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Your Eyes are popping!

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Print and keep this list with you. We're going to refer to this throughout the term.

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Abrasives

Various hard substances used for grinding, cutting or polishing softer substances, e.g. fused alumina.

Amorphous

Non-crystalline, having no determinable form or crystalline structure, e.g. glass.

Apparent Porosity

Relation between the volume of a mass and the volume of the water absorbed when the mass is immersed.

Ark

Large storage tank or container, e.g. Glaze Ark, Slip Ark, etc.

Autoclave

An airtight chamber, usually of steel, used for heating articles under pressure, used for a crazing or moisture expansion test.

Ball Mill

A piece of machinery used in the ceramic industry for the grinding of materials. It consists of a lined cylinder rotating about its horizontal axis and charged with flint pebbles or special ceramic grinding media, plus the material to be ground. The mill may be operated dry or wet.

Batt / Kiln Wash

A coating of refractory material applied to saggars, kiln furniture, etc, to prevent sticking during firing.

Batt

1. Plaster or wooden form used to enable the movement of ware without handling.
2. A refractory slab used to support ware during firing.

Biscuit / Bisque

Fired but not yet glazed ware.

Bleb

Small blister or bubble on fired clay surface.

Bloating

A swelling or expansion of body due to (a) over firing or irregular firing, (b) carbon trapped within a vitreous body.
It appears as a bubble formation within the body.

Blunging

Mechanical mixing of clay or slip with water.

Body

Name given to prepared clays.

Body Stain

Colourant used to colour clay body.

Bone China

A thin and translucent china - historically made from a body containing bone ash, china clay and Cornish Stone.

Bottle Oven

An intermittent kiln that is bottle shaped, usually fired with coal. Almost completely obsolete in pottery today.

Burnishing

Polishing leather hard clay by rubbing with a smooth stone or back of a spoon etc.

Calcination

The pre-firing of a ceramic material to remove all moisture and burn off any oxides and gases.

Casting

Forming pottery by pouring slip into a porous mould, usually made from potters plaster.

Casting Slip

A very fluid slip of high specific gravity, obtained by deflocculation and used for forming ware using the casting process.

Ceramic

Derived from the Greek 'Keramos' meaning 'earthen vessel'. Today it applies to a whole range of products, i.e. bricks, tiles, pipes, porcelain, china, pottery, etc.

Chittering

A series of small irregularities on the outer edge or rim of pottery ware. Mainly caused by incorrect fettling.

CMC / Carboxy Methyl Cellulose

Carboxy Methyl Cellulose-See Tylose in Miscellaneous Materials.

Co-efficient of Expansion

A measure of the reversible volume or length change of a ceramic material with temperature. Used to determine correct glaze to body fit.

Colloid

A suspension of extremely fine charged particles in a liquid.

Combined Water

The water driven off when a dry substance is heated. It should be distinguished from the moisture which is driven off below 110°C and which can be variable. The combined water is present in finite proportions.

Comminution

Production of powder by the breaking down of large particles, usually in a ball mill or mortar and pestle.

Compressive Strength

The ability of an article to withstand crushing loads.

Craquelle

An intentionally crazed or cracked effect on art pottery, emphasized by rubbing colouring matter into the cracks and re-firing the ware.

Crawling

Movement of glaze over the body surface during the gloss firing stage, due to dust or grease on the surface or over application of the glaze or excessive colloidal material in the glaze.

Crazing

A network of cracks in the glaze caused by tensile stresses greater than the glaze is able to withstand. These may result from mis-match of the glaze with the body.

Cryptocrystalline

Possessing crystals so small that they cannot be distinguished by a microscope.

Cut Glaze

Bare areas on glazed ware due to mechanical damage to the glazed article in the unfired state i.e. ware rubbing together.

De-Airing

Removal of air from clay. Various means are used to achieve this but the most common with clay is via the de-airing chamber of a pugmill.

Deflocculation

The dispersion of clay slip or glaze by the addition of an alkaline electrolyte e.g. sodium silicate, Dispex, etc.

Devitrification

The crystallization of a vitreous material.

Dilatancy

The property of a suspension such that when it becomes mechanically disturbed it appears to stiffen but becomes mobile again when the disturbing force is removed.

Dipping

The application of a glaze by immersion and then allowing the excess to drain off.

Dispersion

The separation of clusters of particles into their original separate units i.e. grinding.

