teaching me about new facts. I loved  this article and I hope you will too.

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Sequential images of the moon show the change inflicted by a penumbral eclipse. The images were taken April 25, 2013, by space enthusiast Stanislaus Ronny Terence of Chennai, India, during a trip to Frankfurt, Germany.

Credit: Stanislaus Ronny Terence

2018 features two lunar eclipses, one in January and the other in July. On Jan. 31, there was a spectactular Super Blue Blood Moon eclipse. The July 27 Blood Moon will be the longest total lunar eclipse of the 21st century. Both will be total lunar eclipses, when the full moon passes through Earth's shadow.

Lunar eclipses are visible from anywhere on Earth where it is nighttime. However, the duration of the eclipse you see will depend on how close to moonrise or moonset the eclipse starts in your location. During total lunar eclipses, the moon turns a deep red color when it enters the depths of Earth's shadow. So why doesn't the moon just look like it's in darkness? The color change happens because Earth's atmosphere acts as both a lens and a scattering medium for the sun's light.

As light passes through any medium, it slows down a bit, and bends. So some sunlight gets bent toward the moon's surface as it passes through Earth's atmosphere during an eclipse. If you were standing on the moon, observing the Earth during a lunar eclipse, you'd see a ring of light around the Earth's edge as it passed in front of the sun. In addition to the bending, air scatters short-wavelength light more than longer-wavelength light. Colors such as green and blue have shorter wavelengths than red or orange, so they scatter more - and what's left is the redder end of the spectrum. [ Blood Moon 2018: Longest Total Lunar Eclipse of Century Occurs July 27]

This graph shows the path of the July 2018 total lunar eclipse, and times when the event will be visible.

Credit: NASA

Update for Jul. 27: For full coverage of the Blood Moon eclipse of July 2018, visit our main guide here: Blood Moon 2018: Longest Total Lunar Eclipse of Century Occurs July 27

July's eclipse will be partially visible from the east coast of South America as the moon rises. For example, observers in Rio de Janeiro will see the moon already deep in the umbral shadow of Earth as it comes up at 5:27 p.m. local time. About 45 minutes later, at 6:13 p.m., the moon will touch the edge of the umbra and begin coming out. It will emerge from the umbra at 7:19 p.m., and the penumbral phase will end at 8:28 p.m.

In Europe, observers will be in a similar situation. Londoners will see the moon rise at 8:51 p.m. local time, when the moon will already be in shadow, with the maximum eclipse occurring at 9:21 p.m. The moon will emerge from the umbra at 11:19 p.m. [ Total Lunar Eclipse This Friday: How to Watch Online]

In Athens, Greece, the penumbral phase of the eclipse will already be underway at moonrise (9:24 p.m. local time), and the umbral phase will start at 10:30 p.m. The maximal eclipse will happens at 11:21 p.m., and the moon will move into the penumbra at 1:19 a.m. By 2:28 a.m., it will have exited the penumbral shadow completely.

Skywatchers in New Delhi and other areas of central Asia will see the eclipse peak near midnight. In New Delhi, the penumbral eclipse will start at 10:44 p.m. local time, when the moon will be well above the horizon, and the umbral phase will begin at 11:54 p.m. The moon will appear to turn red soon after 1:00 a.m. on July 28. It will reach the edge of the umbra at 2:43 a.m. and will emerge from the umbra at 3:49 a.m. [ Here's How Friday's Superlong Lunar Eclipse Works]

In Cape Town, South Africa, the penumbral eclipse will start at 7:14 p.m. local time, with the umbral phase following at 8:24 p.m. Maximal eclipse occurs at 10:21 p.m.; by that point, the moon will have looked red for about 40 minutes. The umbral phase ends at 11:13 p.m.

In parts of Australia, the moon will be setting as the eclipse progresses. In Melbourne, for example, the moon will touch the umbral shadow at 4:24 a.m. and will become a Blood Moon at about 5:30 a.m. local time; the maximal eclipse will occur at 6:21 a.m. By the time the moon sets, at 7:28 a.m., the moon will be coming out of the umbra, but it won't emerge until the moon is below the horizon. [ This Friday, Learn Why 'Space is Awesome' with NBC Livestream]

This graph shows the path of the January 2018 total lunar eclipse, and times when the event will be visible.

