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In traditional teaching, students are thought of as empty and the teacher's job is to fill them with knowledge. In Conceptual teaching/learning, the students have preconceived ideas, and the teacher's job is to promote a deeper understanding in the students.

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Conceptual instead of factual

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* students learn how to categorize information more efficiently
* Students find it easier to make connections across the curriculum between different content areas
* gain true comprehension & insights
* Students develop critical thinking & problem-solving skills
* allow students to be self-directed learners and learn more about what interests them and take the instruction in the direction they want to go a little bit; students are more active/involved in their own learning experience
* teachers are able to better understand how each of his/her students think and process information & problems/situations
* creates better, more active learners who pursue the information themselves rather than simply receiving it through direct instruction from the teachers
* lends itself more to class games with the content, which is more engaging for students
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Concept definition first, examples given after

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Provide the examples first, than guide the students in identifying critical attributes and an overall concept to generalize the examples in

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Memorization & understanding of concepts are two different things
1. Use instructional language with care
2. Emphasize concepts instead of algorithms
3. Avoid naked numbers
4. Help students make connections among concepts

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>Organizes new information
>Helps students connect new knowledge with prior knowledge

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* Not all students necessarily work well when self-directed; as in some students need more direct instruction and guidance from the teacher
* Not all students work well in groups and conceptual teaching involves a LOT of discussion; some students may actually prefer/learn more from independent research and reflection
* for teachers, conceptual teaching is more work for the teachers; they have a lot more research to do in preparation for the lesson as most textbooks are not created thematically but rather sequentially and not filled with the variety of examples that are needed for conceptual teaching
* takes a lot more planning for the teacher in terms of coming up with a directed flow of the lesson to make sure students are going to achieve the objective, since students are more involved in this model than in traditional instruction
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indirect instructional strategy that uses a structured inquiry process

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Introduce  lesson using concept attainment strategy. display pictures of examples and non-examples to the class and involve students in providing own examples and small class discussion about the images & examples

Divide students into groups; each group researches one assigned example using resources provided by the teacher to better understand the example and its relevance; allow a few groups to share their discoveries with the class

Wrap it up by reviewing "key discoveries" that were made throughout the lesson and restate the main teaching points for the lesson

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Introduce by quickly going over main teaching points from previous lesson & introduce main teaching points/ questions

Can use videos paired with worksheets to elaborate on concept and have class discussion afterwards

Class discussions can be used to identify and explain relationships between the examples that have been discussed throughout the unit

can use books that correlate the concept and main teaching points as well

Wrap up by quickly reviewing main teaching points of lesson

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> Teachers focus on bigger ideas rather than certain facts
> It makes thinking more critical
>"big- picture"

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- Lay the ground work.
- Find out prior knowledge
- Inspire the students for the lesson

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> Students learn the importance of topics first, rather than facts first
> Students learn more critically

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- Open ended questions
- "Why" questions
- Investigations

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- Communicate investigation findings
- Reflection

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- Help students take action on what they learned
- Add relevancy

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The last lesson should include a recap of all the main teaching points throughout the whole unit and a recap discussion

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An expert explains a complex subject in five levels of complexity.

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> Lessons are taught to be memorized
> The teacher will not teach broad concepts
>The concept will be more geared toward students learning specific facts

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> Students will learn important facts

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The older students seem to yield more from this teaching model because the older the learners are the more in-depth they tend to go with their explanations/discussions/investigations

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This teaching model is really advantageous for younger students as well because it is teaching them foundational skills of how to research, problem-solve, think critically, investigate, and essentially, how to be an active learner!

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Reading and Thinking Like Scientists: Deepening Conceptual Understanding through Text-Based Tasks