Draw

Absorption of glaze by an unglazed surface situated near to a kiln during firing.

Dropper

Globules of glaze found on open gloss ware, usually from glaze accumulations on the roof of the kiln.

Dunting

Cracks or cracking in the clay caused by the too rapid cooling or heating of ware, and due to thermal stresses set up in the body.

Earthenware

A moderately porous pottery body that is fired to a temperature somewhat below that required to produce a vitreous article. Typically 1060 to 1100 C

Edge Runner Mill

A type of mill used for grinding or mixing materials in which the treatment is carried out by the pressure of large rollers squeezing the material between themselves and the base of the pan.

Efflorescence

A growth on the surface of ware due to the presence in the body of soluble salts.

Electrical Porcelain

Made for the use as an electrical insulating material. Typical composition is ball clay 28%, china clay 22%, quartz 25% and feldspar 25%.

Elutriation

The separation of particles according to their size or specific gravity by a controlled velocity water stream. The basis of a method for the determination of the fineness of a material.

Enamel

A fusible vitreous coating, fired at low temperatures, for clay articles.

Enamel Firing

A further firing to convert ceramic colouring materials, applied on top of a glaze, to a permanent form.

Engobe

A white or coloured coating of slip applied to the clay, for decoration, before glazing.

Eutectic

A mixture of two substances which has the lowest melting point in a whole series of possible compositions.

Extrusion

The process of forcing clay through an aperture or die. e.g. through a pugmill.

Feathering

Drawing a feather across slip-trailed ware for decorative purposes.

Fettling

The removal of the seam left by the mould in greenware, by fettling knife and/or sponge.

Fillers

These are materials added to a system to give it rigidity or increase its volume. Flint or quartz are often referred to as fillers in ceramic bodies.

Filter Cloth

A nylon or terylene cloth used in filter presses to filter the clay.

Flocculation

The aggregation of suspended particles by the addition of electrolytes to give a proper consistency for casting, dipping, etc.. A flocculant is a thickener.

Flux

A substance that lowers the melting point of material in which it is present.

Frit

A ceramic glass-like composition, melted or fused together. Used to render soluble constituents of glazes insoluble.

Frizzling

Mainly a decorating fault, typified by the curling over or frizzling of parts of a decoration. Caused mainly by temperature being too high in the initial stages of firing thereby causing the boiling off or eruption of organic media, i.e. size, oils, etc.

Fusion

Any treatment which converts a solid substance to a liquid state with temperature.

Glaze

A thin glassy layer formed on the surface of a ceramic article by the exposure of the glaze coated article to a high temperature. Glaze is usually applied in the form of a suspension of ground glaze in a liquid medium, to the clay or biscuit surface of the article.

Glaze/Body Fit

The relationship between thermal expansion of body and glaze. Ideally the glaze should have a lower thermal expansion than the clay body, so that on contraction the body puts the glaze into compression. This avoids crazing of the glaze due to tensile stresses in it.

Glaze Stain

Colouring agent added to a glaze.

Glost

A surface that has been glazed. A body that has gone through both a biscuit and glaze firing.

Greenware

Unfired clay ware.

Grog

Ceramic material which has been heated to a high temperature to burn off moisture and other gasses therefore is predominantly inert. This is then ground to a required grain size to add to a body formulation.

Hardening On

A process of heating decorated bisque ware to a temperature of approximately 650-700°C in order to burn out the organic media of the decoration and fix the colour prior to glazing.

Heat Work

Energy input during firing, normally represented in terms of temperature and time. Pyrometric cones indicate the amount of heat work that has occurred during a firing.

Hot Pressing

Densification of particles by the simultaneous application of heat and pressure. i.e. pressure sintering.

Incised Decoration

Marking leather hard clay for decorative purposes.

Jiggering

Shaping of flatware by means of a profiled tool at a fixed distance from the rotating surface of a plaster mould.

Jolleying

Shaping of hollow ware by means of a profiled tool at a fixed distance from the rotating surface of a hollow plaster mould.

Kaolin

From the Chinese 'Kao-Lin', meaning a high ridge. This is where white clay was first discovered.

Kiln

Pottery oven or furnace in which ceramic products are fired. May be fired by wood, coal, sawdust, electricity or gas.

Kiln Furniture

General term used to describe refractory pieces used to separate and support pottery during firing.

Laminations

The structure of unfired or fired pottery in which the materials are aggregated in the form of layers or strata.