Credit: NASA

Update for Jan. 31: For full coverage of the Super Blue Blood Moon eclipse of 2018, visit our main guide here: Super Blue Blood Moon 2018: Complete Lunar Eclipse Coverage!

On Jan. 31, the first lunar eclipse of the year will be visible from eastern Europe and eastern Africa, and from there eastward all the way to western South America. In Australia and eastern Asia, the eclipse will occur in late evening or near midnight local time, and this is where the moon will be highest in the sky.

The year's next eclipse will be on the night of July 27, or the wee hours of July 28 depending on the time zone, and the center of the eclipse visibility region is on the Indian Ocean. The eclipse will be fully or partly visible in South America, Africa, central Asia and India, and parts of Australia.

Viewers in New York City will have a chance to catch the January eclipse, but the July event will be below the horizon because it will be daytime in the U.S.

On Jan. 31, people on the U.S. East Coast will be able to see the moon enter Earth's penumbra - the lighter, outer part of the shadow - at 5:51 a.m. local time. The penumbra darkens the moon only a little; it is often hard to notice the difference in the moon's color. The moon will touch the umbra - the darker part of the shadow that produces the distinctive darkening and reddening of the moon during an eclipse - at 6:48 a.m. local time. The moon sets only 16 minutes later, so viewers on the Eastern Seaboard will see only the first part of the eclipse; they won't be able to see our lunar companion transform into a full "Blood Moon." [ In Photos: The Rare Super Blue Blood Moon Eclipse of 2018]

As you travel west, the eclipse starts earlier, so more of it will be visible before moonset. Chicagoans, for example, will see the moon touch the penumbra at 4:51 a.m. local time and the umbra at 5:48 a.m., with the moon turning the characteristic red at 6:51 a.m. However, at that point, the moon will be only about three moon diameters above the western horizon, so observers should be sure to find a viewing spot with a clear view. That can make for some dramatic photos as the moon sets at 7:03 a.m.

People on the West Coast will be able to see the whole total phase of the eclipse, which starts at 3:48 a.m. local time. The moon will start to pass out of the umbra at 6:07 a.m. and will set at 6:54 a.m., before it fully emerges from the umbral shadow. (It will be mostly out, but not all the way.)

In Hawaii, the moon will start turning red at 1:48 a.m. local time and completely enter the Earth's umbra and 2:51 a.m. Maximum eclipse occurs at 3:29 a.m. and the moon exits the umbra by 5:11 a.m.

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Lunar Eclipse 2018 Guide: When, Where & How to See the Blood Moon

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2018 features two lunar eclipses, one in January and the other in July. On Jan. 31, there was a spectactular Super Blue Blood Moon eclipse. The July 27 Blood Moon will be the longest total lunar eclipse of the 21st century. Both will be total lunar eclipses, when the full moon passes through Earth's shadow.

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I always trust national geographic and when I read this article they still have not failed on blowing me away. That is why I chose this article.

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Humans have recorded solar eclipses for millennia, and references to them can be found in some of humanity's earliest texts, such as ancient Chinese academic documents. Debate even swirls around a line from Homer's Odyssey-"The sun has been obliterated from the sky"-and whether it can be tied to a historic eclipse.

Through the ages, the sudden darkening of the sun has been seen as a signal of the displeasure of the gods or an omen of bad things to come. But once astronomers figured out how solar eclipses worked, they became events to be studied and celebrated.

Solar eclipses happen only during a new moon, when the lunar orb moves between Earth and the sun. However, because the moon orbits Earth at a slight angle, the three bodies will only periodically line up on the same plane to create a solar eclipse.

During a total solar eclipse, the moon is in just the right position to briefly cast a shadow on our planet. As the moon moves and Earth spins, this shadow races across the planet's surface at some 1,400 miles an hour, creating a relatively narrow line called the path of totality. Only sky watchers within this line-typically 10,000 miles long and just 100 miles wide-experience a total solar eclipse. People near it see only a partial solar eclipse, in which not all of the sun is blotted out, while those farther away see no change at all.

