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Adults are responsible for selecting, buying and cooking their own food.

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Work: Sometimes have to skip meals due to scheduling. Many products are marketed as “health products” such as; yogurts, granola bars, fruit juices etc., which can be considered a fast snack yet in reality do not provide the consumer with enough vitamins and nutrients leading to deficits
Income: Play a huge role as there being money to spend, naturally there wouldn't be any worry of eating out at restaurants, ordering food services, etc. For those who have low income, it will be harder for them to have a wider variety of food to eat which prompts them to eat pre-made meals, junk food, etc.
Family life: Depends on the situation. For example, those with children must find the time to cook nutritious meals from their busy lifestyles which is sometimes not possible to do.
Psychological Stress: During this stage in life, there are a lot of things to stress over such as workplace issues, relationship issues, etc. For some people this causes people to lose thier appetite or simple overeat, where both are not healthy.

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Alcohol disrupts sleep and can raise your blood pressure. It can also cause hypoglycemia in people with diabetes. It even affects the way medicines work.

Although caffeine may not be a problem for everyone, it can make some people feel anxious or jittery. Caffeine can also increase your heart rate and cause sleeping problems.

Avoid sugary drinks and sodas. If you have prediabetes, regular consumption of these types of drinks may raise your blood sugar to a diagnosis of diabetes. Excess sugar also leads to obesity and other health issues.

A drink or food product containing an artificial sweetener are not better than the ones that contain actual sugar and actually congtribute to weight gain and health problems

Easy and fast foods, or those with high fat increases risk for weight gain , cardiovascular diseases, etc

Although smoking is not a food, it still has unhealthy affects on the body such as increasing risk of cancer and loss of appetite

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Dietary Restriction and Disease Prevention

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Dietary Restriction and Disease Prevention

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Restrictions:
In your twenties, you should focus on calcium, folate, iron. Men and women continue to build bone in their twenties.
In your thirties, you should focus on reducing your calories because your metabolism slows down as a part of the aging process. Magnesium helps produce energy, regulate blood pressure and blood sugar and maintain strong bones.
In your forties, you should focus on antioxidants which help prevent cancer, aging and other chronic diseases.
Prevention:
Overall in this age, limitations should be put on fat in diet, refined sugars, and cut out red meat as it reduces risk of Type 2 diabetes. There's no cure for type 2 diabetes, but you may be able to manage the condition by eating well, exercising and maintaining a healthy weight. If diet and exercise aren't enough to manage your blood sugar well, you also may need diabetes medications or insulin therapy. You should also consume enough vitamin D and consume proper amount of calcium to prevent bone loss and consume B12 for red blood cells.

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young adults: the issues for this group is similar to the adolescents where they can suffer from eating disorders

(bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa), anemia, and obesity.
Middle aged adults:
Type 2 diabetes develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or when the pancreas stops producing enough insulin. Exactly why this happens is unknown, although genetics and environmental factors, such as excess weight and inactivity, seem to be contributing factors.

Cardiovascular disease can also be seen in this age. Some causes are smoking, lack of sleep, high blood cholesterol (hyperglycemia), diabetes, diets that are high in fat combined with carbohydrates, physical inactivity, drinking too much alcohol, and stress. There is definitely a dietary cause to this and these problems usually present themselves during adulthood.

This also the stage where women can reach menopause which is defined as not having one’s period for 12 consecutive month. Average age is 51 but can occur at any point between 30 and 60 as it is caused by a lack of estrogen being produced. Some lifestyle factors may have an impact on when you begin menopause such as smoking. There is also the fact by late 30's, it is dangerous to get pregnant as there are lots of health problems involved.
Older adults: Osteoporosis is a major concern especially for women over the age of 50. This illness is common as bones lose density and become weak and brittle with age as they can't absorb calcium as well as they used to. Cardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death of older adults. There are some studies showing how sugar and other types of food lead to this.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in older adults.
There is also the cause of worry for high blood cholesterol increasing heart disease

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Food groups                            |        Age 19-50
Fruits and vegetables            |        Females: 7-8  males: 8-10
Grain products                        |        Females:6-7  males: 8
Milk and alternatives             |        Females: 2 males: 2
Meat and alternatives           |         Females: 2  males: 3

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Prevention and Maintenance common nutritional deficiencies and requirements 

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Prevention and Maintenance common nutritional deficiencies and requirements 

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Prevention

Older adults suffer from deficiencies in vitamin D and calcium more than younger adults largely as the body changes with increasing age leading to diseases such as Osteoporosis. There is usually a decrease in dietary calcium intake as metabolism slows.

Some people don’t consume enough vitamin B12 to meet their needs, while others can’t absorb enough, no matter how much they take in making the deficiency common among adults

Women in childbearing years require more folic acid and iron than women in their menopausal stage

Maintenance

Young adults should maintain intake of proteins (10-15% daily) and carbohydrates (45-65% daily) just like in the adolescent stage

Also should be aware of iron deficiency which leads to anemia