Lawn / Sieve

A fine mesh sieve, usually made from phosphor bronze or stainless steel, and supported by a strong frame.

Lead Solubility

The solubility of lead glazes in particular in diluted hydrochloric acid.

Leather Hard

Partially dried clay ware. The ideal stage for turning, fettling, sponging, etc.

Lithography

This is a method of decoration involving manufactured transfers or 'decals'. The printing of the transfer is done by printing the decoration in lithographic oil, the colour then being dusted onto the oiled areas. The completed transfer is applied to a clay surface that has been previously coated with a tacky size, rubbed down and the paper backing sponged off. This process has largely been replaced with slide off transfers.

Loss of Ignition (L.O.I.)

The loss in weight of clay or any other material expressed as a percentage of its dry weight when it is heated under specified conditions.

Low Solubility

L.S. or low sol glaze. Defined by the Pottery Health Regulations as a glaze which does not release more than 5% of its dry weight of soluble lead when subjected to a specified test using hydrochloric acid.

Lustres

An iridescent optical appearance, due to light reflections producing diffraction patterns on a glazed surface. Produced by very thin coatings of metallic substances fired onto the glaze.

Majolica

In modern pottery, a soft opaque coloured glaze, firing temperature approx. 900

Model

The original or prototype of the piece to be made. Usually in clay, occasionally in plaster.

Modulus of Elasticity

The term defining the extent to which a material may be distorted under a given stress. Important in calculating glaze/body relationships.

Modulus of Rupture

The resistance offered by a piece of ceramic of unit cross sectional area to a force. The mechanical strength is quoted as modulus of rupture.

Moisture Expansion

The extent to which a porous ceramic material will expand in size when it absorbs water or water vapour.

Muffle Kiln

A chamber or box built in a furnace and used to fire articles out of direct contact with flames or the products of combustion.

Once-Fired

The making, glazing and firing of ware in one operation.

Opacifier

An additive to a glaze that increases the reflection of light to the observer, commonly tin oxide or zircon.

Optical Pyrometer

This is a form of pyrometer in which the temperature of an article or furnace is estimated by comparing the colour and intensity of its luminous surface with that of a calibrated filament.

Particle Size Distribution

The description of a powder by specifying the percentage of material within a given size range or less than a specific size. Sieve mesh sizes are only an indication of maximum particle size.

Peeling

A defect in glazed ware characterised by the engobe or glaze separating from the body in flakes. This is usually due to high compressive stresses in the layer.

Pin Holes

A glaze or body fault resulting from trapped air erupting through the body or glaze during maturation in the kiln.

Pitchers

Fired or broken scrap pottery. Biscuit pitchers have various uses when crushed or ground, i.e. grog, fillers, stopping, etc.

Plasticity

The property which enables material to be deformed by a force which exceeds a certain minimum value and to retain its new shape when the deforming force is removed. The ability of a material to be modelled.

Plucked Ware

A fault caused by glazed parts of the ware being in contact with kiln furniture. Or over firing of a body and it "melts" onto the shelf.

Porcelain

This is a vitrified and translucent ware made from a body containing china clay, ball clay, quartz and feldspar, which is made traditionally and fired only once.

Porosity

The amount of pore space in a ceramic material, which may consist of both open and sealed channels.

Pugging

The mixing, blending, de-airing and extrusion of plastic clay bodies.

Pyrometric Cones

Small tall "pyramids", made from various ceramic materials, which fuse and bend over at given temperatures. Used in kilns to indicate accurate firing temperatures and heat work.

Quenching

A method of cooling molten frit by allowing it to pour into a bath of water, thereby giving the frit its characteristic granular or plate form.

Raw Glaze

A glaze which contains no fritted ingredients.

Reducing Atmosphere

A kiln atmosphere which is deficient in free oxygen and causes reduction of compounds which are oxygen bearing.

Refractory

The ability of a material to withstand high temperatures, i.e. kiln shelves, cones, stilts, etc.

Rheopexy

The action of inducing thixotropy by gentle agitation or vibration. That is making something fluid by an act of vibration.

Saggars

Fire clay boxes of various shapes, in which ware is placed to protect it from contamination or flame impingement during firing.

Salt Glaze

A glaze is applied to ware within the kiln by throwing some salt onto the flames during firing, the ensuing vapour then reacts with the clay surface to form a sodium alumino-silicate glaze.

Sedimentation

The settling out, on standing, of particles from suspension in a liquid. This can occur when a casting slip or glaze is left overnight.