Seeing a solar eclipse can be an unforgettable experience, but experts urge caution. Looking directly at the sun with your naked eyes, or through unprotected telescopes or binoculars, can cause eye damage and even permanent blindness. Special eclipse glasses that filter out the sun's most damaging rays can allow you to view the phenomenon safely, as can instruments fitted with solar filters, or simple devices called pinhole cameras that let you see a solar eclipse indirectly.

Following the path of totality

A total solar eclipse begins as a barely perceptible nibble out of the sun. Over the next hour or so, the darkness spreads and eventually consumes the solar disk, turning day to night. This state, called totality, can last as long as seven and a half minutes, although it is usually less than that. During totality, some stars and planets become visible, the air temperature drops, and animals from insects to cows may change their behavior. This brief phase is the only time it's safe to look at an eclipse with your naked eyes.

The only visible part of the sun during totality is its corona, the faint and normally unseen outer atmosphere that shimmers in the darkness like a fiery ring. Astronomers can use solar eclipses to study the corona from the ground, gathering clues to its behavior that may one day help solve the mystery of why the sun's upper atmosphere is actually hotter than its surface.

In 1919 Sir Arthur Eddington's expedition to watch a total solar eclipse from the island of Príncipe, off the west coast of Africa, helped confirm Einstein's general theory of relativity. According to Einstein's work, gravity from massive objects should warp the fabric of spacetime and so bend light.

Eddington realized that a total solar eclipse would provide the perfect test bed for this prediction, since light coming from much more distant stars should get bent ever so slightly as it passes by the sun, and the eclipse would allow scientists to see stars close enough to the sun's edge to detect this minuscule change. The experiment was a success, and news of the result helped launch Einstein into scientific stardom.

Total solar eclipses are only visible on Earth because of a lucky coincidence: The moon's diameter and distance from Earth make its relative size just big enough to cover the sun's disk. If the moon were any smaller or farther away, we would see only partial eclipses. In fact, measurements of the distance between Earth and the moon show that our cosmic companion is slowly spiraling away from us, and in a billion years or so, the moon will have drifted so far from Earth that total solar eclipses will no longer occur.

In addition, the moon's orbit around Earth is not a perfect circle, and its precise distance changes with each orbital cycle. Even today, sometimes the moon's apparent size is too small to fully cover the sun during an eclipse. When this happens, we see what's called an annular eclipse, also dubbed a ring of fire. In this case, the moon appears as a blackened circle surrounded by sunlight. Even during its total phase, it's not safe to view this kind of eclipse without proper eye protection.

Total solar eclipses occur every one or two years, on average, and partial and annular eclipses are only slightly more frequent. Because solar eclipses are visible from such a small area on Earth each time, the chance of observing one from any single spot is less than once in a lifetime.

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Solar Eclipses, Total Eclipse Information, News, Facts, Photos -- National Geographic

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Humans have recorded solar eclipses for millennia, and references to them can be found in some of humanity's earliest texts, such as ancient Chinese academic documents. Debate even swirls around a line from Homer's Odyssey -"The sun has been obliterated from the sky"-and whether it can be tied to a historic eclipse.

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The reason I chose this article was because when I read it I did expect it to not be interesting, but to my surprise it was by far the most interesting out of all the articles I have read. I sincerely hope everyone will read this.

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The gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun makes the water in the oceans bulge, causing a continuous change between high and low tide.

While both the Moon and the Sun influence the ocean tides, the Moon plays the biggest role because it is so much closer to our planet than the Sun.

In fact, the tidal effect of the Moon on Earth is more than twice as strong as that of the Sun, even though the Sun's gravitational pull on Earth is around 178 times stronger than that of the Moon.

Oceans Are Pulled Up

The gravitational force of the Moon and the Sun pulls the water in the oceans upwards making the oceans bulge, which creates high tide in the areas of Earth facing the Moon and on the opposite side. (See illustration.)

At the same time, in other parts of the planet, the ocean water drains away to fill these bulges, creating low tides. However, the oceans' water is also constrained by the continents and varying ocean depths. As a result, the tides behave more like water sloshing around in an oddly shaped bathtub than in a smooth and even basin.

High and Low Nearly Twice a Day

Tides are one of the most reliable phenomena in the world, and we know that they move in and out around twice a day, but not exactly. So, why is that?

A day on Earth is the time it takes our planet to spin once around its own axis and return to the same point under the Sun. This is known as a solar day, and it lasts around 24 hours.

However, the time it takes Earth to reach the same position in relation to the Moon, takes, on average, 24 hours and 50 minutes, known as a lunar day. The reason the lunar day is longer than a solar day is that the Moon revolves around Earth in the same direction as Earth rotates around its axis, so it takes Earth, on average, an additional 50 minutes to "catch up" to the Moon.

Because the tidal force of the Moon is more than twice as strong as the Sun's, the tides follow the lunar day, not the solar day. It takes half a lunar day, on average 12 hours and 25 minutes, from one high tide to the next, so we have high and low tides nearly twice a day.

According to the National Ocean Service, there are some exceptions to the main rule of 2 tides every lunar day: there are a few places, for instance along the coastline of the Gulf of Mexico, where there is only 1 tide per day. This is caused by the local shoreline topography, among other things. This tidal cycle is called a diurnal cycle, as opposed to the normal semidiurnal cycle, where diurnal means daily and semi means half.

Gradual Ebb and Flow

The change from low to high tide is known as flood tide, while the change from high to low tide is called ebb tide. The technical term for the difference in water level between high tide and low tide is tidal range.

The flow and ebb are gradual, so it is not accurate to say that a high or low tide lasts around 6 hours and 12 minutes, i.e. a quarter of a lunar day. The speed of the water flow varies during this period, and it also varies from place to place.

The Rule of 12ths

People who have to take the tides into account in their daily life, like sailors, fishermen, and surfers, often use what is called the rule of 12ths to calculate the expected water level.

This rule states that in the 1st hour after low tide the water level will rise by 1/12 of the predicted tidal range in any given area. In the 2nd hour, it will rise 2/12, and in the 3rd hour, it will rise 3/12. In the 4th hour, it will also rise 3/12, in the 5th, it will rise 2/12, and in the 6th hour, it will rise 1/12.

The sequence to remember is 1-2-3-3-2-1.

So, let's say the predicted tidal range is 12 feet. In the 1st hour, the tide would rise 1 foot. In the 2nd hour, it would rise 2 feet. In the 3rd and 4th hours, it would rise 3 feet. In the 5th hour, the tide would rise 2 feet, and in the 6th hour, 1 foot.

Storm Tides and Surge

The astronomical forces which drive the tides can be predicted very accurately, and these predictions are published in local tidal tables. However, different weather conditions also affect the sea level and may cause both lower and higher tides than expected. If there is a storm, the seawater level often increases. This is called a storm tide and is caused by a combination of storm surge and normal tidal movement.

Strong offshore winds can move water away from coastlines, exaggerating the low tide, while onshore winds may cause the water to pile up onto the shoreline, making the low tide higher than normal.

High pressure weather systems can lead to days with exceptionally low tides, while low pressure systems may contribute to causing much higher tides than predicted.

Geography and Topography Important

The depth and shape of the ocean and the distance between continents are also important in determining the water level along the shores. In the northern parts of North America, Europe, and Asia, the continents are close together, which creates a bigger difference between high and low tides than in areas farther south, where the continents are farther apart.

Average and Extreme Tides

The average tidal range in mid-ocean is around 1 meter or 3 feet. However, in some coastal areas, the tidal range can be more than 10 times higher in the most extreme areas. To give an average for tidal range along the world's coastlines doesn't make much sense, as they vary so much from place to place.

©iStockphoto.com/Gary Perkin

The world's highest tide is in the Bay of Fundy in Canada, where the difference between low and high tide can be up to 16.3 meters (53.5 feet). The highest tides in the US can reach 12.2 meters (40 feet) near Anchorage, Alaska. Along the coast of the UK, the tidal range varies from as little as 0.5 meters (1.6 feet) to a maximum of 15 meters (50 feet).