Sgraffito

The cutting or scratching through the outer colour or engobe, using a sgraffito tool, to expose the clay body underneath.

Sintering

The adhesion and densification of particles of a single compound on heating.

Slip

The suspension of a clay body in water, used for casting ware in moulds. Deflocculants are added to keep the clay in suspension.

Silk Screen

A decorating technique where the colour in paste form is forced by the means of a squeegee through a fine mesh and onto a clay surface.

Scumming

The formation of dull scum on the glaze surface, caused by gases present in the kiln atmosphere, or sulphates present in the body or in the kiln gases.

Soak

To maintain a pre-arranged temperature in the kiln for a particular time.

Spalling

The flaking, cracking or other disintegration of ceramics when subjected to sudden temperature changes.

Specific Surface Area

The total area of the surface of all the particles in unit weight of material.

Spit Out

Rapid desorption of absorbed moisture during the enamel / lustre firing resulting in small craters or bubbles being blown in the glaze.

Spray Drying

The process of drying clay slips by spraying them into a chamber through which hot air is passed.

Stoneware

A ceramic body containing a naturally vitrifying clay e.g. a stoneware clay or a suitable ball clay. Sometimes a non-plastic constituent and a flux are added. See clay chart for vitrification temperatures.

Surface Tension

The capacity of molecules of a liquid to bind together. Water has high surface tension.

Tailings

The residue of a material that will not pass through a sieve. It may be further processed and then re-sieved.

Tenmoku

A stoneware glaze deeply coloured by iron oxide. It produces often lustrous results that vary in colour from yellow, green, rust red, brown and black.

Tensile Strength

The resistance of a material to being torn apart by tension or pulling.

Thermal Conductivity

The rate at which heat passes through a material as measured by its rise in temperature.

Thermal Shock

Thermal shock is the way in which some materials are prone to damage by stresses set up due to differences in temperature in different parts of the article.

Thermocouple

A device for the measurement of temperature based on the voltage generated when two dissimilar conductors are heated in contact e.g. copper/constantan, chrome/alumel, platinum/rhodium, etc.

Thixotropy

The ability of certain clay suspensions to thicken up on standing; characteristic of partial or over-deflocculated casting slip.

Throwing

The technique of forming pottery on the potter's wheel. A ball of prepared clay is thrown on the wheel and it is centred and shaped with the hands.

Towing

The process of smoothing the outer edge of greenware. It is very similar to fettling.

True Porosity

The sum of open pores as determined by water absorption plus the volume of those pores which are sealed by vitreous matter and therefore closed to water.

Turning

Trimming and shaping thrown pots in the leather hard state.

Underglaze

Decorative colours applied to ware before the application of glaze.

Viscosity

The resistance to flow offered by a liquid. The opposite of fluidity.

Vitreous

A "glassy" like material / body that has extremely low or no porosity.

Vitrification

The progressive fusion of a material or body during the firing process. As vitrification proceeds the proportion of glassy bond increases and the apparent porosity of the fired product becomes progressively lower.

Water Absorption

A measure of the water a material can absorb, by soaking the material under specified conditions.

Wax Resist

Used as a masking medium for application to areas on which no glaze is required.

Wedging

A method of de-airing and dispersing moisture uniformly by hand in a piece of clay. The lump of clay is repeatedly thrown hard onto the work bench, turned over and occasionally cut through and re-joined.

Wetting Agent

A substance which when added to a liquid reduces its surface tension and causes the liquid to wet surfaces more efficiently.

Wreathing

Ripples or waves on the outside surface of a cast body caused by variations in the casting rate and excessive fluidity in the casting slip.

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Abrasives Various hard substances used for grinding, cutting or polishing softer substances, e.g. fused alumina. Amorphous Non-crystalline, having no determinable form or crystalline structure, e.g. glass. Apparent Porosity Relation between the volume of a mass and the volume of the water absorbed when the mass is immersed.

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Remember which style you like the best.

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Review the following link for the quiz on Monday and keep in mind which style is your favorite. Have a great weekend.

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Alabastron ( pl. alabastra) - a small jar for storing perfumes, named after the material (alabaster) the first examples were made from. They were often carried by a string looped around the neck of the vessel.

( pl. amphorae) - one of the most common forms in Greek pottery, various shapes, always with two vertical neck-handles and used for storing and transporting oil, wine and foodstuffs such as olives. Often with a lid but these have rarely survived.