Spring Tides

The Moon's phase also plays a part in the tidal range. The greatest difference between high and low tide is around New Moon and Full Moon. During these Moon phases, the solar tide coincides with the lunar tide because the Sun and the Moon are aligned with Earth, and their gravitational forces combine to pull the ocean's water in the same direction. These tides are known as spring tides or king tides. The name has nothing to do with the season spring, but rather it is a synonym for jump or leap.

If a spring tide coincides with either the March equinox or the September equinox, it is called an equinoctial spring tide. At these times we can expect the largest tidal range of the year because, at the equinoxes, the Moon and Sun are aligned with the equator.
Moon phases in your city
Perigean and Apogean Spring Tides

Several times a year, the Full Moon or New Moon happens as the Moon is around its closest point to Earth, called perigee. This is popularly known as a Supermoon and leads to even larger variation between high and low tides, known as perigean spring tides. However, the difference from a normal spring tide is only around 5 cm or 2 inches.

The opposite happens when the Full or New Moon is around its farthest from Earth, apogee, also known as Micromoon. The apogean spring tides are around 5 cm (2 inches) smaller than regular spring tides.

Neap Tides

The tidal range is smallest around the 2 Quarter Moons (Half Moons) because the gravitational force from the Moon and the Sun counteract each other at these 2 points of the lunar month. These tides are called neap tides or neaps, from Anglo-Saxon, meaning without the power. Neaps always occur about 7 days after spring tides.

Oceans and Some Rivers

There is a difference between having noticeable tides and having true tides. For tides to be noticeable, the body of water has to be huge, like an ocean. Even though true tides also occur in smaller water basins, like big lakes, the tidal variations here are too small to notice.

For example, in the Great Lakes in the US, the largest tidal range is less than 5 cm or just under 2 inches. Different weather conditions, such as wind and barometric pressure, creates bigger differences in the water level than tides on these lakes. This is also the case in the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea, and even the Mediterranean.

Many rivers connecting to the ocean do have high and low tides. In some of these tidal rivers, the water drains away almost entirely at low tide, making it possible to walk across the bottom of the river. If a part of a larger river is affected by the tides, the section affected is known as tidal reach.

©iStockphoto.com/zatletic

In a few areas, where the tide comes into a narrow bay or river, tidal bores can form. Created by the incoming tide, tidal bores are waves which travel against the direction of the water current.

Tides in the Human Body?

Many people believe that the Moon's gravitational force also affects humans, as our bodies are made up of approximately 70% fluid. However, there is no scientific evidence supporting this belief. The amount of liquid in a human body is far from big enough to experience tides.

Topics: Moon, Earth, Sun, Astronomy

Next Full Moon

Nov 12, 2019 at 8:34 am

Previous Full Moon

Oct 13, 2019 at 5:07 pm

Times for Full Moon can vary by time zone. Dates are based on the local time in Washington DC. Change location

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The gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun makes the water in the oceans bulge, causing a continuous change between high and low tide. While both the Moon and the Sun influence the ocean tides, the Moon plays the biggest role because it is so much closer to our planet than the Sun.

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The reason I chose this article is because it does not just tell you new facts it explains how and why those facts are true, it is a very benevolent article that will broaden everyone's knowledge.

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We only see the moon because it reflects sunlight so, if some magical force "turned off" the sun, the moon would disappear from view. Because the moon is a sphere, and because we only see it due to illumination from the sun, its appearance changes as the sun, moon and Earth's relative positions change.

The one phase of the moon that cannot be observed from Earth is the new moon. This occurs when the moon lies almost directly between the Earth and sun, allowing us to see the night time side of the moon -- which is, of course, dark and not visible.

In the days following the new moon, keep an eye on the western horizon just after sunset to spot a very 'young' moon appearing as a slender crescent hanging in the darkening sky. These very young phases of the moon stay close to the sun in the sky so are only visible low in the west as night falls. During the day, the moon appears to follow the sun across the sky.

PHOTOS: Supermoon 2013: Readers' Photos

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Lunar Phases: The Changing Face of the Moon

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We only see the moon because it reflects sunlight so, if some magical force "turned off" the sun, the moon would disappear from view. Because the moon is a sphere, and because we only see it due to illumination from the sun, its appearance changes as the sun, moon and Earth's relative positions change.