Askos ( pl. askoi) - named after the wineskin which it resembles in shape. The small neck implies they were used for pouring liquids in a small quantity, e.g.: fine oil, honey and vinegar.

Astragalos ( pl. astragaloi) - a vessel shaped like a knucklebone from which it takes its name and which may have been used to store sheep knucklebones which were used as gaming pieces or dice.

Barbotine Ware - a style of pottery with decorative excrescenses.

Bell-Krater - a particular form of the krater vessel with a body shaped like an upside down bell, the handles are placed high on the vessel and the foot is stepped.

Black-Figure Style Decoration (c. 620 - c.530 BCE) Invented in Corinth, the style was adopted in Attica to become the dominant style in Greek pottery. Figures were painted in black silhouette with details such as muscles and hair incised using a sharp instrument.

Calyx Krater - a krater with a body shaped like a flower calyx, usually with a stepped foot.

Column-Krater - a type of krater (wine and water mixer) popular in the black-figure style with each handle supported by a short vertical 'column'.

Dinos ( pl. dinoi) - a large round-bottomed bowl with no handles and used for mixing wine with water. Usually placed on a ceramic stand or metal tripod.

Epinetron ( pl. epinetra) - a half-cyclinder worn over the thigh with the closed end over the knee, used for preparing wool for weaving. The upper surface was often incised to make a rough surface against which the wool fibres could be rubbed. Often with a female head at the closed end.

Exaleiptron ( pl. exaleiptra) - a vessel used to store fine oil or perfume with an inverted lip to prevent spillage and usually lidded. Pottery decoration show them in a context of women bathing or during funerary rites. Also known as a kothon.

Figure-of-eight Vase - named after the distinctive handle shape, from the Minoan civilization.

Fish Plate - a flat dish with a short foot used for serving fish and seafood. A central depression collected excess oil. Produced from the 4th century BCE they were popular in Attica and Magna Graecia. Usually decorated with fish and sealife, fish on Attic dishes were almost always painted with their undersides towards the outer edge whilst those from southern Italy had their undersides towards the centre of the plate.

Floral Style Decoration - a decorative style from Minoan Crete using plant and flower motifs (c. 1600 - 1450 BCE).

Geometric Style Decoration - the use of simple shapes and lines, later with stylized figures of animals and humans (900-600 BCE).

Graffito ( pl. graffiti)- A mark incised into the vase (usually under the foot), most commonly letters or numbers but sometimes also words and short phrases. They may indicate prices, trademarks or ownership. Simliar marks, but painted, are called dipinto.

Hydria ( pl. hydriai) - used principally to store water and one of the commonest shapes in Greek pottery. Two horizontal handles were for carrying the vessel when full and one vertical handle used when pouring. They could also be used as a burial container for children. They were also often made in bronze versions.

Jug - with a spout and single handle, used for pouring liquids.

Kamares Style Decoration - a polychrome decorative style from the Minoan civilization using bold designs in red or white on a black background (c. 2000 - c. 1700 BCE).

Kantharos ( pl. kantharoi) - a cup with two large vertical handles and a stemmed foot.

Kerch Style Decoration - named after the palce where many examples have been found they are decorated with distinctive gilded details in low relief. Originally form Athens.

Krater ( pl. krateres) - a large vessel with two handles, used to mix water and wine, usually to a ratio of 3:1 or 5:3.

Kyathos ( pl. kyathoi) - a ladle-like cup used for serving wine.

Kylix ( pl. kylikes)- a stemmed cup with two horizontal handles and a stemmed foot, used for drinking wine. One of the most common shapes in Greek pottery, over 30 varieties exist.

Lebes Gamikos ( pl. lebetes gamikoi) - a large vase with two upright handles often with a conical stand and lid. Used during marriage and burial ceremonies.

Lekanis ( pl. lekanides) - a shallow vessel with a foot and two horizontal handles and often with a single handled lid. The dish was used for storage of small articles (especially for women) and for serving food (when the lid, overturned, became a second serving dish).

Lekythos ( pl. lekythoi)- used to store fine oils and perfumes, often dedicated in burials and decorated in reference to this function, often with a white background.

Louterion ( pl. louteria) - a large basin vessel with two handles and sometimes a spouted lip. Used for holding water for washing or perhaps mixing wine and water. A third function may have been connected with funerary rites such as washing the body.

Loutrophoros ( pl. loutrophoroi) - a tall slim jar with elongated handles, used for holding water used in wedding and funeral rites and as a grave marker, especially when the deceased was unmarried.

Marine Style Decoration - found in Minoan and Mycenaean pottery with the depiction of sea-life, particularly octupuses, argonauts and shellfish (from c. 1600 BCE) .

Mastos ( pl. mastoi) - a wine cup shaped like a female breast with a nipple at the base instead of a foot.

Neck-Amphora - an amphora where the neck joins the shoulder of the vessel at a sharp angle.

New Palace Style Decoration - the late Minoan decorative style using more stylisitc representations of plants and marine life (from 1450 BCE).

Oinochoe ( pl. oinochoai) - jug or pitcher for pouring liquids, principally wine.

Ornament - decorative patterns and floral designs added to the foot, rim, handles and borders of vessels. Lotus, palmettes, ivy, meander, rays, tongues and rosettes were the most popular.

Pelike ( pl. pelikai) - a jar used for storing liquids such as oils and wines. Also used to contain ashes after cremation.

Phiale ( pl. phialai) - a shallow bowl used for wine and pouring libations in religious ceremonies. Often with an upraised knob in the centre which gives the vessel its name - omphalos (naval).

Pinax ( pl. pinakes) - a decorative plaque affixed to walls in tombs and temples.

Pithos ( pl. pithoi)- from the Minoan civilization, a large jar for the storage of foodstuffs such as grain and olives. Large magazines of pithoi are a typical feature of Minoan palace complexes.

Plastic Vase -A vase which incorporates a small sculpture as part of the vessel.

Plate - a circular flat dish with a raised rim.

Proto-Geometric Style Decoration - with simple shapes such as spirals and solid black lines, a pre-cursor of the more ambitious Geometric Style (c. 1000 - 900 BCE).

Protome ( pl. protomai or protomes) - three dimensional moulds added to vessels, especially handles. Often in the form of animals or the human upper body.

Psykter ( pl. psykters or psykteres) - a large vase shaped like a mushroom and used to cool wine. They could be placed within a krater or stand alone.

Pyxis ( pl. pyxides) - a small circular box with a lid, often used for the storage of jewellery and toileteries.

Red-Figure Style Decoration (from c. 530 BCE) Replacing the earlier black-figure style, vessels were painted black to leave unpainted figures the red colour of the original clay. Details were then added to the figures using a fine brush. Much greater attempts were made at realism and perspective in this style.

Rhyton ( pl. rhyta) - used in relgious practices for the pouring of libations, they may also take the shape of animal heads, especially bulls.

Skyphos ( pl. skyphoi) - deep cup or bowl with two handles near the rim.

Squat Alabastron - a flat jar for storing creams and ungents, first appearing in Minoan Crete and popular in the Mycenaean period. Early examples were made from alabaster, hence the name.

Stamnos ( pl. stamnoi) - a jar with a wide mouth, often with a lid and two handles, used for mixing wine and water.

Stemmed Cup - a drinking cup with two handles, a stem and base. Popular in the Mycenaean civilization, they would later develop into the unbiquitous kylix.

Stirrup Jar - first appearing on Minoan Crete but the most common shape in Mycenaean pottery, with a false central spout, used to store wine and oils.

Tondo ( pl. tondi) - the picture enclosed in a circle found on the inside of a kylix or plate.

Tripod Pyxis ( pl. pyxides) - A pyxis with three concave legs, also called a tripod-kothon.

Vasiliki Style Decoration - the first distinctive Minoan style of pottery decoration using mottled red and black colours (c. 2600-2000 BCE). Named after the site where the first examples were excavated.

Volute-Krater - a krater where the tops of the handles have a volute or scroll. More commonly decorated in the red-figure style.

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Alabastron ( pl. alabastra) - a small jar for storing perfumes, named after the material (alabaster) the first examples were made from. They were often carried by a string looped around the neck of the vessel. ( pl.

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Musical Instruments Out of Clay, like woah!

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Making throwing a clay pottery Udu Drum on the Potters Wheel

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Can we learn how to do this? I can download the soundtrack.

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Righteous Brothers - Unchained Melody ('Ghost' Soundtrack)

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What would you like to learn about in this class?Show me in a video.

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I loved my monster's ears because they remind me of my dog's ears.

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In one sentence, explain what you enjoyed/disliked about the project.

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The hardest part was the teeth. They kept falling out.